《欧洲、比较与国际环境法评论》| 苏金远、师亚楠：预防措施与巨型星座带来的挑战

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预防措施与巨型星座带来的挑战

The precautionary approach and challenges posed by mega- constellations

苏金远 武汉大学国际法研究所教授

师亚楠 武汉大学法学院博士研究生

【文章来源】

《欧洲、比较与国际环境法评论》（Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law），http://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12559

【内容摘要】

巨型星座的出现和持续部署带来全新挑战，尤其是碰撞风险加剧、空间碎片增加、发射窗口减少、天文观测受干扰。作为形成中的国际习惯法，预防措施对应对这些挑战有重要价值。虽然预防措施在当前外空条约和软法文件中已有所体现，但其全面应用对平衡创新需求和外空可持续利用至关重要。巨型星座运营者应谨记预防措施，并在触发条件满足时履行暂停活动、风险评估、缓解及防范、通知与公开等义务。鉴于巨型星座的部署在未来可能被冻结，频轨资源的公平分配已成为紧迫问题。

The advent and continuing deployment of mega-constellations has brought new challenges, particularly increased risk of collision, proliferation of space debris, reduced numbers of launch windows and obstruction to astronomical observation. The precautionary approach, which is becoming part of customary international law, is instrumental in addressing these challenges. Although precautionary measures are incorporated in international treaties and soft law instruments regarding outer space, a full application of the precautionary approach is necessary to balance the need of innovation and the sustainable use of outer space. To this end, operators of mega-constellations must keep the approach in mind and comply with its substantive obligations once it is triggered, including suspension of activities, risk assessment, mitigation and prevention, and notification and information. The possibility of new deployment of mega-constellation being frozen at some point makes the equitable distribution of satellite orbits and radio frequencies a pressing issue.

武汉大学法学院新媒体中心

编   辑：耿如昀

责   编：盛志琴

审   核：邬明建

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