性本善|《拉斯维加斯枪击案》：温情于冷酷杀戮中默默涌动

欢迎打开“我与我们的世界”，从此，让我们一起“纵览世界之风云变幻、洞察社会之脉搏律动、感受个体之生活命运、挖掘自然之点滴奥妙”。

我与我们的世界，既是一个“奋斗”的世界，也是一个“思考”的世界。奋而不思则罔，思而不奋则殆。这个世界，你大，它就大；你小，它就小。

欢迎通过上方公众号名称打开公众号“查看历史信息”来挖掘往期文章，因为，每期都能让你“走近”不一样的世界、带给你不一样的精彩。

本期导读：人性，一般指人的性情，亦可泛指人类才有以区别于其他生物的特性。人性的一种含义指的是作为人应有的正面、积极的品性，比如慈爱、善良，包含所有正义性的人类价值观，以人为本，也包括对“人”个体的尊重，无论国家功能机器还是社会资源对于“人”的不可凌驾性，不走极端路线等。通常所说的“人性”，也指同情心与同理心，是隶属于人性这一定义中的分支。

关于人性的问题，一直是学术上争论不休的一个话题，目前没有一个确切的结论。但是大部分人相信人性的存在，相信这是一种人类的特有标签。现代社会学家认为，世界上只有一个人类，所以只有一种人性。这是不同民族之间能够交流、达成理解的前提。但根据对婴儿反复实验，显示人性是进化的结果，有些人性因素是与生俱来的，但也可以被出生后的记忆和周围事物所改变。

马克思主义虽承认人性的存在，但否认存在普遍抽象的人性，并认为只有从人的社会性和阶级性出发，才能得出对人性的正确解释，并由此断言，在阶级社会中没有超阶级的人性。所以无产阶级有一个人性，资产阶级有另一个人性。这两种人性是不可调和的，只能通过斗争解决。而西方还有谚语说，正因为人性本恶，所以民主是必须的；正因为人性向善，所以民主是可能的。

在中国文化中，对人的本性，大致有四种观点：一是人性本善论，以儒家孟子为代表。《三字经》开篇即为“人之初，性本善，性相近，习相远”。二是人性本恶论，以儒家荀子为代表，有“人之性恶，其善伪也”的论断。三是人性无善无恶论，代表人物为告子，他认为人性无善无不善，“生之谓性”，“食色，性也”。四是人性既善又恶，代表人物是西汉的扬雄，他认为“人之性也，善恶混。修其善则为善人，修其恶则为恶人”。

Las Vegas shootings: Tales of heroism emerge from aftermath

拉斯维加斯枪击事件：灾难中英勇故事涌现

People who laid their bodies on top of others to shield them from gunfire.

有的人，用自己的身体为他人遮挡子弹。

Others who ran back into the path of bullets to help strangers get out.

有的人，不顾危险返回现场帮助陌生人逃生。

Concert-goers who carried the wounded on railings and tables as makeshift gurneys and who started up their own private pickup trucks to bring people to hospitals.

有的人，把栏杆和桌板当成担架抬运受伤人员，有的人，启动自己的私家车把伤者送到医院。

Sunday night's Las Vegas attack was the worst shooting in modern US history, but the tales of heroism coming out of it showcase some of the best of humanity.

拉斯维加斯周日晚上发生的枪击事件，是美国当代历史上最严重的枪击事件，而枪击事件中所涌现的系列英勇事迹，也展示了人性美好的一面。

Shielding others

为他人遮挡子弹

Concert-goer Mike McGarry, who survived, told Reuters news agency that he lay on top of his children when the shots rang out.

去参加音乐会幸免于难的迈克·麦加里向路透社记者说，听到枪声后，他马上用自己的身体护住了孩子。

"They're 20, I'm 53. I lived a good life," he said.

“他们才20岁，而我已经53了，我的生命历程已很美好。”迈克这样说道。

He said people running over him to get away left shoeprints on the back of his shirt.

迈克还说，逃离的人们从他身上踏过，在他的衬衫背部留下了很多脚印。

Similarly, Carly Krieger shielded her young daughter by lying her on the ground and getting on top of her. She told CNN: "Thankfully we were towards the back of everything. There was a seated area back there and quite a few kids back there.

同样，卡莉·克里格也是用她自己的身体护住她年轻的女儿，让女儿躺地上，自己用身体遮护着她。卡莉告诉CNN记者：“幸运的是，我们几乎处在最后面，那边有些座椅，也有不少孩子。”

"Everybody just started yelling get down so I put the baby on the ground and got on top of her.

“听到枪声，每个人都开始高喊快趴下，然后我就把我女儿放在地上，用自己的身体遮护她。”

"Not once did she cry or scream or ask what was going on, so I think she's going to be OK."

“我女儿不止一次地哭喊、尖叫，问我怎么回事，这样，我也就知道她一切安好。”

Kurt Fowler, a firefighter from Arizona, was shot in the leg when shielding his wife and has needed surgery. He will not be able to return to work for months, reports say.

来自亚利桑那州的消防员库尔特·福勒在保护他妻子时腿部中弹，需要动手术，媒体报道说，需要几个月后痊愈了才能返回工作岗位。

And 29-year-old Sonny Melton, of Tennessee, was fatally shot while helping his wife, Heather.

来自田纳西州29岁的桑尼·梅尔顿在保护他妻子希瑟时中弹，伤势严重。

"He grabbed me and started running when I felt him get shot in the back," she told WMV-TV in Nashville.

希瑟向纳什维尔一家电视台记者说，“他一把抓住我，就开始跑，那时我感觉到，他背部中弹。”

"I want everyone to know what a kind-hearted, loving man he was, but at this point, I can barely breathe."

“我想让所有人都知道，他是一个多善良、多值得去爱的男人，但是，现在，我有点激动，无法言说。”

Staying with a friend

与朋友共患难

Mike Cronk told ABC News that his friend Rob next to him was shot in the VIP section near the stage, and they stayed together while Rob put fingers in his own wound to stem the bleeding.

迈克·克朗克告诉美国广播公司记者，与他一起坐在舞台旁贵宾区的一个朋友罗伯不幸中弹，为了止血，罗伯用手指捂住伤口，而迈克和罗伯两人一直彼此陪伴着。

"He was right next to me, and we heard the gunshots go off. I think everybody thought they were fireworks at first. Then my buddy said: 'Hey, I got hit,'" Mr Cronk said.

迈克告诉记者，“他就在我旁边坐着，我们听到了枪响，我觉得所有人当时都认为是烟火，然后我朋友告诉我，‘嘿，我中弹了’。”

"It was very chaotic, but my buddy was shot so there was no way I'm gonna leave him.

“当时很混乱，不过我朋友中弹受伤，我也不会丢下他不管。”

"I know he wouldn't have left me."

“我知道，如果是我中弹受伤，他也不会丢下我不管。”

Later, Mr Cronk and his friend tried to get to a hospital with other victims in a pick-up truck. Roads were closed and they found an ambulance that they transferred the victims in to - but one of them died in Mr Cronk's arms.

随后，迈克和他朋友与其他受伤人员一起搭乘一辆顺风车到了医院。道路都封闭了，他们发现一辆救护车，然后就用那辆救护车把受伤人员送到了医院，不过，去医院的路上，其中一位伤者躺在迈克的怀里，死掉了。

Going back in to help

返回现场舍身营救

Robert Hayes, who works as a firefighter in Los Angeles, got his wife and friends out of the venue and promptly identified himself to the Swat team on site. He told Fox News that he had personally pronounced 20 people dead, working with a medic from the local fire department.

来自洛杉矶的消防员罗伯特·海耶斯把自己的妻子和朋友撤离现场后，又迅速返回现场加入反恐特警队的现场营救工作。罗伯特向福克斯新闻记者说，光他一个人，就确认了20位遇难者，与他一起营救的还有一位来自当地消防部门的一位医护人员。

"It's just something that we do," he said.

“这都是我们该做的”，罗伯特如此说道。

"I wasn't trying to be a hero."

“我不是为了成为英雄。”

Todd Blyleven, a former minor league baseball player, told the Washington Post that once his group of friends were safe, he went back inside to try and help others get out. The paper says he joined a "group of volunteers" and may have helped remove 30 or 40 people from the gunfire. "I just felt like I had to," he said.

曾是棒球运动员的托德·布莱文接受华盛顿邮报记者采访时说，确认他的朋友们没事儿后，他马上返回了现场帮助其他人员逃离。华盛顿邮报报道还说，托德加入了“一群自愿救护人士”，帮助逃离现场的人可能有三四十位。托德表示，“我只是觉得，我必须那样做。”

"I would hope that if I or my family, was in a situation like that, that someone would come in and get me."

“我 49 30797 49 15287 0 0 1358 0 0:00:22 0:00:11 0:00:11 2874 49 30797 49 15287 0 0 1261 0 0:00:24 0:00:12 0:00:12 3593希望，如果我或我的家人碰到了那样的情况，也能有人冲入现场去救护我。”

Lindsay Lee, a tattoo artist, was one of many who used her truck as an ambulance. In one video on Instagram, a man can be heard telling her: "Right now, we need your truck. We just need to get people to the hospital."

纹身艺术工作者林赛·李自己的车，在现场变成了一辆救护车，运送了很多人。社交网站Instagram的一段视频中，可以听到有位男性向林赛呼喊：“现在，我们需要你的车。我们需要把人送到医院。”

She replied: "Okay, go ahead, put them all in the back!"

林赛回应道，“好的，快上来，让他们都坐在后面！”

She wrote that one man had died in the truck and her fiancé had carried him into the hospital.

林赛网络帖文中写道，有位男性就在他的车上死掉了，林赛的未婚夫把那名男性送到了医院。

"This was a nightmare, I've never run for my life like I did tonight," she continued.

“就像噩梦一样，为了逃命，我从没像今晚那样疯狂逃跑”，林赛这样继续说道。

Giving blood

献血长龙

In the early hours of Monday morning, police appealed to people to stay away from Las Vegas Strip even though many wanted to pour in and help. Instead, they asked people to give blood - and hundreds did.

周一上午一大早，很多人想冲入现场提供帮助，但警方呼吁人们远离现场，并向人们发出求助，让人们去献血，然后就有好几百人去献了血。

我为这个城市感到如此自豪。看，献血长龙！

往期精彩：

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