毕业论文 | 民国时期(1912-1949)上海地区美术展览的空间选择和时空演变

按语

这一题目发端于陈静老师的学生项目，后来又在一定程度上跟香港中文大学和里昂二大的“虚拟上海”项目交织在一道，也是我们从近代上海的研究兴趣发生多年以来第一个相对系统完整的严肃学术成果。这个项目总的来说可以被视为传统材料的空间辨识与演绎，材料和研究问题都有很大挑战。好在晓敏一直线索清晰，对高细粒度的城市史和空间背后的城市文化现象讨论有了很好的方法论实验，回应了近代上海研究方向上的初衷。

—— 导师、SHAPC主任 何捷

美术展览自明末清初时期传入中国到民国时期逐步发展兴盛，所经历的发展过程也离不开各类城市空间资源的支持，其中既包括展览场所的物理空间，也包括美术近代化运动中的力量与变革在城市空间中的映射。

对城市空间的研究，除了物理条件，也需要探讨城市空间的社会意义以及人们如何使用城市空间。近代上海的城市空间在复杂的社会背景下更是蕴含着多重社会文化意义。

为理清美术展览的发展历程，并丰富和完善近代上海城市空间研究，本研究分析和讨论民国时期上海地区美术展览的发展历程及其在城市空间层面的分布现象和分异情况，并就时空分析的结果予以探讨。

本研究自2019年8月29日开题起，至2021年5月31日论文终稿存档，历时一年有余。论文写作期间共录入历史数据2740余条，核对数遍，查阅论坛、贴吧、在线方志、历史地图等多种资料。技术手段尚未成熟，但尝试的过程依然其乐无穷。建立假设，推演逻辑，从数据现象中推理论证，我对近代上海的了解逐渐加深。期待未来有更好的技术手段做更多尝试，有更多跨界的机会和可能。

—— 作者、SHAPC 2021届硕士毕业生 郭晓敏

Part 01

论文题目

民国时期（1912-1949）上海地区美术展览的空间选择和时空演变

The Spatial Choices and Temporal Evolution of Art Exhibitions in Shanghai During the Republic of China (1912-1949)

Part 02

论文摘要

       美术展览明末清初引入中国并于民国时期逐渐兴盛，其所具有的公开化、公共化特征改变了中国传统美术欣赏的方式；在发展过程中，美术展览所使用的空间和场所也发生了相应的转变。展览本体的发展及活动承载空间蕴含着近代上海城市空间和社会生活变迁的重要信息，但在以往研究中美术展览在城市生活与城市空间的关系未被充分重视。美术展览的发展过程中的空间选择和时空演进不仅是美术展览发展特性的表征，也体现着其发展过程中对不同类别城市空间条件的依赖，并反映出逐渐融入大众文娱生活的过程。因此，本研究突破以往单一学科视角和技术手段的限制，梳理整合了民国时期美术展览发展过程中的历史记录文本材料和图像材料等并进行数字化，引入历史地理信息技术，构建了历史数据库进行时空分析和可视化，以挖掘其中蕴含的丰富空间信息解析美术展览在城市空间层面的发展历程。通过使用量化分析手段对1912年至1949年美术展览发展过程进行了详细、全面的空间过程展示并对特殊的时空现象结合史实材料予以分析解释，最终证明了在民国时期美术展览由服务于艺术思想传播和交流的载体发展为市民社会文化生活的一部分，对举办场所的选择一方面包含美术发展中的美术传播和进步要求，另一方面则是融入大众社会生活的要求。在不同的发展阶段，美术展览受到各种社会力量的支持——尽管作为西学东渐的现代性的产物，但美术展览在发展过程中仍然借助了传统社会力量的支持，并得以发展和完善。这也反应出近代上海城市社会生活中传统和现代融合的特征。

本文首先介绍了研究缘起及对研究问题的架构，通过梳理相关研究的已有成果，从研究问题的解构，研究数据的选择和处理，研究方法的选取等方面确立了本次研究的技术路线。之后，通过对美术展览发展全过程的概况研究，对各时间阶段内美术展览类别与举办场所用地性质间联系和空间分布的区域研究，以及上部分具有典型性和代表性的城市空间发展历程及其与美术展览发展关系这三个方面分别进行了讨论。最后，文章总结了上述三个层面的讨论并总结了历史地理信息技术的优势、在本研究中所起到的帮助，以及未来在城市史、社会史等方向研究的发展方向和潜力。

Art exhibition was introduced into China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and gradually flourished in the Republic of China period. Its characteristics of openness and public changed the way of traditional Chinese art appreciation. In the course of development, the spaces and venues used for art exhibitions have also changed accordingly. However, the development of the exhibition noumenon and the important information of the changes of urban space and social life in modern Shanghai contained in the activity bearing space have not been fully paid attention to in the previous studies both on art exhibition and urban space. The spatial choice and spatio-temporal evolution in the development process of art exhibition is not only the representation of the characteristics of the development of art exhibition, but also reflects its dependence on different types of urban space conditions in urban development process, and reflects the process of its gradually integrating into the public entertainment life.Therefore, this research breakthrough the limitation of previous single discipline angle of view and technical means, integrate historical text and image materials of art exhibitions during the Republic of China period and digitze them. Then through introducing history geography information system (HGIS) technology, build the historical database for spatial and temporal analysis and visualization, in mining which contains abundant spatial information parsing art exhibition in the aspect of urban spatial development. Through quantitative analysis, the development of art exhibition from 1912 to 1949 is illustated in a detailed and comprehensive spatial process, and its special spatiol-temporal phenomenon combined with historical materials is analyzed and explained. It finally proves that during the Republic of China, art exhibitions developed from a carrier serving the dissemination and exchange of art ideas to a part of citizens' social and cultural life. On the one hand, the choice of art exhibition venues contains the requirements of art communication and progress in the development of fine arts. On the other hand, integration into social life of the public was equally important. Different stages of art exhibition were supported by various social powers. As a result of the modernity of western culture spreading to the east, art exhibition still relied on the support of traditional social groups during their development. This also reflects the characteristics of the integration of tradition and modernity in the social life of modern Shanghai.

This paper first introduces the origin of the research and the structure of the research problem. By combing the existing results of related research, the technical route of this research is established from the aspects of the deconstruction of the research problem, the selection and processing of the research data, and the research methodology. Then through the macro development of art exhibition, an overview of the whole process of research on mesosphere art exhibition categories within each time stage and the relationship between venue land properties and spatial distribution of area studies, as well as the micro-level of some typical and representative urban space development and its relationship with the exhibition of fine arts development of these three aspects are discussed respectively. Finally, the paper summarizes the above three levels of discussion and summarizes the advantages of HGIS and its help in this study, as well as the development direction and potential of future research in urban history, social history and other directions.

图1 1912-1949年美术展览发展的数量统计趋势

Fig 1. The quantitative statistical trend of the development of art exhibitions from 1912 to 1949

图2 1912-1949年个人展览各阶段空间分布变化

Fig 2. The spatial distribution of individual exhibitions in different stages from 1912 to 1949

图3 1912-1949年美术展览类别与用地性质类别分析

Fig.3 An analysis of the categories of art exhibitions and land use properties from 1912 to 1949

Part 03

关键词

近代上海，美术展览，历史地理信息系统（HGIS），时空分析，空间变迁，民国时期

Modern Shanghai, Art exhibition, HGIS, Temporal analysis, Spatial changes, The Republic of China

*封面图片来源：http://www.soupu.com/news/675088

按语 / 何捷 郭晓敏

编辑 / 郭晓敏

校对 / 张舒

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