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到2050年,估计将有100亿人生活在地球上。我们如何在为所有人提供基本需求的同时又避免气候变化的最严重影响?在充满智慧和智慧的演讲中,科学记者查尔斯·C·曼(Charles C. Mann)分解了提议的解决方案,发现答案分为两个阵营,同时他也提供了自己发现的最佳生存之道。
How are we doing? No, no, no, by that, I meant, how are we, homo sapiens "we" ... doing as a species?我们最近过得怎么样?哦不,我的意思是,最近,身为现代人的“我们”...作为一个物种,过得怎么样?
Or choose a measure of consumption: consumption of energy, consumption of fresh water, consumption of the world's photosynthesis, and draw a graph of its value over time. In thesa me way, the line skitters along at a low level for millennia, then rockets up exponentially in the 19th and 20th century.或者以消耗量为单位:消耗了多少能源,用了多少水,消耗了多少光合作用,再画一个随时间变化的曲线。同样,时间线在几千年来还是处于低值,且变化平缓,在19世纪与20世纪以指数方式猛涨。Biologists have a word for this: outbreak. An outbreak is when a population or species exceeds the bounds of natural selection. Natural selection ordinarily keeps populations and species within roughly defined limits. Pests, parasites, lack of resources prevent them from expanding too much. 生物学家对此的解释是:生物爆炸。生物爆炸指的就是一种物种的数量超出了自然界所能承受的范围。通常来说,自然选择在大致范围内控制了人口和物种的数量。害虫,寄生虫,资源缺乏等因素,导致它们无法过度繁殖。
They eat and reproduce, eat and reproduce, until bang, they hit the edge of the petri dish, at which point they either drown in their own waste, starve from lack of resources, or both. The outbreak ends, always, badly.它们不断地摄入与繁殖,直到有一天,它们撑爆了培养皿,只能要么淹没在自己的排泄物中,要么因缺乏营养而饿死,或者两者兼有之。生物爆炸总是以糟糕的方式结束。Now, from the viewpoint of biology, you and I are not fundamentally different than the protozoa in the petri dish. We're not special. All the things that we, in our vanity, think make us different --art, science, technology, and so forth, they don't matter. We're an outbreak species, we're going to hit the edge of the petri dish, simple as that.从生物学的方面来看,你和我比起培养皿中的单细胞生物,并没有什么本质上的区别,我们并不特殊。我们因虚荣心而认为,思想使得我们与众不同,艺术,科技等等,但这些都不重要。我们就是一种生物爆炸的物种,我们就要撑爆我们的培养皿了,就这么简单。
How are we going to do this? How are we going to feed everybody, get water to everybody, provide power to everybody, avoid the worst impacts ofclimate change?要怎么实现呢?我们怎么给每个人足够的食物,足够的水,让每个人保持足够的体力来应对最极端的气候变化?I'm a science journalist, and I've been asking these questions to researchers for years, and in my experience, their answers fall into two broad categories, which I call "wizards" and "prophets." Wizards, techno-whizzes, believe that science and technology, properly applied, will let us produce our way out of our dilemmas. 我是一名科学记者,这些年来我一直在问专家们这些问题,以我的经验看来,他们的回答大体可分为两大类,就是我说的“奇才”和“先知”。奇才,也就是所谓的技术宅,认为恰当地运用科技,会让我们找到摆脱困境的方法。
Wizards envision a world of glittering, hyperefficient megacities surrounded by vast tracts of untouched nature, economies that have transitioned from atoms to bits, dematerialized capitalist societies that no longer depend on exploiting nature. 奇才们认为世界上都是灯火辉煌的,高效率的大城市,被周围广阔的原生态自然所包围着,经济体从实体经济转向数字经济,非物质化的资本主义社会不再依赖于剥削自然。
Energy, to wizards, comes from compact nuclear plants; food from low-footprint farms with ultraproductive, genetically modified crops tended by robots; 在奇才们看来,能源来自于核电站,来自于高生产力的小农场生产的转基因食物,并且这些庄稼都由机器人看管;Water from high-throughput desalination plants, which means we no longer exploit rivers and aquifers. Wizards envision all 10 billion of us packed into ultradense but walk ablemegacities, an urbanized world of maximum human aspiration and maximum human liberty.水源都来自于高流通量的海水淡化工厂,这就意味着我们不再需要利用河流与地下水。这些人假设把我们100亿人,全部塞进一个交通便捷的特大城市,这是一个全人类的美好愿景:高度自由化的超级城市化世界。
Instead, prophets pray for a world of smaller, interconnected communities, closer to the earth, a more agrarian world of maximum human connection and reduced corporate control. 相反地,先知们希望这个世界是一个更小型的,相互关联的社区,与自然相处更和谐,一个全人类紧密相连的农业世界,没有任何商业纷争。More people live in the countryside in this vision, with power provided by neighborhood-scale solar and wind installations that disappear into the background. Prophets don't generate water from giant desalination plants. 在这个愿景中,更多的人居住在乡下,用全社区规模的太阳能与对环境无破坏的风力发电机来提供电力。先知们才不会用淡化工厂来提取水呢。They capture it from rainfall, and they reuse and recycle it endlessly. And the food comes from small-scalenet works of farms that focus on trees and tubers rather than less productive cereals like wheat and rice.他们在降雨中获得水分,并且不断地重复使用和循环利用。食物呢,则有小型的网络型农场,专门栽种树木和薯类,而不是像大米小麦这样产量低的谷物。Above all, though, prophets envision people changing their habits. They don't drive to work, they take their renewable-powered train. They don't take 30-minute hot showers every morning. 最重要的是,先知们希望人们能够改变他们的生活方式。他们不用开车上班,而是乘坐可再生能源列车。他们每天早上不用再花30分钟来洗个热水澡。
Those neighborhood-run solar facilities, they sound great, but they depend on a technology that doesn't exist yet. They're a fantasy. And recycling water? It's a brake on growth and development. Above all, though, wizards object to the prophets'emphas is on wide-scale social engineering, which they see as deeply anti-democratic.那些在社区使用的太阳能装置,听起来还不错,但依赖于一种尚未开发出来的技术手段,完全是痴人说梦。再说循环利用的水,这就是限制社会发展的一颗毒瘤。最重要的是,奇才们反对先知们在大规模社会生产上的观点,他们认为这是完全反民主的。If the history of the last two centuries was one of unbridled growth, the history of the coming century may well be the choice we make as a species between these two paths. 如果过去两个世纪的历史是无节制增长的话,那么下一个世纪的历史很可能是,我们作为一个物种在这两条道路之间做出的选择。These are the arguments that will be resolved, in one way or another, by our children's generation, the generation that will come into the world of 10 billion.这些问题不管怎样,都会被我们的下一代给解决掉,终将成为构成100亿人口的下一代人。Now, but wait, by this point, biologists should be rolling their eyes so loud you can barely hear me speak. They should be saying, all of this, wizards, prophets, it's a pipe dream. It doesn't matter which illusory path you think you're taking. 等会儿,生物学家们现在应该对此嗤之以鼻,它们的反对之声大到你都听不到我说话了。他们铁定会说,所有这些“奇才”,“先知”之类的,都是白日梦。你认为你做的是什么白日梦并不重要。
I mean, we can accumulate and share knowledge and use it to guide our future. Well, are we actually doing this? Is there any evidence that we're actually using our accumulated, shared knowledge to guarantee our long-term prosperity? It's pretty easy to say no.我们可以积累和分享知识,再用知识来引领我们的未来。但我们真的在行动了吗?有什么证据能够证明我们在用我们所积攒的知识,来保证我们长期的繁荣呢?答案显而易见是否定的。If you're a wizard, and you believe that hyperproductive, genetically engineered crops are key to feeding everyone in tomorrow's world, you have to worry that 20 years of scientists demonstrating that they are safe to consume has failed to convince the public to embrace this technology. 如果你站在奇才那边,并且相信高产转基因作物在未来能够保证每个人的温饱的话,那你就不得不担心,20年来科学家一直在证明转基因食物是安全的,却没能够说服公众接受这项技术。If you're a prophet and you believe that key to solving today's growing shortage of fresh water is to stop wasting it, you have to worry that cities around the world, in rich places as well as poor, routinely lose a quarter or more of their water to leaky and contaminated pipes. 如果你是先知的话,你也相信解决如今水资源短缺的唯一关键就是节约用水,那你也不得不担心世界上所有的城市里,不管是富裕还是贫穷的地方,通常都会因为破损和受到污染的管道,浪费掉至少四分之一的水。I mean, CapeTown, just a little while ago, almost ran out of water. Cape Town loses a third of its water to leaky pipes. This problem has been getting worse for decades, and remarkably little has been done about it.举个例子,前阵子开普敦差点就没水用了。开普敦有三分之一的水是因管道漏水而流失的。几十年来这个问题一直在恶化,让人无语的是,人们在这个问题上几乎没有采取任何措施。
And if you're on either side, wizard or prophet, you have to worry that, despite the massive alarm about climate change, the amount of energy generated every year from fossil fuels has gone up by about 30 percent since the beginning of this century.如果你是任意一方,奇才或先知,你得考虑,尽管气候变化的严重预警早已出现,自本世纪初以来,每年从化石燃料中产生的能量增加了约30%。So, still think we're different than the protozoa? Still think we're special? Actually, it's even worse than that.那么,你还认为我们和单细胞动物不一样吗?还觉得我们很特别吗?实际情况其实更加糟糕。We're not in the streets. No seriously, if there's a difference between us and the protozoa, a difference that matters, it's not just our art and science and technology and so forth -- it's that we can yell and scream, we can go out into the streets, and, over time, change the way society works, but we're not doing it. 我们又不是在市区。说真的,如果说我们与单细胞动物之间存在什么差异的话,一个重要的差异并不是我们的艺术和科技等等——而是我们可以走到大街上,我们可以大喊大叫,随着时间的推移,改变了社会的运作方式,但我们并没有。
But in the history of humankind, there has never been a street full of angry protesters waving signs about leaky pipes. In fact, most of the political activity in this sphere has been wizards and prophets fighting each other, protesting each other rather than recognizing that they are, fundamentally, on the same side. 但在人类历史上,从来没有任何一条街挤满了挥舞着写着破旧管道标语的愤怒的抗议者。事实上,在这个领域的大多数政治活动,一直都是奇才们和先知们在相互争斗,相互抗议,而不是承认他们从根本上就是在同一战线的。
Afterall, these people are concerned about the same thing: How are we going to make our way in the world of 10 billion?毕竟,这些人都在关心同一个问题:在100亿人口的世界里,我们将如何生存?The first step towards generating that necessary social movement, creating that critical mass and getting that yelling and screaming going seems obvious: wizards and prophets join together. But how are you going to do this, given the decades of hostility?开始必要的社会运动,创造一种群众效益,并且开始走上街游行的第一步是显而易见的:奇才们与先知们是在同一战线的。但考虑到十几年来的敌意,要如何实现呢?
To me, this leads rather quickly to a vision of plant scientists devoting much more of their attention to tree and tuber crops, which can be much more productive than cereals, use much less water than cereals, and cause much less erosion than cereals.在我看来,植物科学家们很快就会发现他们应该花费更多的精力研究那些比谷物更高产,比谷物更节水,对环境造成的侵蚀更少的作物,像树木和薯类作物。These are just ideas from a random journalist. I'm sure there's a hundred better ones right here in this room. The main point is, wizards and prophets working together have many paths to success. And success would mean much more than mere survival, important though that is. 这些想法都只是来自我这样一个普通人。而我相信在这儿有更多人比我聪明。问题的关键就是,奇才和先知的观点结合起来会使人类走向成功。而成功不仅仅意味着生存,尽管活下来的确很重要。I mean, if humankind somehow survives its own outbreak, if we get food to everybody, get water to everybody, get power to everybody, if we avoid the worst effects of climate change, if we somehow safeguard the biome, it would be amazing. 我是说,如果人类能够挺过来的话,如果我们能有保证每个人都饭吃,有水喝,有电用,要是我们避开气候变化的严重后果的话,要是我们能够保护生物圈的话,那未来就会相当美好。It would say, I think, even to a hardened cynic like me, maybe wereally are special. Thank you.我觉得我会说,即使像我这样冷酷的愤世嫉俗者,都会觉得我们这个物种可能真的有点特别。谢谢大家。Remark:一切权益归TED所有,更多TED相关信息可至官网www.ted.com查询!
声明:除特别注明原创授权转载文章外,其他文章均为转版权归原作者或平台所有。如有侵权,请后台联系,告知删除,谢谢
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【听笛台012】 Bonnie Tyler - Total Eclipse of the Heart (Video)
【听笛台011】Cyndi Lauper-Girls Just Want To Have Fun(Official Video)
【听笛台010】Abba - Dancing Queen (Official Video)
【听笛台009】The Mamas & The Papas - California Dreamin'
【听笛台008】Kansas - Dust in the Wind (Official Video)
【听笛台007】Suspicious Mind - Elvis Presley
【听笛台006】Leonard Cohen - Hallelujah (Live In London)
【听笛台005】 Dire Straits - Sultans Of Swing (Alchemy Live)
【听笛台004】Eric Clapton - Layla 2do
【听笛台003】Ram Jam - Black Betty 2do
【听笛台002】Queen & David Bowie-Under Pressure (Classic Queen Mix)
【听笛台001】Queen - Love of My Life
【全球过亿播放MV】49 首
中央音乐学院周海宏-音乐何须懂(1h53)
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【第3疗程:猛药3剂】AC/DC - Thunderstruck (from Live at River Plate)
【第2疗程:猛药3剂】AC/DC - T.N.T. (from Live at River Plate)
【第1疗程:猛药3剂】AC/DC - Thunderstruck (Official Video)
【omv01】Michael Jackson - Billie Jean (Official Music Video)
7Lazy-JimmyBarnes&JoeBonamassa
6: Deep Purple - Burn (1974)
5: Hush (Official Video)
4: Smoke On The Water (Live)
3: KnockingAtYourBack Door(OV)
2: Perfect Strangers(ov)
1: Child In Time - 1970
【mv021】Lazy
【mv018-20】Smoke On The Water|Hush |Burn (1974)
【mv015-17】ChildInTime|PerfectStrangers|KnockingAtYourBack Door
【3首mv012-14】The Bad Touch & The Ballad Of Chasey Lain&Weapen...
[f]【mv010-11】Set Fire To The Rain & Smooth Criminal & Sabotage
[th]【mv009】音乐欣赏 Adele《Hello》
【摇滚MV-008】Metallica -Nothing Else Matters [Official Music Video]
【摇滚MV-007】The Cranberries - Zombie (Official Music Video)
【摇滚MV-006】 R.E.M. - Losing My Religion (Official Music Video)
【摇滚MV-005】Scorpions - Wind Of Change (Official Music Video)
【摇滚MV-004】1986年崔健首次公开演出《一无所有》
【摇滚MV-003】【港版MV】Don't Break My Heart-黑豹时期窦唯
【摇滚MV-002】窦唯 黑豹乐队时期 怕你为自己流泪
【摇滚MV-001】【無地自容 Shameful】Official Music Video
[th]关于“笛声嘹亮”V0.1
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[th]【一起听-090期】Now that's what I call music! [CD]. 70
[w]【一起听-089期】Now that's what I call music! [CD]. 68
[tu]【一起听-088期】Now that's what I call music 64 [CD].
[m]【一起听-087期】Now that's what I call music! [CD]. 63
[su]【一起听-086期】Now that's what I call music! [CD] / 65.
[su]【一起听-085期】 Now that's what I call music. [CD] / 66.
[f]【一起听-084期】Now that's what I call music! CD]. 69
[th]【一起听-083期】Gasoline Alley [CD] by Stewart, Rod.
[w]【一起听-082期】 Never a dull moment [CD] by Stewart, Rod.
[tu]【一起听-081期】Rebel music [CD] by Marley, Bob.
[tu]【一起听-080期】Past, present and future [CD]. by Stewart, Al
[su]【一起听-079期】BTS world [CD]. by BTS (Musical group)
[sa]【一起听-078期】InFinite [CD] by Deep Purple (Musical group)
[f]【一起听-077期】The essential Johnny Cash, 1955-1983 [CD]
[th]【一起听-076期】It's Christmas time [CD] by Presley, Elvis
[w]【一起听-075期】Rocket to Russia [CD] by Ramones (Musical group)
[tu]【一起听-074期】The spirit of Christmas [CD] by Smith, Michael W.
[m]【一起听-073期】The best of the cutting edge [CD] : 1965-1966 / Bob Dylan.
[su]【一起听-072期】Wow Hits 2018 36 of Today's Top Christian
[sa]【一起听-071期】Blue valentine a love story / [CD] :
[f]【一起听-070期】Saved [CD] by Dylan, Bob
[th]【一起听-069期】 West Side story original Broadway cast recording
[w]【一起听-068期】 Piano quintet [CD] by Franck, César
[tu]【一起听-067期】Chinese festival gongs and drums for celebration 3
[m]【一起听-066期】 Chinese lullabies yüeh erh ming, feng erh ching
[su]【一起听-065期】 Imaginary roads [CD] by Ackerman, Will
[sa]【一起听-064期】Past light [CD] by Ackerman, Will
[th]【一起听-063期】Nirvana, unplugged in New York [CD] by Nirvana
[w]【一起听-062期】Incesticide [CD] by Nirvana (Musical group)
[tu]【一起听-61期】 From the muddy banks of the Wishkah [CD]
【一起听-60期】Cisco Houston sings the songs of Woody Guthrie [CD]
【一起听-59期】Time's tales [CD] by Jeff Ballard Trio.
【一起听-58期】The only place [CD] by Best Coast (Musical group)
【一起听-57期】Old sock [CD] by Clapton, Eric.
[m]【一起听-56期】Blue & lonesome [CD] by Rolling Stones
[su]【一起听-055期】Cape Town flowers [CD] by Brand, Dollar
[sa]【一起听-054期】Blinking lights and other revelations [CD] by Eels
[f]【一起听-053期】 20,000 volts under the sea by Brian Waite Band.
[th]【一起听-052期】Luck in the valley [CD] by Rose, Jack
[w]【一起听-051期】Montana, a love story solo piano / [CD]
[tu]【一起听-050期】Beethoven - Franck Violin Sonatas [CD]
[sa]【一起听-049期】Symphony 1997 heaven, earth, mankind / [CD]
[sa]【一起听-048期】Straight outta Compton [CD] by N.W.A.
【一起听-047期】 We are not your kind [CD] by Slipknot (Musical group)
【一起听-046期】Fly me to the moon. [CD] by Stewart, Rod.
【一起听-045期】Exodus [CD] by Marley, Bob.
【一起听-044期】Judy Collins sings Leonard Cohen democracy. [CD]
【一起听-043期】 Rock'n'roll [CD] by Lennon, John
【一起听-042期】Loud hailer [CD] by Beck, Jeff
【一起听-041期】From the muddy banks of the Wishkah [CD] by Nirvana
【一起听-040期】The ride [CD] by Catfish and The Bottlemen
【一起听-039期】Love and war [CD] by Paisley, Brad
【一起听-038期】Survival [CD] by Marley, Bob.
【一起听-037期】Glastonbury 2000 [CD] by Bowie, David.
【一起听-036期】Natty dread [CD] by Marley, Bob.
【一起听-035期】Blood red roses [CD]
【一起听-034期】The definitive pop collection [CD] by Stewart, Al
【一起听-033期】Brothers [CD] by Black Keys (Musical group)
【一起听-032期】The best of Elvis Costello the first 10 years. [CD]
【一起听-031期】The very best of Rod Stewart [CD]. by Stewart, Rod.
【一起听-030期】Shooter [CD] by Jennings, Shooter
【一起听-029期】Sun Records harmonica classics [CD].
【一起听-028期】Piano masterpieces (1900-1975) [CD] by Cramer, Floyd
【一起听-027期】Bluegrass goes to town pop songs Buegrass style. [CD]
【一起听-026期】 Aqualung [CD] by Jethro Tull (Musical group)
【一起听-025期】Dangerous curves [CD] by Golub, Jeff.
【一起听-024期】 Persona [CD] by Latifah
【一起听-023期】 Voices of our time [CD/book] by Terkel, Studs
【一起听-022期】 20 of Hank Williams' greatest hits
【一起听-021期】In color [CD] by Cheap Trick (Musical group)
【一起听-020期】Chickenfoot [CD] by Chickenfoot (Musical group)
【一起听-019期】Bitchin' [CD] by Donnas (Musical group)
【一起听-018期】Wake up call [CD] by Theory of a Deadman
【一起听-017期】Staying power [CD] by White, Barry
【一起听-016期】Metalocalypse the Dethalbum / [CD] : by Dethklok
【一起听-015期】Hot August night [CD] by Diamond, Neil.
【一起听-014期】The singer [CD] by Garfunkel, Art.
[tu]【一起听-013期】 The best of Missing Persons by Missing Persons
[m]【一起听-012期】Imaginary roads [CD] by Ackerman, Will
【一起听-011期】 Young & dangerous [CD] by Struts (Musical group)
【一起听-010期】 Living legacy [CD] by Steel Pulse (Musical group)
【一起听-009期】 Another country [CD] by Stewart, Rod
【一起听-008期】Can't slow down [CD] by Richie, Lionel.
[tu]【一起听-007期】The best of me [CD] by Adams, Bryan
[m]【一起听-006期】The definitive collection [CD] by Richie, Lionel.
【一起听-005期】Atlantic crossing [CD] by Stewart, Rod.
【一起听-004期】Tuskegee [CD] / Lionel Richie
【一起听-003期】The best of Fare thee well by Grateful Dead
【一起听-002期】Storytone [CD] by Young, Neil
【一起听-001期】West Coast Seattle boy the Jimi Hendrix anthology
关于“笛声嘹亮”V0.1
【笛声嘹亮】微信公众号是【漂泊者乐园微信公众号联盟】旗下的第2号示范微信公众号“笛声嘹亮”。【笛声嘹亮】微信公众号由littleflute(小笛)创建经营,以音乐为主题,分享各种音乐精品,分享音乐乐谱歌词及相关音乐技术。
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