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为人民谋幸福
2019年10月1日，是中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念日。无论是对中国还是对世界，这个日子都有着特别的意义。October 1, 2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), a day of special significance not only for China but for the entire world.因为有了新中国70年，中国人民的生活才更加幸福美满；因为有了新中国70年，我们的世界才更加繁荣发展；因为有了新中国70年，人类社会才更加丰富多彩。As a result of the developments that have taken place in the PRC over the 70 years, the people of China are living a happier life, the world is more prosperous, and human society is more diverse and colorful.70年前，在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民实现了翻身解放和当家作主。Seventy years ago, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) the people of China were emancipated and became masters of their country.新中国70年，是中华民族迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来的70年；新中国70年，是中国人民各项基本权利日益得到尊重和保障的70年；新中国70年，是中国不断为世界人权事业发展作出贡献的70年。Over the subsequent seven decades, the Chinese nation has stood up and grown prosperous and is becoming strong; all basic rights of the people are better respected and protected; and China has made regular contribution to the international cause of human rights.人民幸福生活是最大的人权。Living a happy life is the primary human right.中国共产党从诞生那一天起，就把为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴、为人类谋发展作为奋斗目标。Since the day of its foundation, the CPC has set its goal to work for the wellbeing of the people of China, for national rejuvenation and for human progress.新中国成立以来，特别是中共十八大以来，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，中国不断总结人类社会发展经验，在建设中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中，坚持把人权的普遍性原则与自身实际相结合，奉行以人民为中心的人权理念，始终把生存权、发展权作为首要的基本人权，协调增进全体人民的各项权利，努力促进人的全面发展。Since the founding of the PRC, and especially since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has been guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The nation has constantly reviewed the experience gained in human social development, integrated the principle of universality of human rights with national conditions in practicing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and espoused a people-centered view of human rights. China regards the rights to subsistence and development as its primary and basic human rights. It endeavors to improve the rights of all its people in a coordinated manner and works for their rounded development.历史和现实都证明，中国成功地走出了一条符合国情的人权发展道路，丰富了人类文明多样性。Both history and present circumstances attest that China has opened a new path of human rights protection based on its national conditions, and increased the diversity of human civilizations.作为国际社会重要一员，新中国高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，坚持维护世界和平、促进共同发展，坚持以合作促发展，以发展促人权，全面参与全球人权治理，努力推动世界人权事业发展进步。As a key member of the international community, China raises high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefits, stanchly safeguarding world peace, promoting common development, and advancing development through cooperation while promoting human rights through development. It fully participates in global human rights governance, and works strenuously to advance the international cause of human rights.中华人民共和国是中国共产党领导的社会主义国家。The PRC is a socialist country led by the CPC.为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴，是中国共产党人的初心和使命；以人民为中心，是中国共产党执政的最高价值。The original aspiration and the mission of the Party is to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and putting the people at the center of all its work is the supreme pursuit of the Party in its governance.中国共产党的领导，是中国人民能够享有人权并不断享有更加充分人权的根本保证，是全体中国人民的利益所在、幸福所在，是中国人权事业的命脉所在、根本所在。The Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the people of China to have access to human rights, and to fully enjoy more human rights. This leadership is therefore in the interests of all people of China, critical for their pursuit of a happy life, and provides the foundations for the cause of human rights in China.新中国人权事业的发展，与当代中国发展进程相统一，是中国特色社会主义发展的必然结果。The progress in human rights in China parallels the country’s overall progress in recent times, and results from the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.自1949年以来，新中国人权事业发展大体经历了三个时期。The cause of human rights in China has gone through three phases since 1949:第一个时期：1949年新中国成立，确立了社会主义基本制度，完成了中国历史上最为广泛而深刻的社会变革，为中国人权事业发展奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础。The first phase: Founded in 1949, the PRC established a basic socialist system and achieved the most extensive and profound social transformation in China’s history, laying down the basic political prerequisite and establishing the institutions for developing human rights in China.从1840年到1949年，由于西方列强的一次次入侵，加之统治阶级的腐朽和社会制度的落后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会。Between 1840 and 1949, due to repeated invasions by foreign powers, a corrupt ruling class, and a backward social system, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.战乱频仍、社会动荡、经济凋敝、民不聊生，是当时中国的真实写照。Frequent wars, instability, a shattered economy, and a destitute populace – this is an accurate portrayal of China at that time.在旧中国，广大人民长期处于帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的压迫下，毫无人权可言。The people suffered under the oppression of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat-capitalism, and had no access to human rights at all.新中国的成立，实现和捍卫了真正完全的民族解放和国家独立，为中国人民的生命、自由和人身安全提供了根本保障，为中国人民各项权利得到有效保障和不断发展创造了根本条件。With the founding of the PRC, China achieved and then defended true, complete national liberation and independence, which provided the fundamental guarantee for the subsistence, freedom, and personal security of the people, and created fundamental conditions to effectively protect and continuously improve all of their rights.新中国建立和巩固了人民民主的政治制度，保障人民当家作主的权利。The PRC established and consolidated the political system of people’s democracy, which guarantees the people’s rights to be masters of their country.在新中国成立前夕，通过了具有临时宪法作用的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》，规定人民享有选举权和被选举权以及广泛的政治权利和自由；妇女在政治、经济、文化教育、社会生活各方面均有与男子平等的权利。The Common Program of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, which was adopted on the eve of the founding of the PRC and served as the provisional Constitution of China, stipulates: people have the right to vote and to stand in election in addition to a wide range of political rights and freedoms; and women have the same rights as men in all respects, including politics, economy, culture, education and social life.1954年，第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法》，确立了人民民主原则和社会主义原则，确立了人民代表大会制度，在制度上保障了国家一切权力属于人民，并设立专章规定了公民的基本权利和义务。The 1954 Constitution of the PRC, which was adopted at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress (NPC), set up the principles of people’s democracy and socialism, established the system of people’s congresses, and provided institutional guarantees for ensuring all power in the PRC belongs to the people. It included a chapter specifying the basic rights and obligations of citizens.新中国开展各项民主改革和社会事业建设，为促进经济社会发展和保障人权创造了条件。The various democratic reforms and social programs carried out by the PRC during this period created conditions for economic and social development and protection of human rights.土地改革运动废除了地主阶级封建剥削的土地所有制，中国农民真正从经济上翻身做了主人，被束缚的农村生产力获得解放，广大农民的经济地位和生活状况大大改善。The land reform in the early 1950s abolished the feudal system of land ownership that allowed for exploitation by the landlord class. As a result, Chinese peasants were economically liberated and became masters of their country. Suppressed rural productive forces were unleashed and peasants’ economic status and living standards were greatly improved.从1950年起，对国营厂矿交通企业的生产和管理制度进行民主改革，建立工厂管理委员会和职工代表大会，使工人真正成为企业的主人。The democratic reform of the production and management of state-owned factories, mines, and transportation operators that started in 1950 set up factory management committees and workers’ congresses in these entities, and hence made workers true masters of their enterprises.1950年，颁布实施婚姻法，废除包办强迫、男尊女卑、漠视子女利益的封建婚姻制度，实行婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女权利平等、保护妇女和子女合法利益的新婚姻制度。The Marriage Law promulgated in 1950 abolished the feudal marriage system that sanctioned arranged or forced marriages, enabled men’s superiority over women, and neglected children’s interests. It established a new marriage system featuring monogamy, freedom of marriage, gender equality, and protection of the legitimate interests of women and children.促进教育、医疗卫生事业发展，建立劳动保险和社会救济制度，初步形成以单位为组织形式的社会保障体系。In addition, China promoted education and healthcare, established labor insurance and social relief systems, and created a nascent social security system with public employers being the building blocks.新中国建设独立完整的国民经济体系，推动经济发展，为保障人权奠定经济基础。The PRC established a complete, comprehensive economic system to boost economic growth, which laid the economic foundations for human rights protection.新中国迅速医治战争创伤，仅用三年时间，就使国民经济和人民生活恢复到历史最高水平。The newborn People’s Republic quickly recovered from the devastation of past wars. In only three years its economy and the people’s standard of living rose to the highest level in history.在此基础上，不失时机地对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业进行社会主义改造，建立了社会主义的基本经济制度，为人民平等参与经济发展和分享劳动成果提供了基本的社会制度保证。On this basis China started socialist transformation of agriculture, handcrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, and established a basic economic system of socialism. This provided the basic institutional guarantee for the people to participate in economic development and share the fruits of their work on an equal footing.新中国彻底否定了民族压迫和民族歧视，发展民族平等、互助、团结关系。The PRC soundly rejects ethnic oppression and discrimination, and forges an interethnic relationship characterized by equality, mutual help and unity.民族区域自治制度的成功实行，有效保障了少数民族在祖国大家庭中的平等权利和少数民族管理本民族、本地区事务的自治权利。The success of the system of regional ethnic autonomy effectively guarantees the equal rights of all ethnic minority groups in China as well as their right of autonomy in handling affairs of their own groups and regions.
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