courage, bravery, guts, nerve, 哪个更勇敢？

当我们说某人有勇气的时候，有时会用courage，有时会用bravery。这两个近义词有没有什么细微的差异呢？还有哪些词可以表示勇敢？不妨看看《朗文写作活用词典》相关词的释义，和在真实例句中是怎么用的，也许能有所帮助。

courage

the ability to behave bravely when you are in danger, suffering illness, or pain, or when other people are opposing you

勇敢；勇气；胆量

She showed great courage during her long illness.

她在长期的病患中，表现出巨大的勇气。

Nelson Mandela will be remembered for his courage and integrity in the struggle against apartheid.

人们将会记住纳尔逊•曼德拉在反对种族隔离的斗争中所表现出来的勇气和正直。

take courage (=need courage) 需要勇气

Driving again after his accident must have taken a lot of courage.

他出事之后再驾车一定鼓起了很大的勇气。

bravery

the ability to behave bravely in a dangerous situation, for example during a war

勇敢，勇气

After the war, my uncle was awarded a medal for bravery.

战后，我叔叔因英勇作战获授一枚奖章。

It was an act of the utmost bravery and disregard for personal safety.

这行动需要极大的勇气，并把个人安危置之度外。

guts

[n plural] informal, the ability and determi­nation to do something difficult or dangerous that other people are afraid to do

【非正式】勇气，胆量；决心

I don't think he can possibly win, but you've got to admire his guts.

我觉得他不可能臝，但你不得不佩服他的勇气。

have guts

Whatever else you may say about Sally, she certainly has guts.

不管你对萨莉还有什么其他评价，她确实很有胆量。

it takes guts to do sth (=you need guts to do something)

做某事需要勇气

It took guts and determination to overcome such a severe handicap.

要克服如此严重的残疾需要勇气和决心。

nerve

[n U] the ability to remain calm and confident in a dangerous, difficult, or frightening situation

镇定；勇气；胆量

After a three day siege the kidnapper's nerve failed and he gave himself up to the police.

被围困三天之后，绑匪变得胆怯，向警方自首。

it takes a lot of nerve to do sth (=you need a lot of nerve to do something)

做某事需要很大的勇气

It takes a lot of nerve to report a colleague for sexual harassment.

举报同事的性骚扰行为需要很大的勇气。

daring

[adj.] not afraid of taking risks or doing dangerous things, or involving a lot of risks

勇敢的，大胆的，敢于冒险的

He would often do very foolish things to just prove how daring he was.

他为了证明自己胆大，常做出一些愚蠢的事情。

adventurous

[adj.] someone who is adventurous enjoys going to new places and hav­ing new, possibly dangerous experiences

爱冒险的 ，有冒险精神的

She was naturally adventurous and loved the wild landscape of Colombia with all its beauty and danger.

她天生爰冒险，非常喜欢哥伦比亚既绮丽又险峻的天然景致。

fearless

[adj.] not at all afraid of doing dan­gerous things, so that other people admire you

无畏的；勇敢的

Her fearless opposition to the military dictatorship has won admiration from around the world.

她大胆反抗军事独裁统治，这使她赢得了各国人民的钦佩。

fearlessly [adv.]

He dived fearlessly into the sea, ignoring the rocks below.

他不顾下面有礁石，勇敢无畏地跃入海中。

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以上内容摘自《朗文写作活用词典》，有删节。

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