AJARE | 王金霞 等：中国40年的灌溉发展和改革【转】
Wang Jinxia, Zhu Yunyun, Sun Tianhe, Huang Jikun, Zhang Lijuan, Guan Baozhu,Huang Qiuqiong. Forty years of irrigation development and reform in China[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2019
摘要简单翻译：
本研究回顾了中国40年的灌溉发展，包括灌溉管理的制度和激励结构的转变。在20世纪70年代的农村改革之后，灌溉投资放缓到20世纪90年代末。在华北地区，农民成为地下水灌溉的主要投资者，导致产权将管井从集体所有权转移到私人所有权。尽管种植模式，农民收入和地下水市场的发展产生了积极影响，但私有化加速了地下水位的恶化。自20世纪90年代中期以来，水用户协会取代了村集体地面灌溉管理。大多数省份在2001年初采用了这种方法，结果好坏参半;只有节水激励机制才能实现高效灌溉。政府正在改革水价政策，为农民提供节水奖励，同时不损害他们的收入。虽然中国一直关注水权和市场，尽管有法规和试点项目，但水权的全面实施进展缓慢。研究表明，扩大灌溉技术的政策范围更广，从而为农村地区带来真正的节水。鉴于水资源短缺和对粮食安全的关注带来的压力，预计将进一步有效地改革灌溉和政策激励措施。政府还启动了一些解决问题的试点项目
Abstract
This study reviews 40 years of irrigation development in China including the transformation of the institutional and incentive structures in irrigation management. After rural reforms in the 1970s, irrigation investments slowed until the late 1990s. In North China, farmers became major investors in groundwater irrigation, leading to property rights’ transfer of tube wells from collective to private ownership. Despite positive effects in cropping patterns, farmer income and development of groundwater markets, privatisation has accelerated groundwater table deterioration. Since the middle of 1990s, Water User Associations have replaced village collective management of surface irrigation. This approach was adopted by most provinces by early 2001 with mixed results; only institutions with water‐saving incentives realised efficient irrigation. The Government is reforming water price policies to provide water‐saving incentives to farmers while not hurting their income. While China has focused on water rights and markets, and despite regulations and pilot projects, full implementation of water rights has been slow. Research reveals greater policy scope for expanding irrigation technologies that generate real water saving to rural areas. Given pressure associated with water scarcity and concern for food security, further effective reforms in irrigation and policy incentives are expected. The Government has also initiated some pilot projects to resolve increasing water scarcity problems through adjusting agricultural production activities.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12334
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