期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(68-71)
为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。
The future of the city centre: Urbanisation, transformation and resilience – a tale of two Newcastle cities
城市中心的未来：城市化、城市转型与城市韧性——两个纽卡斯尔城市的故事
Robert J Rogerson（斯特拉斯克莱德大学）
Bob Giddings（英国诺森比亚大学）
首次出版时间：2020/7/29｜研究论文
Abstract: Recent debates over the content and theoretical orientation of urban studies act as a strong reminder that the nature and existence of the city as a form of spatial urban agglomeration is changing. They have acted positively as a heuristic to inspire critical analysis of urbanisation and helped to illuminate the considerable empirical variation over time and space in urban agglomeration forms. However, in shifting the focus onto the planetary reach of urbanisation, such debates risk deflecting attention away from the city core at a time when it too is being subjected to transformation. The city centre has been taken for granted as critical attention has been given to the impact of development and enterprise in extending the city outwards. The recent proliferation of publicand policy interest in the future of the city centre as the archetypal expression of urban agglomeration has not been matched by similar growth in academic and theoretical accounts of its transformation. Drawing on the examples of two city centres, and placing them in the context of the recent debates of urban agglomeration theory, this article seeks to initiate deeper analysis and dialogue about the future of the urban core, including how it is being articulated and by whom. It argues for a greater analytic understanding of the ways in which the city centre as a physical and emotional entity has been so resilient, and advocates for stronger engagement with initiatives seeking to reactivate the city centre as a crucial epicentre of urban agglomeration.
摘要：最近关于城市研究的内容和理论方向的争论强烈地提醒我们，城市作为一种空间城市集聚形式的性质和存在正在发生变化。这些辩论积极地启发了人们对城市化进行批判性分析，并帮助阐明城市集聚形式在时间和空间上的显著经验变化。然而，在将焦点转移到城市化的全球范围时，这种争论有可能在城市中心也正在经历转型的时候转移人们对城市中心的注意力。人们一度想当然地看待城市中心，因为在向外扩展城市的过程中，开发和企业的影响受到了极大的关注。最近，公众和政策对城市中心作为城市集聚的典型表现的未来的兴趣激增，这是，但学术界和理论界对其转型的描述却没有类似的增长。本文以两个城市中心为例，将它们置于最近关于城市集聚理论的讨论中，试图就城市中心的未来展开更深入的分析和对话，包括如何表述以及由谁来表达。本文主张对城市中心作为一个物质和情感实体的复原性进行更深入的分析理解，并主张更有力地参与旨在重振作为重要的城市集聚中心的城市中心的倡议。
Keywords: planning, policy, redevelopment, regeneration, theory, urban studies
关键词：规划, 政策, 再开发, 更新, 理论, 城市研究
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020936498
Governing for and through harmonious community: The emergence of moral clinics in China
和谐社区作为治理的目标和方式：中国道德诊所的兴起
Shaoying Zhang（上海政法学院）
Derek McGhee（英国基尔大学）
首次出版时间：2020/7/29｜研究论文
Abstract: In this article, we advocate the adoption of ‘more temporal and processual characters’ to understand contemporary community governance in China. We show that communities in China are seen both as producing moral problems and as being the solutions to these problems. Furthermore, we argue that the establishment of the moral clinic provides an alternative to neoliberal ways of self-governance. In the article, we present moral clinics as a new form of community self-governance whose aim is to achieve a complex balance between various conflicts in the context of China’s unprecedented urbanisation in the name of governing for and through community harmony. Through examining the establishment of moral clinics, we expose how the relationship between the moral ‘hospitalisation’ of society and the socialisation of individuals can be understood in new ways. We argue that the institutionalisation of this ‘moral work’ is a strategy based on old techniques of Chinese traditional medicine that are being enhanced by modern organisational settings. In addition, we examine the micropolitics of the moral clinic through exposing the power relations behind its structural design, and especially its links with the state.
摘要：在本文中，我们主张采用“较为暂时性和过程性的特征”来理解当代中国的社区治理。我们表明，中国的社区既被视为产生道德问题，也被视为这些问题的解决方案。此外，我们认为道德诊所的建立为新自由主义的自治方式提供了一种选择。在这篇文章中，我们将道德诊所作为一种新的社区自治形式，其目的是在中国前所未有的城市化背景下，以治理为名，通过社区和谐实现各种冲突之间的复杂平衡。通过考察道德诊所的建立，我们揭示了如何以新的方式理解社会的道德“住院”和个人的社会化之间的关系。我们认为，这种“道德工作”的制度化是一种基于中国传统医学古老技术的策略，而这些古老技术被现代组织架构所强化。此外，我们通过揭示道德诊所结构设计背后的权力关系，尤其是它与国家的联系，来审视道德诊所的微观政治。
Keywords: agglomeration/urbanisation, Chinese traditional medicine, community, governance, local government, moral clinics, public space
关键词：集聚/城市化, 中医药, 社区, 治理, 地方政府, 道德诊所, 公共空间
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020940640
Emerging problematics of deregulating the urban: The case of permitted development in England
放松城市管制的新问题：以英格兰的许可开发为案例
Jessica Ferm (英国伦敦大学学院）
Ben Clifford (英国伦敦大学学院）
Patricia Canelas (英国伦敦大学学院）
Nicola Livingstone (英国伦敦大学学院）
首次出版时间：2020/7/22｜研究论文
Abstract: Urban planning systems, processes and regulations are often blamed – by many mainstream economists – for constraining the supply of housing by interfering with the efficient allocation of land by the market and unnecessarily delaying development. In England, this orthodox view has influenced the government’s deregulatory planning reforms, including – since 2013 – the removal of the requirement for developers to apply for planning permission for the conversion of an office building to a residential one (making it ‘permitted development’). Drawing on original empirical research in five local authority areas in England, this article examines the impacts of this deregulation of planning control on the ground. We find that, although more housing units have been delivered than were expected, a focus on housing numbers is eclipsing problems of housing quality, the type of housing being made available and whether it is in sustainable locations. There are also costs of deregulating planning, including direct financial costs and the lost opportunity to secure affordable housing and public infrastructure through planning gain. We conclude by examining the contradictions in the UK government’s approach to addressing the housing crisis and propose there are dangers of deregulating the urban that have consequences for England and other countries pursuing neoliberal reforms.
摘要：许多主流经济学家经常指责城市规划制度、流程和法规，主张其通过干预市场对土地的有效分配、以及不必要地拖延发展限制了住房供应。在英国，这种正统观点影响了政府放松管制的规划改革，包括自2013年以来取消了一项要求，即，为了将办公楼改造为住宅，开发商无需再申请规划许可使之成为“许可的开发”。本文基于对英国五个地方自治体地区的原始实证研究，考察这种放松规划控制的实地影响。我们发现，尽管交付的住房数量超过了预期，但对住房数量的关注掩盖了住房质量、提供的住房类型以及是否在可持续的地点等问题。放松规划控制也有成本，包括直接的财务成本和失去通过规划收益获得经济适用房和公共基础设施的机会。最后，我们审视了英国政府解决住房危机的方法中的矛盾，并提出放松城市监管的危险会给英国和其他追求新自由主义改革的国家带来后果。
Keywords: change of use, deregulation, housing, permitted development, planning
关键词：改变用途, 放松管制, 住房, 许可开发, 规划
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020936966
Urban volumetrics: From vertical to volumetric urbanisation and its extensions to empirical morphological analysis
城市容积：从垂直城市化到容积城市化及其向形态实证分析的延伸
Gerhard JB Bruyns （香港浸会大学）
Christopher D Higgins U（加拿大多伦多大学士嘉堡分校）
Darren H Nel（香港浸会大学）
首次出版时间：2020/7/24｜研究论文
Abstract: While cities have become gradually more vertical and complex over the past century, our methods for conceptualising their characteristics and measuring their forms and functions are still largely based in a horizontal mindset. Recent work has sought to shift urban discourse towards understanding cities according to their volumetric properties. Moving the debate further, this paper approaches volumetric urbanism from a morphological perspective, setting out aresearch agenda that operationalises the concept as a means of better capturing the morphological characteristics of cities as volumetric entities. First, we deconstruct volumetric urbanism into the five basic building blocks that define volumetric morphologies: density, functional mix, compaction and compression, complex networks and interaction intensity. Next, we propose two methods for capturing the urban volumetrics of cities based on spatial and network interaction and apply them to a hypothetical case and a preliminary study of Hong Kong. We conclude by arguing that a volumetric approach is required to capture the complex form of compressed, multi-layered and highly connected cities. In response, urban morphological and planning discourses must move away from the horizontal analytical mindset, embrace a multi-layered three-dimensional view of cities and place greater emphasis on spatial configurations and network relations by measuring interaction.
摘要：尽管在过去的一个世纪里城市逐渐变得更加垂直和复杂，但我们对城市特征的概念化以及对城市形式和功能的测量方法仍然主要基于横向思维。最近的研究试图将城市话语转向根据城市的容积属性来理解城市。为了进一步推进这方面的讨论，本文从形态学的角度探讨了容积城市化，并提出了一个研究议程，将这一概念作为更好地捕捉城市作为容积实体的形态特征的一种手段。首先，我们将容积城市化解构为定义容积形态的五个基本组成部分：密度、功能组合、紧凑和压缩、复杂网络和互动强度。接下来，我们提出了两种基于空间和网络互动的城市容积测量方法，并将其应用于一个假设案例和对香港的初步研究。我们的结论是，需要一种容积方法来捕捉压缩的、多层的和高度连接的城市的复杂形式。作为回应，城市形态和规划论述必须摆脱横向分析思维模式，采用多层三维视角观察城市，并测量互动以更多地突出空间配置和网络关系。
Keywords: network analysis, spatial analysis, urban form, urban morphology, urban volumetrics
关键词：网络分析, 空间分析, 城市形式, 城市形态, 城市容积
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020936970
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