译味译境 |《蒿里行》的三个英译本
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蒿里行
曹操
关东有义士，兴兵讨群凶。
初期会盟津，乃心在咸阳。
军合力不齐，踌躇而雁行。
势利使人争，嗣还自相戕。
淮南弟称号，刻玺于北方。
铠甲生虮虱，万姓以死亡。
白骨露于野，千里无鸡鸣。
生民百遗一，念之断人肠。
Graveyard Song
（许渊冲 译）
East of the Pass there’re heroes brave and bright;
They rose in arms against the worst man of all.
They formed alliance first on River’s right
And joined their force to take the capital.
But they were not united with might and main,
So like wild geese they straggled all about.
They fought each other for power or gain,
And tried to kill each other and fell out.
The self-styled monarch rules the southern shore;
The royal seal is carved on northern land.
Men long in arms grow lousy more and more;
Countless people die when they cannot stand.
Afield lie bones of those who lost their lives;
For miles and miles no cock is heard to crow.
Among a hundred people one survives;
My heart would break on thinking of the woe.
（摘自《许渊冲经典英译古代诗歌1000首：汉魏六朝诗》，海豚出版社）
2
Song of the Burial
（汪榕培 译）
Heroes in the east rise in revolt,
Attacking traitors like a thunderbolt.
When they raise troops to put rebellions down,
They plan to meet again in the capital town.
As the troops cannot be of one mind,
They hesitate and stay behind.
They start to fight against each other,
And even plot against their own brother.
The younger brother ascends the throne
While the elder has a seal of his own.
Meanwhile, the soldiers are pested by lice,
And the people suffer worthless sacrifice.
Dead bodies scatter in the open air;
Not a cockcrow is heard anywhere.
The high death rate is beyond belief;
At the thought of this, I'm deep in grief.
（摘自《英译三曹诗选》，西安外国语学院报，1998, 1）
3
The Land of the Dead
（吴伏生、哈蒂尔 译）
East of Hangu Pass arose the righteous heroes,
they raised troops to attack the wicked.
At first they agreed to gather at Mengjin,
but their hearts went out to the capital, Xianyang.①
The troops gathered, but their strength was not unified,
in hesitation, they moved in geese formation.
Ambition causes struggle in people,
soon they began to slaughter each other.
The younger Yuan declared himself emperor south of the Huai,②
his brother carved the imperial seal in the north.
Fleas breed inside the soldier’s armor,
common folks die in tens of thousands;
their bones laid bare in the wilderness,
within ten thousand li no rooster crows.
One in a hundred is all that survives for the common folk.
My heart is broken by the thought.
① 即当时兴兵的各路人马心怀异志，意在篡位。
In other words, the generals who rose to attack those wicked people all had their eyes on the throne.
② 此处的“弟”指袁术，袁绍之弟；后者为曹操在北方的主要对手。
The younger Yuan is Yuan Shu, the brother of Yuan Shao, who is Cao Cao's arch-enemy in the north.
吴伏生、哈蒂尔译本选自《三曹诗选英译》，商务印书馆。
该书精选建安时期文学代表人物曹操、曹丕、曹植的经典作品八十多首，由美籍华裔学者吴伏生教授和英国诗人格雷厄姆·哈蒂尔（Graham Hartill）合作翻译。
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