【111-114】US Reconsidering Legal Program for Detained Immigrants
【111】AS IT IS
US Reconsidering Legal Program for Detained Immigrants
Imer still has pieces of a bullet in his back.
The 43-year-old Mexican immigrant fled the Mexican state of Guerrero more than 20 years ago after he was shot in the back by drug dealers.
Imer asked VOA to use only his first name in this story.
He entered the United States illegally in 1998 and settled in Norristown, Pennsylvania, where he worked in the building trade. Two months ago he was arrested and sent to Pennsylvania’s York County Prison.
“I’ve never committed a crime,” he said, as he began to cry. “Now, I don’t know what’s going to happen to my family if I am deported,” he said.
Imer has two American-born children.
Recently, he was among 12 undocumented immigrants sitting in a small room at the detention center. They gathered around a long table to hear a presentation in Spanish about their legal rights.
Fernanda Castillo explained the legal defenses open to the detainees. Castillo is with a legal aid group called Pennsylvania Immigration Resources, or PIRC.
“Our main goal is to provide them with, what are their rights, what to expect in immigration court, we go through a couple of defenses to see if they are eligible for something,” She also explains how to get out of prison and the rules of voluntary departure.
The U.S. Justice Department indirectly pays for PIRC’s class under the Legal Orientation Program (LOP). Created in 2003, the the program gives detained immigrants some understanding of their rights and possible help under U.S. immigration law.
The Vera Institute of Justice administers the program, which costs $8 million a year. The program is carried out by PIRC and other nonprofit groups in more than 30 detention centers nationwide.
Legal orientation program
The orientation class lasts about an hour.
Castillo explained what the detainees could expect during their first appearance in a U.S. immigration court. Most wanted to know about the possibility of the judge approving their temporary release in exchange for a bail payment and a promise to return to the court at a future date.
“Am I eligible?” Castillo said, was the first question. “We get a lot of voluntary departure questions as well…A lot of people will not know the difference between a voluntary departure and a removal order.”
Voluntary departure means someone may be able to return legally someday, although usually years later. With removal, there is no chance of returning, as Castillo explained to the class.
PIRC gets $200,000 a year for the information classes and one-on-one meetings it holds with detainees at the York County Prison.
PIRC Executive Director Mary Studzinski says the classes have a direct effect on the immigration court process.
“It allows someone when they’re done with that class to have a better sense of whether they have any hope of staying.”
She explained that many illegal immigrants choose voluntary departure once they understand their rights. She said this helps to lower the number of court cases.
This saves the U.S. Treasury Department almost $18 million a year, according to a 2012 Vera Institute study. Last year, an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) report endorsed the program, saying it helps detainees complete their cases faster.
Yet Attorney General Jeff Sessions said he has concerns about it. Earlier this year, he suspended money for the program until there is a review. But reacting to congressional pressure, Sessions later told Senators that financing would continue as the program is reviewed.
The judge’s job
A Justice Department official later told VOA that it is time for a new study. The official said the program tells detainees information that the immigration judge also tells them.
But PIRC’s Studzinski says there is no comparison. While some judges are more methodical than others, “I’ve seen it done in less than five minutes and they certainly don’t take an hour...So if you ask me if a judge’s advisal is the same thing as a legal orientation, I would say no. Do I think advisals are important? Yes, they absolutely should remain in place but they are in no way a substitute for the Legal Orientation Program.”
Studzinski adds that PIRC this year will help 2,600 detainees, a much larger number than two years ago. Many of the new detainees have lived in U.S. communities for 10 or more years and never committed a crime.
Imer is hoping to ask for asylum.
During the recent PIRC orientation class, Imer said he had paid a lawyer $3,000 but had not heard from him in the two months he has been in prison. PIRC later found out the man was not a lawyer. The group is now trying to find a real lawyer for Imer.
I’m Susan Shand.
Bill Rodgers wrote this story for VOANews.com. Susan Shand adapted his report for Learning English. The editor was George Grow.
_______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
commit – v. to carry out
deport – v. to force (a person who is not a citizen) to leave a country; to expel
eligible – adj. able to be chosen for something : able to do or receive something
departure – n. the act of leaving a place
orientation – n. the process of giving people training and information about a new job, situation
bail – n. an amount of money given to a court to allow a prisoner to leave jail and return later for a trial
endorse – v. to publicly or officially say that you support or approve of something
review – n. an examination; a study
according – adv. as stated by or in
【112】AS IT IS
Vietnam Is Following China in its Economic Development
A Rosneft Vietnam employee looks on at the Lan Tay gas platform in the South China Sea off the coast of Vung Tau, Vietnam April 29, 2018. (REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov)
Experts say Vietnam is copying China in its efforts to grow economically and is only about 10 years behind its larger neighbor.
In many ways, the two countries are competitors. But they have built up their state-controlled economies on job creation through factory work for export.
China opened up to foreign investment in 1978. Vietnam got started 10 years later.
Now Vietnam is learning to deal with corruption, traffic problems and the sinking performance of state-operated companies while the country’s middle class grows. Experts say the same issues were all signs of development in China.
Currently, Vietnam’s National Assembly is examining a bill to let the country have three special economic zones. The bill is likely to pass this month.
The Vietnamese website VnExpress International says the zones would offer foreigners who invest in factories tariff exemptions. This would free them from paying taxes required of other investors. The website said the proposal would also guarantee long-term leases for land on which factories are built.
This is similar to what China did in 1979, when it created four zones to increase foreign investment. Now, there are 32 such areas.
Song Seng Wun is an economist with CIMB Private Banking. He said Vietnam seems to be copying from what he called the Chinese Communist Party’s playbook. He added that, “Vietnam has a Communist Party. So I suppose there is that kind of, if China is doing it, we can also perhaps adapt it to Vietnamese conditions.”
Controlled economy and factory work
Ralf Matthaes is the founder of Infocus Mekong Research, an advisory service in Ho Chin Minh City. He told VOA that governments in both China and Vietnam turned to factory work to employ large, uneducated populations.
In the early 2000s, China’s economy heavily depended on factory work, especially for export. It helped drive economic growth about 10 percent every year to 2010. By following a similar path, Vietnam’s economy has expanded at more than six percent a year since 2015.
Like China 10 years ago, Vietnam depends largely on production of low-technology exports, such as furniture and car parts. China is moving up to produce more high-tech products and providing more services.
Companies from Japan, Singapore, South Korea and the West often turn to factories in China and Vietnam to save on labor costs. For investors looking for a less costly country, China has become the “world’s factory,” while some people are calling Vietnam “China+1.”
Matthaes said mass manufacturing is one way to employ a lot of unskilled workers. Although Vietnam looks to Singapore as an economic success story, the greatest model is China, he said.
The trade links between Vietnam and Singapore were growing five years ago. At that time, the Vietnamese ambassador to Singapore called relations between the two countries a model.
Although Vietnam depends on the Chinese economy for trade, it thinks of China as a competitor. The two countries fought a border war in the 1970s and now dispute territorial claims to parts of the South China Sea.
Directing results of fast growth
Observers say China’s population saw results of factory-driven economic growth. They note that such growth is now affecting Vietnam’s economy.
The Boston Consulting Group predicts the number of middle- and upper-class Vietnamese will double between 2014 and 2020. It thinks that number could total about one-third of Vietnam’s current population of 93 million.
In other signs of following China, Vietnamese workers are known for moving from job to job within a few months for higher pay. Traffic is starting to thicken in the financial center Ho Chi Minh City, as it has in China’s major cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, since 2000.
Vietnam’s fight against corruption went public in 2017. It followed China’s anti-corruption campaign, which experts say gained strength in 2012.
Observers say it is now Vietnam’s turn to make its state-owned businesses perform well or be sold off.
Kevin Snowball is the chief executive officer of PXP Vietnam Asset Management in Ho Chi Minh City. He notes that state-owned enterprises are another feature of communist countries. Such businesses heavily influenced the Vietnamese stock exchange from its creation in 2000 through 2005.
Thousands of Vietnam’s state enterprises have been all or partly privatized. China began reforming its state businesses about 20 years ago. It is still pressuring them to change following a drop in profits in 2015.
Snowball told VOA Vietnam established the stock market as a way to sell state assets. Snowball said this is because when the market first opened, almost everything that was listed was state-owned up until the end of 2005.
Snowball said, “The government needs to spend probably 25 billion dollars a year on infrastructure development in order to keep encouraging (foreign direct investment) to come in.” The sale of state assets is providing some of the money for that, he added.
I'm Dorothy Gundy.
AP’s Lisa Marie Pane reported on this story. Xiaotong Zhou adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
_______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
tariff – n. a tax on imports or exports
exemption – n. freedom from having to do something
adapt – v. to change one’s behavior so that it is easier to work or live somewhere
+ - short for the words plus or and
executive – adj. relating to the directing of things
enterprise – n. a business organization, project or activity
asset – n. a valuable person or thing
infrastructure – n. the system of public works in a country or area
encourage – v. to give support or help; to make something more appealing
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【113】 AS IT IS
Koch Foundation Keeps Giving to Universities
FILE - Americans for Prosperity Foundation Chairman David Koch speaks in Orlando, Fla., Aug. 30, 2013.
The Charles Koch Foundation is increasing its donations to colleges and universities.
The Associated Press examined the foundation’s most recent tax records. The study found that the organization gave almost $49 million to more than 250 colleges across the U.S. in 2016. That is almost double its 2015 gift amount.
John Hardin is director of university relations for the Koch Foundation. He said the increase is a result of increasing knowledge of the foundation’s program of giving. He said more professors are requesting money for their research. Hardin also said schools receive more money as their relationships with the foundation grow. So, schools that got gifts of a few thousand dollars five years ago now might receive hundreds of thousands, or millions, of dollars.
Hardin said aid requests cover research in economics, criminal justice and free expression.
George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, a public school, receives more money from the Koch Foundation than any other learning center. In 2016, the organization gave GMU more than $19 million. That amounted to almost 40 percent of the foundation’s total gifts that year.
Critics have questioned whether the Koch Foundation support has affected independent thought and study at the university.
GMU’s president, Angel Cabrera, and other school administrators have repeatedly said the money has not had such an effect.
But, on April 27, Cabrera sent a letter to GMU professors that suggests something different. He wrote of agreements between the foundation and the GMU research center, Mercatus. Cabrera said the agreements permit the Koch Foundation to take part in deciding which professors to hire. The agreements, in his words, “fall short of the standards of academic independence I expect any gift to meet.”
Information about the agreements was released under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act.
The Koch Foundation and GMU have had ties for many years. However, the relationship did not become well-known publicly until 2016, when GMU renamed its law school for conservative Supreme Court Judge Antonin Scalia. It acted after receiving a $10 million gift from the Koch Foundation.
Cabrera now has agreed to reexamine all GMU donor agreements.
George Mason University is just one of many schools that are examining their Koch Foundation money ties. Ralph Wilson is research director for the nonprofit group, unKoch My Campus. He said the Koch Foundation’s activity in higher education “has grown exponentially” over the years. But Wilson said more and more schools are questioning the donations.
At Chapman University in Orange, California, students are questioning the school’s president, Daniele Struppa, about gifts from the Koch Foundation. It gave Chapman $225,000 in 2016 and is to give the school $5 million to build a center for political economy and philosophy.
Struppa is a former official at Mason.
In a statement, Struppa said that Chapman’s agreement with the Koch Foundation is not like Mason’s, adding that the school’s professors have the right to ask the Koch Foundation for money to support their research.
Chapman and the Koch Foundation agreed this week to let a reporter from the student newspaper, The Panther, see the donor agreement and ask questions about it. However, the reporter will not be permitted to take written notes about the agreement’s terms or take any pictures or make copies of it.
At Utah State University, in the town of Logan, a group of professors was asked to oversee a $25 million Koch Foundation gift. The money is to be used to grow the university’s business school and create a Center for Growth and Opportunity.
And at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, professors asked the administration to reject $3.7 million in Koch Foundation money.
Koch Foundation official John Hardin acknowledged that gifts are facing increased examination. He blamed it on a small number of activists who are trying to, in his words, “find ways to harass and try to censor” research.
He said, “We find that deeply troubling.”
He said the foundation will continue to support schools even if some professors and others raise objections.
I’m Susan Shand.
The Associated reported this story. Susan Shand adapted it for VOA Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor.
_____________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
foundation – n. an organization that is created and supported with money that people give in order to do something that helps society
exponentially – adj. very fast
acknowledge - v. to say that you accept or do not deny the truth or existence of something
harass - v. to annoy or bother someone in a constant or repeated way
censor - v. to examine books, movies, letters, etc., in order to remove things that are considered to be offensive, immoral, harmful to society
【114】 AS IT IS
Thai Beach Made Famous in DiCaprio Film Closes to Tourists
In this March 4, 2017, photo, tourists enjoy the popular Maya bay on Phi Phi island, Krabi province. (AP Photo/Rajavi Omanee).
The Thailand beach made famous in the Leonardo DiCaprio film “The Beach” is being closed to give it a break from tourists.
The beach sits on Maya Bay on Phi Phi Leh island, off the coast of Thailand in the Andaman Sea. The government ordered that no visitors will be permitted to go to the bay from June through September 2018.
Thai officials say the decision is aimed at giving the area’s coral reefs and sea life a chance to recover. Tourism officials say up to 5,000 visitors travel to the beach every day.
Thon Thamrongnawasawat is an ocean scientist and member of a government committee on environmental development. He told the Associated Press the closure is needed to help the beach heal.
“It’s like someone who has been working for decades and has never stopped,” he said. “Overworked and tired, all the beauty of the beach is gone. We need a timeout for the beach.”
Maya Bay was used as the main filming area for the 2000 movie “The Beach.” It starred Leonardo DiCaprio as an American traveling through Asia with friends. The group is given a map that promises to lead them to paradise on earth.
-v1-
The film showed the world the bay’s beautiful white sandy beaches and bright blue waters.
Many of Thailand’s ocean national parks are closed from mid-May to mid-October. But high tourist demand led officials to keep Maya Bay open the whole year.
Recent studies by ocean biologists found a large part of coral reefs in the area had disappeared. Most sea life was also gone.
Thon had urged the government to close the area to visitors for many years. He said he thinks the action should have been taken at least 10 years ago. “But you know in Thailand we are a tourism industry country, and we need a lot of money, so before not so many people listened.”
A Thai official in the tourist area of Phuket told Reuters the closing of Maya Bay was one way to protect part of the country’s natural beauty, which will be important for tourism in the future.
But some local people are not completely happy. The head of the Phi Phi Tourist Business Association, Watrapol Jantharo, said he was surprised when the closure was announced.
He said he and others in the area thought Maya Bay would only be closed to boats, while visitors would still be permitted to walk to the beach from the other side of the island.
“We are not against protecting our environment,” Watrapol said. “We know full well that Maya Bay is our important resource, like a rice field to a farmer. But we wish there were more communications about the government’s plan before the decision was made.”
Other Southeast Asian beach resorts have also come under threat because of continued increases in the number of visitors.
In the Philippines, the government began in late April a six-month closure of its popular tourist island of Boracay. The island is known for its soft, white sand beaches and lively nightlife.
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte had called the area around Boracay a “cesspool” because of large amounts of waste going directly into the ocean. “The germ content is already very high there. It only looks good because of the white coastline,” Duterte said.
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from the Associated Press and Reuters. Hai Do was the editor.
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page.
_______________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
tourist – n. a person who travels to a place for pleasure
coral reef – n. a long line of coral that lies in warm, shallow water (coral: a hard material formed on the bottom of the sea by the skeletons of small creatures)
paradise – n. a perfect place or situation
resource – n. natural substances such as water and wood that are valuable in supporting life
cesspool – n. large, underground hole or container used for collecting and storing human waste and dirty water
germ – n. a very small organism that causes disease
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