期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(76-79)

Urban Studies 国际城市规划 2023-11-10

收录于合集 #UrbanStudies论文精选 24个

为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。

Provincialising smart urbanism in Taipei: The smart city as a strategy for urban regime transition

台北智慧城市化的地方化实践：智慧城市作为城市政体转型的策略

I-Chun Catherine Chang（美国麦卡莱斯特学院）

Sue-Ching Jou （国立台湾大学）

Ming-Kuang Chung（国立台湾大学）

首次出版时间：2020/9/13｜研究论文

Abstract: The appeal of revolutionising urban governance through information technologies has prompted cities across the globe to pursue smart city initiatives. The mainstream scholarship on these initiatives has mostly focused on technology and corporate-led urban development, and it also often privileges the experience of cities in the global North. Nevertheless, this mainstream understanding of the smart city may obscure emerging new power dynamics and locally contextualised processes associated with smart urban development, especially in cities at the global periphery. Inspired by post-colonial theories, this article makes the case for ‘provincialising’ smart urbanism by dislodging technology from the centre of analysis, accentuating perspectives of cities outside the locations where the smart city knowledge is traditionally produced and attending to power relationships. In our case study of Taipei, this provincialising approach helps unveil various logics, intentionalities, assemblages and power dynamics through which the smart city is employed as a political strategy to facilitate urban regime transition. We argue that the current non-affiliated Ko administration exploits the veneer of technological superiority and political neutrality of its smart city agenda to set a new growth agenda, form new development coalitions, establish new institutions and incorporate rising populist momentum into policy-making. Focusing on the politics of being smart, our findings illustrate how smart city experiments reshape power dynamics and regime formation through reorganising actors and interest groups, reconfiguring government institutions, reallocating resource distribution and, in the end, bolstering governing legitimacy.

摘要：通过信息技术变革城市治理的吸引力促使全球各地的城市开展智慧城市计划。关于这些计划的主流学术研究主要集中在技术和企业主导的城市开发上，而且通常优先考虑全球北方城市的经验。然而，这种对智慧城市的主流认识可能会掩盖新出现的权力动态、以及与智慧城市开发相关的本地处境化过程，尤其是在全球边缘城市的这一过程。受后殖民理论的启发，本文不将技术作为分析的核心因素，而是强调传统上的智慧城市知识生产地点之外的城市的视角，并关注权力关系，从而为智慧城市的“地方化”辩护。在我们对台北的案例研究中，这种地方化的方法帮助我们揭示各种逻辑、刻意性、集合和权力动态，通过这些逻辑、刻意性、集合和权力动态，智慧城市被用作一种政治策略来促进城市政体的转变。我们认为，当前由无党籍的柯文哲领导的台北市政府利用其智慧城市议程的技术优势和政治中立的表象制定新的增长议程，形成新的发展联盟，建立新的机构，并将日益高涨的民粹主义势头纳入政策制定过程。我们的发现聚焦于智慧城市的政治方面，说明智慧城市实验如何通过重组行为者和利益集团、重新配置政府机构、重新分配资源以及最终增强治理合法性来重塑权力动态和政体结构。

Keywords: provincialising, smart city, Taipei, urban regime transition

关键词：地方化, 智慧城市, 台北, 城市政体转型

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020947908

New directions in transnational gentrification: Tourism-led, state-led and lifestyle-led urban transformations

跨国绅士化的新方向：旅游业主导、国家主导和生活方式主导的城市转型

Thomas Sigler（澳大利亚昆士兰大学）

David Wachsmuth（加拿大麦吉尔大学）

首次出版时间：2020/9/15｜研究论文

Abstract: Transnational gentrification is class-based neighbourhood change driven by relatively affluent international migrants. In contrast to the conventional globalisation narrative in which people are significantly more place-bound than capital flows, transnational gentrification suggests that a globally mobile capitalist class has been in large part responsible for rapid change in many urban neighbourhoods. Observations of transnational gentrification have accelerated over the past decade, with scholarly accounts reporting on cases in disparate locations – particularly those in Latin America and the Mediterranean with ‘charming’ old-world architecture, significant cultural amenity and rents below OECD averages. In this article we attribute transnational gentrification in the 21st century to three primary drivers: new forms of tourism and short-term rentals; state-led initiatives to revitalise urban neighbourhoods and catalyse economic activity; and lifestyle-driven migration and new forms of consumption. We argue that transnational gentrification is not simply an outcome of aglobalised ‘rent gap’ but instead a product of a new global residential imaginary coupled with enhanced possibilities for transnational mobility facilitated by digital platforms and state-led efforts to extract new forms of rent from particular neighbourhoods. We conclude by offering a number of potential avenues for future research, many of which resonate with key themes that emerged decades ago as gentrification first began to transform cities and urban policy.

摘要：跨国绅士化是由相对富裕的国际移民推动的、基于阶级的街区变化。传统的全球化叙事认为，人对地方的依恋远远超过资本，与此形成对比的是，跨国绅士化表明，全球流动的资本阶级是推动许多城市街区迅速变化的重要原因。过去十年来，学界对跨国绅士化的观察速度已经加快。学者们报告了不同地区的案例，特别是拉丁美洲和地中海地区的案例，这些地区拥有迷人的古老建筑、浓厚的文化氛围和低于经合组织 (OECD) 平均水平的租金。本文中将21世纪的跨国绅士化归结为三个主要驱动因素：新型旅游业和短期租赁；政府主导的振兴城市街区和促进经济活动的举措；以及生活方式移民和新的消费形式。我们认为，跨国绅士化並不是简单的全球化“租金差距”的结果，而是由新的全球居住理念与更便利的全球旅行共同造成的。而这种更便利的全球旅行又是由数字平台与政府举措共同推动的，政府通过这些举措，以新的形势从特定街区提取地租。最后，我们为未来的研究提供了一些潜在的路径，许多路径的灵感来自于几十年前、当城绅士化首次开始改变城市和城市政策时出现的重要主题。

Keywords: gentrification, housing, migration, neighbourhood, redevelopment, short-term rentals

关键词：绅士化, 住房, 移民, 街区, 重建, 短期租金

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020944041

Why does everyone think cities can save the planet?

为什么每个人都认为城市可以拯救地球？

Hillary Angelo（美国加州大学圣克鲁斯分校）

David Wachsmuth（加拿大麦吉尔大学）

首次出版时间：2020/6/3｜研究论文

Abstract: This article identifies and explains an underlying transition in global urban policy and discourse from the city as a sustainability problem to the city as a sustainability solution. We argue that contemporary policy discourses of cities saving the planet should be understood in the context of three major historical developments which have their roots in the 1970s and which intensified throughout the 1990s. The first is sprawl: the urban sustainability policyagenda in the Global North has been in large part a reaction to several decades of urban expansion and car-based planning. The second is informal settlements: since the introduction of UN-HABITAT in 1978, an international policy agenda has formed around addressing the environmental deficits associated with processes of informal urbanisation above all in the Global South. And the third is climate change, as the overarching concern that connects urban-environmental problems and policies in the North and South. We then contextualise the articles in this special issue by outlining a new research agenda for decoding the notion that cities can save the planet, which emphasises the need for an historical, multi-spatial, political and representational analysis of urban sustainability thinking and policy.

摘要：本文识别并解释全球城市政策和话语的一个潜在转变，即，城市从一个可持续性问题变成了一个可持续性解决方案。我们认为，当代关于城市拯救地球的政策论述应该在三大历史发展背景下理解，这三大历史发展根源于1970年代，并在整个1990年代得到强化。第一个历史发展是城市蔓延：全球北方的城市可持续发展政策议程在很大程度上是对几十年的城市扩张和基于私家车的规划的回应。第二个历史背景是非正规住区：自联合国人居署 (UN-HABITAT) 于1978年成立以来，围绕解决与非正规城市化进程相关的环境赤字（首先是在全球南方）形成了一个国际政策议程。第三个历史背景是气候变化，它是连接北方和南方城市环境问题和政策的首要问题。然后，我们概述了一个新的研究议程来解读“城市可以拯救地球”的概念，强调需要对城市可持续发展的思想和政策进行历史的、多空间的、政治的和代表性的分析，从而将这些文章置于本期特刊的背景中。

Keywords: informal settlements, sprawl, climate change, urban sustainability

关键词：非正规住区, 蔓延, 气候变化, 城市可持续性

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020919081

Flows in formation: The global-urban networks of climate change adaptation

流动的形成：适应气候变化的全球城市网络

Kian Goh（美国加州大学洛杉矶分校）

首次出版时间：2019/1/28｜研究论文

Abstract: As climate change threats to urban centres become more alarming, cities are proposingambitious plans to adapt to climate impacts. These plans are increasinglysubsumed within urban development projects, and embedded in global flows ofcapital and networks of environmental governance and planning. And yet, scholarship on urban adaptation has tended to approach the city as ananalytically bounded territory, neglecting interconnections across space and processes of globalisation, urbanisation, and geopolitics. This paper extends theories of relational geographies to explore the emerging conditions of urban adaptation in the context of climate change and globalised urban development. Focusing on the global links of Dutch water expertise, and tracing relationships within and between Rotterdam, New York, and Jakarta, it illustrates the formation of global-urban networks – the multiscalar, multilevel connections through which capital, knowledge, and influence flow. It probes the ways in which these networks emerge to mobilise ideas and influence across geographical scales and political boundaries, driven and defined by interrelated factors including economic relationships, historically defined situational relationships, and interface conditions including narratives of culture and environmental urgency. The paper introduces the concept of ‘network formation’ to see and understand such interconnected, relational processes. It explains the spatial and temporal interconnections within and across sites, and the relationships between urban spatial projects and broader political economies and ecologies. The paper asserts the importance of conceptualising the relationships and interfaces of increasingly mobile and interconnected urban environmental futures.

摘要：随着气候变化对城市中心的威胁变得更加令人惊恐，城市正在提出适应气候影响的雄心勃勃的计划。这些计划越来越多地归入城市发展项目，并融入全球资本流动和环境治理与规划网络。然而，关于城市适应的学术研究倾向于将城市作为一个有边界的区域加以分析，忽视跨空间的互连和全球化、城市化和地缘政治的过程。本文扩展了关系地理学理论，应用其探讨气候变化和全球化城市发展背景下城市适应的新环境。通过着眼于荷兰水资源专家的全球联系，并追踪鹿特丹、纽约和雅加达各自内部以及相互之间的各种关系，本文说明了全球城市网络的形成，这个网络是透过一种资本、知识和影响力的流动实现的多层次、多标量联系。本文探讨了这些网络的产生如何通过带来了各种思想和影响力在各种地理范围和政治边界之间流动，而这又是由一系列相互关联的因素驱动和定义的，包括经济关系、历史定义的情境关系、以及包括文化叙事和环境紧迫性在内的交互环境。本文介绍了“网络形成”的概念，以了解和理解这种相互关联的关系过程。本文解释了地点内和地点之间的空间和时间互连，以及城市空间项目与更广泛的政治经济和生态之间的关系。本文断言了对越来越流动和相互关联的城市环境未来的关系和界面进行概念化的重要性。

Keywords: built environment, climate change, environment/sustainability, infrastructure, planning, theory, urban politics

关键词：建筑环境, 气候变化, 环境/可持续性, 基础设施, 规划, 理论, 城市政治

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807306

以上内容源自

Urban Studies 论文快递：第七十六期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第七十七期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第七十八期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第七十九期

相关阅读

Urban Studies 文章精选(63-67)

Urban Studies 文章精选(68-71)

Urban Studies 文章精选(72-75)