为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。Temporary use of space: Urban processes between flexibility, opportunity and precarity空间的临时利用：介于灵活性、机遇与不稳定之间的城市过程Ali Madanipour（纽卡斯尔大学，英国）Abstract: The temporary use of privately-owned, empty space has been advocated by some as economically sensible and socially progressive, making use of unproductive and empty spaces by providing access to space for those who are otherwise unable to obtain it. The article critically examines this concept, arguing that the temporary use of space should be analysed as part of the urban development process with its temporal and spatial fluctuations and its multivalent outcomes. It investigates the production of empty space and the temporary use of space as a space of opportunity and a flexible method of production. By drawing on the case of Chesterfield House in London, in the context of the British response to the global financial crisis, the temporary use of space is shown to be a moment in a complex process, offering some opportunities, but also revealing the brevity of this moment and the precarity of its users. Beyond the realm of necessity, it may be transformed into a cultural choice, a lubricant of urban development and a medium of social change, signifying a space of opportunity for some and vulnerability for others.
摘要：一些人认为，临时使用私人拥有的空置空间，通过利用无生产力的空白空间为那些流离失所的人提供空间，在经济层面是敏锐的，在社会层面是进步的。文章批判性地研究了这个概念，认为空间的临时使用应该作为城市发展过程的一部分进行分析，兼顾其时间和空间结果以及多价值结果。文章调查了空置空间的生产和作为机会空间和灵活生产方法的临时使用。通过借鉴伦敦切斯特菲尔德之家的案例，我们展示，在英国应对全球金融危机的背景下，空间的临时使用成为一个复杂过程中的重要时刻，提供了一些机会。同时本文也揭示了这一时刻的短暂以及用户的不稳定性。在必然性领域之外，空间的临时使用对一些人意味着机会，而对另一些人而言则揭示了脆弱，因此它可能变成一种文化选择、城市发展的润滑剂和社会变革的媒介。Keywords: flexibility, opportunity, precarity, spatialproduction, temporary urbanism关键词：灵活性, 机遇, 不稳定, 空间生产, 临时都市主义全文免费阅读和下载通道：
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0042098017705546
The data-technology nexus in South African secondary cities: The challenges to smart governanceAbstract: This article focuses on two critical and intersecting issues on the global urban agenda: the growing importance of secondary cities in urban development policies, and the proliferation of digital technologies and data to support smart urban governance. This article contends that smart governance is a critical factor in urban technological transformation processes. Smart governance aims at improving urban management through enhanced data-informed decision-making and the commensurate inclusion and participation of civicactors in this process. Drawing on interviews with administrators in three South African secondary cities, the analysis highlights the complex challenges that limit the effective inculcation of smart governance practices in these cities. It focuses specifically on the strategic, organisational and political challenges of municipal administrations, and the obstacles to effective interaction between key actors in developing an effective municipal data-technology ecosystem. In doing so, this article contributes new insights into enhanced governance practices in smartening secondary cities; it initiatesa critical inquiry on the uneven ways these small, less resourced and socio-economically contentious cities negotiate complex social, administrative and political dynamics in incipient processes of urban smartening.摘要：本文重点讨论全球城市议程上两个关键且交叉的问题：二线城市在城市发展政策中占据日益重要的地位，支持智慧城市治理的数字技术和数据出现激增。本文认为，智慧治理是城市技术型转型进程中的一个关键因素。智慧治理旨在通过加强基于数据的周密决策以及让公民事务行动者以相称的方式参与决策过程来改善城市管理。根据对南非三座二线城市行政人员的访谈，本文展开分析，强调了限制在这些城市有效贯彻智慧治理做法的复杂难题。文章侧重分析市政当局面临的战略、组织和政治难题，以及关键行动者在建设高效的城市数据技术生态系统方面开展有效互动所面临的障碍。由此，本文提供了关于二线城市智慧化进程中加强型治理实践的新见解；文章也率先开启了一项批判式审视，审视这些资源较少、社会经济争议较多的小城市在城市智慧化进程初期调解复杂的社会、行政和政治机制的不均衡方式。Keywords: data, secondary cities, smart cities, smart governance, South Africa关键词：数据, 二线城市, 智慧城市, 智慧治理, 南非原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019896974What’s so special about character?Mario A. Fernandez（奥克兰议会，新西兰）Shane L. Martin（奥克兰议会，新西兰）Abstract: Special Character Areas (SCAs) in Auckland, New Zealand, are areas with distinctive aesthetic, physical and visual qualities. Preservation policies entail controls on the design and appearance of new buildings, and on demolition, additions and alterations to existing buildings. To promote densification of the city, the Auckland Unitary Plan (AUP) removed SCA preservation rules in certain areas. This article assesses the trade-off between SCA preservation and housing development. We employ hedonic prices models to about 85,000 sale transactions between 2012 and 2016 and find that in 2012, the SCA price premium was 11.4% whereas the premium on upzoned properties (those with increased development allowances under the AUP) was zero. Over time, the SCA premium decreases, and by 2016 it was down to about 4.3%. At the same time, upzoning premiums increased to about 5% in 2016. These results reveal a demand shift from the protections of SCA towards flexibility on the development options of land.摘要：新西兰奥克兰的特色区（SCA）是具有独特美学、物理和视觉品质的区域。保护政策要求控制新建筑的设计和外观，以及现有建筑的拆除、扩建和改建。为了促进城市的密集化，奥克兰统一规划（AUP）取消了某些区域的SCA保护规定。本文研究SCA保护与住房开发之间的利弊权衡。通过将享乐价格模型应用于2012年至2016年期间的约85,000笔销售交易，我们发现2012年SCA的溢价比例为11.4%，而分区提升的房地产（在AUP下提升了开发许可）的溢价为零。随着时间的推移，SCA溢价有所下降，到2016年降至4.3%左右。与此同时，2016年，分区提升溢价上升至5%左右。这些结果表明了需求的转变，即从保护SCA转向土地开发选择的灵活性。Keywords: builtenvironment, economic processes, land use, planning, policy, special character areas, substitutability
关键词：建筑环境, 经济过程, 土地使用, 规划, 政策, 特色区域, 可替代性原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019895774Informal urbanism and the Internet of Things: Reliability, trust and the reconfiguration of infrastructure非正规城市化与物联网：可靠性，信任和基础设施的重新配置
Joseph Chambers（曼切斯特大学，英国）Abstract: Of the build out of humanity predicted up to the end of the century, a substantial portion will occur within informal urban settlements – areas characterised by poor access to infrastructure and services. There is a pressing need to better understand how and with what implications the growing proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, as a component of smart urbanism, are being applied to address the challenges ofthese areas. The following paper addresses this research gap, showing how IoT technology is reconfiguring trust within water and energy infrastructures in Nairobi. We apply work on informal urban infrastructures and smart urbanism to three case studies, producing novel insights into how IoT technologies reconfigure connections between users, providers and infrastructures. This reconfiguration of trust smooths chronic infrastructural uncertainties and generates reliability within informal settlements and, in doing so, leads to increased personal economies. We conclude by considering how these examples provide insights into the implications of IoT for everyday urbanisms in informal settlements and how these insights relate to global smart city debates more widely.摘要：世纪末预测的人类建筑中的很大一部分将位于非正规城市住区，这些区域的特点是基础设施和服务的匮乏。我们迫切需要更好地理解的是，作为智慧城市化的一个组成部分，物联网技术的增长和普及如何被用于应对这些区域面临的挑战，以及由此产生了哪些影响。本文展示了物联网技术如何在内罗毕的水和能源基础设施供应中重新配置信任，从而解决了这一研究空白。我们将关于非正规城市基础设施和智慧城市化的研究应用于三个案例，对物联网技术如何重新配置用户、提供商和基础设施之间的关系提出了新的见解。信任的这种重新配置缓解了长期的基础设施不确定性，并在非正规住区中产生了可靠性，从而增加了个人经济效用。最后，我们探讨这些例子在物联网对非正规住区的日常城市生活的影响方面带来的启示，以及这些启示与更广泛的全球智慧城市辩论之间的联系。 Keywords: informality, smart urbanism, Internet of Things, infrastructure, Africa关键词：非正规性, 智慧城市化, 物联网, 基础设施, 非洲原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019890798Urban Studies 2020年第一季度Editors’ Featured Articles
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