期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(57-60)

Urban Studies 国际城市规划 2023-11-10

为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。

Neighbourhood effects in cross-Atlantic perspective: A longitudinal analysis of impacts on intergenerational mobility in the USA and Germany

跨大西洋视角下的邻里效应：美国和德国代际流动影响的纵向分析

Junia Howell（美国匹兹堡大学）

首次出版时间：2018/10/24｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract: Research in the USA provides evidence that neighbourhood conditions affect intergenerational mobility. However, what remains unclear is the extent to which the US context is unique in producing this influence. To examine this question, the present study directly compares neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility in the USA versus those in Germany – a country whose housing market and social welfare policies differ significantly from those in the USA. Results provide a blueprint for conducting cross-national neighbourhood effects studies and illuminate how the nature and severity of neighbourhood effects are nationally specific. These findings underscore the importance of considering how broader political contexts shape neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility – a consideration that has implications for proposed policy interventions.

摘要：美国的研究证明，社区条件会影响代际流动性。然而，尚不清楚的是，美国背景在产生这种影响方面的独特程度。为了探讨这个问题，本次研究直接比较了美国的社区条件对代际流动性的影响与德国的此种影响，因为德国的住房市场和社会福利政策与美国的差别很大。结果提供了进行跨国社区影响研究的蓝图，并阐明了社区效应的性质和严重程度是因国家而异的。这些研究结果强调了考虑更广泛的政治背景如何影响社区对代际流动性的影响的重要性——这一考虑对拟议的政策干预而言是有意义的。

Keywords: cross-national comparison, Germany, income mobility, neighbourhood effects, USA

关键词：跨国比较, 德国, 收入流动性, 社区效应, 美国

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798731

Inter-generational housing inequalities: ‘Baby Boomers’ versus the ‘Millennials’

代际住房不平等：“婴儿潮一代”与“千禧一代”

Jennifer Hoolachan（英国卡迪夫大学）

Kim McKee（英国圣安德鲁斯大学）

首次出版时间：2018/7/3｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract: In contrast to the post-war period, the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the UK have been characterised by the advancement of neoliberal policies including privatisation of the housing system and employment casualisation. Consequently, there are growing socioeconomic inequalities between those born in the post-war period – the ‘Baby Boomers’ – and the younger generation – the ‘Millennials’. Such inequalities have led to narratives of inter-generational conflict with Baby Boomers framed as jeopardising the futures of Millennials. Drawing on Mannheim’s theory of social generations, the concept of generational habitus and qualitative data from 49 Baby Boomers and 62 Millennials, we unpack the ways in which inter-generational inequalities are intersubjectively understood and discussed. Our data indicate that while young people are aware of inter-generational inequalities, they do not feel resentful towards their parents’ generation for profiting at their expense. Instead, many blame the government for not representing their interests. Thus, narratives of inter-generational conflict misleadingly direct blame towards the agency of Baby Boomers rather than political structures.

摘要：与战后时期相比，英国20世纪末和21世纪初的特点是新自由主义政策的推进，包括住房系统私有化和就业临时化。结果，战后出生的人群（即“婴儿潮世代”）与年轻的一代（“千禧世代”）之间的社会经济不平等现象日益严重。这种不平等导致了一种代际冲突的叙述，认为婴儿潮世代危及千禧世代的未来。基于曼海姆的“社会世代理论”、世代习惯的概念、以及49名婴儿潮世代和62名千禧世代的定性数据，我们解析了代际不平等是如何被跨主体理解和讨论的。我们的数据表明，虽然年轻人意识到代际之间的不平等，但他们并不因为自己父母那一带侵蚀自己的利益而感到不满。相反，很多人责怪政府没有代表他们的利益。因此，代际冲突的叙述误导性地将责任归咎于婴儿潮世代而不是政治结构。

Keywords: Baby Boom, generation, generational habitus, housing, Millennial, youth

关键词：婴儿潮, 世代, 世代习惯, 住房, 千禧年, 年轻人

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018775363

Land in urban debates: Unpacking the grab–development dichotomy

城市辩论中的土地：探讨土地掠夺与发展的二元对立

Femkevan Noorloos（乌特勒支大学）

Christien Klaufus（阿姆斯特丹大学）

Griet Steel（乌特勒支大学）

首次出版时间：2018/9/11｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract: On the heels of the rural ‘land grab’ debate, the ongoing urban transition combined with large-scale urban infrastructure investments and land scarcity forces us to also pay more attention to issues of land in urban discussions. Yet how can we conceptualise land-related problems in order to connect and integrate rural and urban debates in overarching discussions of development? In this commentary, we argue for moving beyond the directly visible outcomes and presumed ‘culprits’ of land investments by critically analysing indirect and long-term effects of land acquisitions on people’s livelihoods as well as the differentiation of these effects for different actors. We propose three specific arguments to disentangle the grab–development dichotomy: 1) placing a focus on the sequential chain of effects of displacement; 2) paying more attention to the ambivalent roles and contradictory interests of different actors; and 3) taking the three-dimensional aspects of land development into account.

摘要：在农村“抢地”争论之后，正在进行的城市转型与大规模的城市基础设施投资和土地稀缺相结合，迫使我们在有关城市的讨论中更加关注土地问题。然而，我们如何将与土地有关的问题概念化，以便将农村和城市的辩论联系起来，并将两者整合到关于发展的总体讨论中呢？在这篇评论中，我们主张批判性地分析土地征用对人们生计的间接和长期影响，以及对不同参与者而言此等影响的区别，从而超越直接可见的结果以及一般人想当然地认为的土地投资的“罪恶”。我们提出了三个具体的论点，来解开“抢地-发展”的二分法迷思：1）把重点放在拆迁的连续影响链上；2）更加关注不同参与者的矛盾角色和矛盾利益；3）考虑土地开发的三个维度。

Keywords: development, displacement, exclusion, gentrification, land grab, land investments, land use, poverty, redevelopment, regeneration

关键词：发展, 拆迁, 排斥, 绅士化, 抢地, 土地投资, 土地使用, 贫困, 再开发, 再生

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018789019

Global expertise, local convincing power: Management consultants and preserving the entrepreneurial city

全球专家，本地说服力：管理顾问和维护企业家城市

Anne Vogelpoh（汉堡大学）

首次出版时间：2018/6/11｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract: The advice of management consultancies on urban policy is particularly influential in moments of crisis involving entrepreneurial principles. As global experts, management consultants appear as appropriate assistants for steering growth-oriented, competitive urban development. In order to show how consultants turn the urban into an entrepreneurial project to be managed, I discuss the literature on urban policy and consultants then examine the activities of private management consultancies in six German cities. Empirically, I first explore the specificities of urban policy advice given by globally operating consultancies (their methodological approach and the projectisation of the urban; global networks and comparative–competitive thinking; fast databases; reputation; externality). Second, I critically reflect on how the consultants’ advice is fundamentally reshaped by localactors in the process of policy making (through participation, appropriation, slowdown and politicisation). The paper thus critically evaluates the rise of expertise–policy relations and calls attention to mechanisms for patching the fractures of the entrepreneurial city.

摘要：在涉及“企业家原则”的危机时刻，管理咨询机构对城市政策的建议尤其具有影响力。作为全球专家，管理顾问似乎是适当的助手，可以指导实现以增长为导向、具有竞争力的城市发展。为了说明顾问如何将城市变成一个“企业家项目”来管理，我会讨论关于城市政策和顾问的文献，然后研究私人管理咨询公司在六个德国城市的活动。从实证的角度，我首先探讨了跨国咨询公司提供的城市政策建议的特征（其系统方法和城市项目化、全球网络和比较竞争思维、快速数据库、声誉、外部性）。其次，我批判性地思考了在政策制定过程中（通过参与、拨款、放缓和政治化），咨询顾问的建议是如何从根本上被当地参与者重塑的。在此基础上，本文批判性地评估了“专家—政策”关系的兴起，并呼吁关注如何建立一系列机制，修补“城市企业化”造成的割裂。

Keywords: comparative urban studies, globalisation, governance, local government, management consultants, policy

关键词：比较城市研究, 全球化, 治理, 地方政府, 管理顾问, 政策

原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018768490

以上内容源自

Urban Studies 论文快递：第五十七期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第五十八期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第五十九期

Urban Studies 论文快递：第六十期

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