黑格尔会赞成阿列克西法的双重性质理论吗？ |《法哲学与社会哲学论丛》2021年第3期
法哲学与社会哲学论丛Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie
Krisenmomente der Freiheit. Ein Panorama mit Schlussfolgerungen/Crisis moments of freedom. A panorama with conclusions
自由的危急时刻——带结论的全景图
作者：Klaus Günther
摘要：本文将首先勾勒一幅临近危机的竞争过程，它反映了当下人们对自由的一般理解，比如人为导致的环境变迁背景下的日益增长的对自由的限制、死亡协助中加强的支配个人生活的自由、对人的生物本性以及自由的复杂观点、日渐增加的用沟通媒介和算法技术来观察、分析和修正人的行为。由此，我们得出一个复杂且冲突的自由秩序。这一特性在自由的三种关系中变得明显：自由与人性的关系、自由与他人和社会的关系以及自由与人类之外的本性的关系。在这三种关系中，处置和支配有着摧毁的效力，经过长段时间必将损害自由。
The article first sketches a panorama of contrasting crisis-like processes that currently characterize the general understanding of freedom, such as the increase in restrictions on freedom against the background of man-made environmental changes, the strengthening of the freedom to dispose of one’s own life in the discussion on assisted suicide, the development of more complex views of the biological nature of human beings and their freedom, the disavowal of the connection between freedom and responsibility, and the increasing use of new communication media and algorithmic technologies of observation, analysis, and modification of human behavior. Under this impression, new contours of a complex and conflictual order of freedom are drawn. They become apparent in at least three determinations of the relationship of freedom: in the relationship of freedom to human nature, in the relationship to others and to society, and in the relationship to extra-human nature. In all three relationships, the semantics of disposal and domination seem to have a highly destructive effect on a crisis-like moment and carry the risk of contributing to a long-term loss of freedom.
民主法治危机的黑格尔进路
作者：José Joaquín Jiménez Sánchez
摘要：本文尝试通过借鉴黑格尔来重构宪政民主。这是一种哲学-法学的视角。本文的目的是解决当下的自由民主危机以及探明危机的原因。危机的原因不仅仅在于自由民主实践的缺陷，最根本的在于我们缺乏对自由民主原则的理解。想要阻止民主自由的衰亡，必须诉诸普遍意志的理念以及普遍意志的规定——个人权利与自由。在这一语境下，政治自由成为关键，尤其是政治参与的权利以及表达自由，这两项权利对建构理性的政治意志十分必要。
This paper does resemble a philosophical-juridical perspective that reflects on the possibility to reconstruct the constitutional democracy through a Hegelian focus. Its aim is to tackle the current crisis of our liberal democracy, as well as to determine its causes. These causes are not only found in a deficient praxis of its purposes, but fundamentally in an insufficient understanding of the principles of that type of democracy. At the end, this democracy, if we mind to deter its ruin, has to last on the idea of universal will and its determination through the individual rights and liberties. In this context, political liberties obtain a key role, especially the right of political participation and the freedom of expression, whose final purpose lays in the construction of a rational political will.
Futurities of Law. Versuche über die Zukunft des Rechts/Futurities of Law. Toward the Legal Design of the Next Society
法律的未来性——未来社会的法律构想
作者：Malte-Christian Gruber
摘要：未来法律面临的挑战不可通过“试验并获得信任”的方式来解决。从方法论的立场，未来法律也无法通过所谓的去政治化的诠释学或片面地适用经验方法找到避风港。法律的责任不仅仅是掌舵、创新或激励运作，也包含批判-解放的功能。方法论反思和法律批判——理解为法律内部的社会理论——使法教义学能满足法理学与法系统和科学系统的联系带来的要求。未来的法律研究要求保持这份跨学科联系，以便为自我反思和自我批判提供推动力。批判性法律思考既不能基于传统的延续，也无法通过经验路径得到满足。它的反思能力来自社会理论模式与方法论的发展。在这个过程中，彼此竞争的理论模式为解决法律问题带来新的可能性。
The law of the future faces fundamental challenges that it cannot overcome by means of ‘tried and trusted’ dogmatics alone. Nor can it, from a methodological standpoint, take refuge in a purportedly apolitical hermeneutics or a one-sided application of empirical methods. Its responsibilities are not exhausted in mere steering, innovation or stimulating operations, but also encompass critical-emancipatory functions. Methodological reflection and legal critique – understood as social theory in the ‘interior’ of law – enable legal doctrine to meet the particular demands that arise from the simultaneous affiliation of jurisprudence to the systems of law and science. The future development of legal studies thus requires a foundational research approach that preserves the interdisciplinary connection to neighbouring disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, and provides impetus for enlightened selfcritique and self-reflection. Only in this way – through the emergence of jurisprudence from its self incurred ignorance regarding its social function – might legal practice assert itself in everyday legal life and confront the injustices of the legal world with its own thinking. Such critical legal thinking demands more than just the perpetuation of traditions based on the history of ideas. Nor can it be satisfied through the mere cultivation of empirical approaches to reality. It must aim to develop and unfold a normative concept of law, and write this forward into the future. It derives its essential reflective potential from social-theoretical modelling and methodological development. In the process, the reciprocal confrontation and translation of rival theoretical models opens new learning possibilities not to solve legal conflicts, but to treat them more judiciously. Here, it is above all the foundational legal subjects that, through their discrete approaches and perspectives, open diverse and flexible entryways to the potentialities and actualities of law and, particularly in light of new cases, ensure the necessary variance of options for perception and action. The future of law resides in experimental testing and innovative discovery, in the creative quest for alternative possibilities and possible realities, in the critical and constructive struggle for the law of the future – as the ecological law of future life in the next bio-digital society.
Weder Idealismus noch Naturalismus: Zum Anliegen einer Idealitätstheorie des Rechts/Neither Idealism nor Naturalism: About the Objective of an Ideality Theory of Law
既非观念论也非自然论——论法的观念理论
作者：Lorenz Kähler
摘要：法本体上是一个观念实体。通过探究这个特性，我们可以理解，法为何无法通过感性得到认识，为何法律的内容可以超越时间，为何法律原则上可以被译介以及为何它无法拥有双重性质。由于法本体上的观念本质，它独立于时间和空间，是规范性的，并且对理论论证持开放态度。尽管法在很多方面是抽象的，它本体上的观念本质有别于它的抽象性。
Law is an ontologically ideal entity. This feature shall be explored in order to explain why law cannot be perceived by the senses, why its contents can remain constant over time, why it can in principle be translated and why it does not have a dual nature. Due to law’s ontologically ideal nature it is independent from time and space, normative in kind and open for rational arguments. Although law can in many regards be abstract, its ontologically ideal nature has to be distinguished from abstractness.
Über Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494), das Chamäleon und die Würde des Menschen/About Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494), the chameleon and the dignity of man
论皮科·德拉·米兰多拉（1463–1494），变色龙与人的尊严
作者： Bernd Kannowski
摘要：奇怪的是，一个尽量避免直接使用“人的尊严”的人，今天会因为《关于人的尊严的演说》而知名。本文将探讨，皮科的著名小册子在何种程度上与人的尊严历史相关。一个最基本的问题是，人的尊严对皮科意味着什么。皮科的书初看是对人的自由所带来的转变能力的赞美。皮科运用的变色龙形象强调了这一点。在他看来，哲思的自由没有对思想做出任何限制，即便在处理对皮科时代来说显得极端的其他宗教也是如此。
It is quite strange that a work whose author apparently deliberately avoided the term “human dignity” is today known under the title “Oration on the Dignity of Man”. In my contribution, I examine the extent to which the famous tract of Pico della Mirandola can be linked to the history of human dignity. This raises the fundamental question of what human dignity (for Pico) actually means. Pico’s famous text appears primarily as an ode to man’s capacity for transformation, which his freedom grants him. The image of the chameleon used by Pico – which is idiosyncratic in the context of his time – highlights this. His concern is a freedom of philosophising that does not impose any prohibitions on thinking even when dealing with other religions and thus seems radical for Pico’s time.
Consensual Punishment. From Grotius to Hegel
同意的刑罚——从格劳秀斯到黑格尔
作者：Moritz Heepe
摘要：本文将分析一种国家刑罚的证成策略——犯罪人同意——的历史发展。这种证成策略基于启蒙哲学。我们梳理这一策略从格劳秀斯到黑格尔的发展。本文主要关注的是，如何通过纯粹拟制的心理状态的归责来证成道德或者法律的反应。通过这种方式，我们可以把握刑事司法的几个重要方面。
In the present study we scrutinize the historical development of a remarkable strategy to justify state punishment, conceived in the philosophy of the Enlightenment: the argument from the consent of the offender. We follow the development of this argument and its variants from Grotius to Hegel. Our particular interest lies in ascriptions of purely fictitious mental states to justify palpable moral or legal reactions. This investigation opens up a specific and illuminating perspective on the legal-philosophical theories of the investigated authors and their conceptual connections. In that way it also helps to properly grasp important aspects of the systematic problem of criminal justice.
Vittorio Frosini und das Recht als Morphologie der Praxis/Vittorio Frosini and the Legal Order as Morphology of the Praxis
维托里奥·弗洛西尼和作为实践形态学的法律
作者：Antonio Merlino
摘要：20世纪60年代早期，西西里岛的法学家Vittorio Frosini是第一个尝试对汉斯-凯尔森的意大利继受进行历史语境研究的人。Frosini认为，我们不能无视纯粹法理论可能带来的极端结果。在对凯尔森主义的清晰批判中，他指出，法律不是康德的空洞形式，而是结构、社会实践和“实践的形态学”。
In the early Sixties, the Sicilian jurist Vittorio Frosini was the first to attempt an historicization of Hans Kelsen’s Italian inheritance. Frosini asserts that we cannot disregard the extreme outcomes of the reine Rechtslehre and in a lucid criticism of Kelsenism, he points out that the law is not an empty form of Kantian purity, but instead, structure, social praxis, and“morphology of the praxis”.
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