刊讯｜《中国语文通讯》2023年第1期

《中國語文通訊》

2023年第1期 

    《中国语文通讯》（ISSSN 1726-9245）于1989年创刊，由香港中文大学中国文化研究所吴多泰中国语文研究中心出版。自2012年起，《中国语文通讯》由季刊改为半年刊。《中国语文通讯》2023年第1期发8篇文章，涉及香港粤语、是非疑问词、语体词汇、语体语法、广州话、法定语文等。欢迎转发扩散！

    往期推荐：

目  录  

本期话题

18 20 世紀中期以後香港粵語非疑問句助詞“呢”的功能演變——基於有聲語料庫的考察/陳秀婷

36 粵語音系變異認受性分層及其理據/粵音朗讀試工作組; 香港語言學學會

46 語體缺位與詞彙更替——以香港粵語表人名詞為例/ 陳遠秀

64 廣州話“過”的四種體標記用法 / 黃彥凱; 張和友

80 Preverbal Dak1 in Cantones/Wilson Lui

100 Cantonese Sentence-final Particles Pertaining to the TP Domain / Siu-Pong Cheng

112 An Attempt to Differentiate Two Epistemic SFPs in Hong Kong Cantonese/ Ka Fai Law

130 論粵語在香港法律中的地位/許名瀚

132 後記

提  要  

20 世紀中期以後香港粵語非疑問句助詞“呢”的功能演變——基於有聲語料庫的考察

陳秀婷    

中國人民大學

香港城市大學

摘  要：與普通話相比，粵語的助詞“呢”還沒有發展出時體特徵和獨立表語氣的功能，保留了宋以前助詞“聻”的主要功能。20 世紀中期以後香港粵語非疑問句的句中助詞“呢”標示話題或非核心小句，連接背景與前景信息；而句末助詞“呢”主要表達情態與語氣，其語用功能主要由語境或副詞的情態決定。20 世紀中期以後助詞“呢”經歷了語音、語義、句法上的變化。同時兩性在各類型的使用差異顯著減少。关键词：是非疑問句  助詞“呢”  20 世紀中期以後  香港粵語  語法特點

粵語音系變異認受性分層及其理據

粵音朗讀試工作組

香港語言學學會

摘  要：汉语国际教育专业本科毕业论文选题的总体情况可以在粵語在音段方面的音系變異，學術文獻和一般講論經常提及的有六種，分別是舌根韻尾齦化 (-2)、脣化舌根塞音非脣化 (-1)、ŋ 聲母零化 (+1)、n 聲母邊音化 (+2)、非虛語素零聲母ŋ 化 (+3)、成韻鼻音雙脣化 (+4)。本文是本小組對有關問題多年思考、分析、討論、實踐結果的學術報告，對它們的認受性自低至高作出線性排列，用“-2”至“+4”來標示並列序，以正負值來劃分接受與否，並詳細交代如此排列和劃分的理據。

关键词：粵語  音系  變異  認受性  音段

語體缺位與詞彙更替——以香港粵語表人名詞為例

陳遠秀

香港浸會大學

摘  要：本文以語體語法為理論框架，旨在證明近義詞的產生和發展源於語體缺位。文章以近年香港粵語的表人名詞為例，探討近義詞和其相應的語體詞彙的三種情況，即（一）語體完備，詞彙穩定；（二）語體混雜，新詞無法流行；（三）語體缺位，新詞產生，藉以支持詞彙具有語體屬性以及語體缺位導致詞彙更替等觀點。

关键词：近義詞  語體詞彙  語體缺位  語體語法

廣州話“過”的四種體標記用法

黃彥凱  張和友

北京師範大學

摘  要：廣州話的“過”有四種體標記用法。其中，表動作完成的“過 1”、表曾經經歷的“過 2”以及表動作即將進行的“過 3”可統一分析為經歷體。“過 4”表動作重新進行，可稱之為重行體。除了修正重行的用法，“過 4”還有非修正重行的用法，並且這兩種用法在使用頻率、使用範圍以及與謂詞的搭配情況上都存在著不對稱性。綜合“過”在粵語及漢民族共同語中的歷時使用情況，可以構擬出“過”從動作動詞演變為四種體標記的語法化路徑。

关键词：  廣州話  “過”  經歷體  重行體  語法

Preverbal Dak1 in Cantones

Wilson Lui

University of Oxford　

摘　要：This paper first considers and evaluates the previous literature which analysed preverbal dak1 in Cantonese as a verb that selects a focalised nominal and a complement. It then improves  the proposal by considering another analysis of preverbal dak1 as a focus marker that restricts  the quantity of a grammatical function selected from within the sentence, meaning ‘only’ or ‘only have’, while at the same time bringing attention to or emphasising the quantified phrase. This paper further investigates the function and quantification scope of preverbal dak1. By incorporating the Quantification Accessibility Hierarchy for Affixal Quantifiers which was previously applied to postverbal dak1, this paper argues that the quantification scope of preverbal dak1 is consistent with postverbal dak1. Moreover, in situations where a postverbal dak1 construction may have ambiguous interpretations between the modal reading of ‘can’ and the  restrictive focus reading of ‘only’ or ‘only have’, the corresponding preverbal dak1 construction always forces the restrictive focus reading. Overall, this paper shows that there is a constant form and function of preverbal dak1 as a focus marker.

关键词：dak1  focus   focus marker  quantification accessibility   quantifie

Cantonese Sentence-final Particles Pertaining to the TP Domain

Siu-Pong Cheng

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

摘　要：Current studies on Cantonese sentence-final particles (SFPs) are mainly tied to the outmost CP domain. They overshadow earlier attempts to identify SFPs in the lower TP domain. This paper aims to revive the discussions by broadening the candidacy of Cantonese SFPs in this domain. New SFPs might be added to this family. They include gam3zai6, mat1zai6, ge3waa6(2), gam2, gam2joeng2 and ge3. An overriding issue is to determine how these SFPs are connected with the nature of the TP domain. In this regard, this paper endeavors to apply the insights from previous scholars and suggests that there is a strong connection between possible worlds and time. A “second” Reference Time is proposed, which allows the possible worlds to arise. Therefore, such items as approximatives and counterfactuals can be construed as temporals in that they involve possible world semantics, initiated by this second Reference Time. Cantonese SFP ge3, which seems to be free of temporal characteristics, is also shown to be a temporal in the same way as an approximative SFP is shown to be temporally related. As Cantonese is rich in SFPs, this paper is a preliminary exploration of the Cantonese SFPs of the TP domain, which allows further investigations of the split-TP approach in connection with Cantones.

关键词：possible world semantics  modality  reference time  TP   sentence-final particle

An Attempt to Differentiate Two Epistemic SFPs in Hong Kong Cantonese

Ka Fai Law

The Ohio State University

摘　要： Cantonese has a rich inventory of sentence-final particles (SFPs). Studies of Cantonese SFPs have been a heated topic in the last several decades. Although scholars have studied their linguistic features in various aspects, there are still gaps to be bridged. For example, linguists have claimed that the SFPs ge3 and laak3 denote certainty or epistemic modality. However, whether they are interchangeable in a sentence and whether they convey the same sense of certainty have not yet been discussed. This study attempts to differentiate between ge3 and laak3 concerning their sense of certainty through discourse analysis. The findings suggest that the context where ge3 is used reflects the speaker’s prior knowledge whereas the context where laak3 is employed emphasizes the current state of affairs accompanied with senses of a change of state and finality.

关键词：Cantonese  sentence-final particles  prior knowledge   discourse analysis  epistemic modality

探論粵語在香港法律中的地位

許名瀚    香港大學

摘　要：粵語是多數港人的母語，而港人使用粵語口語亦屬基本人權。香港法律將中文定為法定語文，但沒表明粵語口語是否中文的口語表達方式；全國性法律亦只為普通話賦予地位，未有提及粵語及其他漢語方言。究竟粵語在香港法律中有何地位﹖本文先分析《法定語文條例》的立法原意及歷年的修訂，再闡述法院在判例中對該條例的理解，探討《法定語文條例》及法庭判例有否確立粵語的法律地位，並就如何能更佳地保障港人使用粵語之權利略申管見。

关键词：粵語  語言權利  法律解釋  法定語文  程介南案

期刊简介   

    《中国语文通讯》（ISSN 1726-9245）于1989年创刊，由香港中文大学中国文化研究所吴多泰中国语文研究中心出版。自2012年起，《中国语文通讯》由季刊改为半年刊。本刊旨在提供一个研究中国语言学的平台，主要刊载有关汉语语言学及相关研究的最新成果。

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本文来源：《中国语文通讯》

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