CATTI备考笔记 | 再凄美婉转也要走向结局——英国正式脱欧！

伦敦时间1月31日晚11时，英国正式“脱欧”，结束了其长达47年的欧盟成员国身份。

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊发布推特称，“今夜，我们离开了欧盟，这是这个国家生命中一个非凡的转折点。让我们现在团结起来，充分利用英国退欧将带来的所有机会，让我们释放整个英国的潜力。”

在正式脱欧前，英国首相约翰逊于31日22时发表全国讲话，试图发出希望和解的音符。

根据其办公室发布的摘要，约翰逊强调，英国脱欧“不是结束，而是开始”，“这是黎明前的破晓，一个新时代的曙光”

And the most important thing to say tognight is that this is not an end but a beginning. This is the moment when the dawn breaks and the curtain goes up on a new act in our great national drama

那么经济学人是怎么看待英国脱欧的呢？

2020年2月1日的经济学人leaders板块发表了一篇相关文章《Into the known》

今天我们一起来研读其中的一段。

今日选段

  Yet leaving the EU is a huge moment. Britain will be quitting the institutional structure that governs Europe’s single market, which will necessarily imply more friction in its trade relations with a club that takes almost half its exports. Britons will lose the automatic right they now have to live and work across the EU. Brexit has also administered a shock to the country. The nation has argued long and bitterly over the issue, and its ruling elite has suffered a blow. The unarguable outcome is the most powerful government in a generation, under Boris Johnson. Much now depends on how he responds.

精读笔记

第一句

Yet leaving the EU is a huge moment.

然而，离开欧盟是一个重大时刻。

关于“脱欧”的表达

第一种

用一个最简单的词：Brexit

Brexit could be lost 脱欧可能会失败。

由此可引申出Brexit deal/agreement 脱欧协议

第二种   “动词+EU” 

leave the EU = Withdraw from the EU = Separate from the EU

BBC曾多次报道英国脱欧情况：

Mr. Johnson insists Britain must leave the EU at the end of the month despite having been forced by Parliament to request an extension.

约翰逊坚称，尽管议会迫切要求延期，但英国仍必须在月底离开欧盟。

这个句子中，leave the EU 也可以用withdraw from the EU和Separate from the EU来替代。

第三种  直接用表示“离开”的名词表示

The exit / the withdrawl / the departure / the divorce

BBC的报道中曾写道：

The quest for a deal in the terms of Britain’s departure from the EU is continuing.

对脱欧协议尽快出台的要求仍然在继续。

同时,departure还可以表示“某人辞职”

马爸爸退休之时，外媒对此进行了大量的报道。《财富》杂志这样描述：

To outsiders, it’s also tough to reconcile Ma’s departure with the ascension of his 46-year-old successor, Daniel Zhang, a former accountant and 11-year veteran of Alibaba

马云离职，46岁的张勇接任。对局外人来说，很难把这两件事联系起来。张勇之前是一名会计，也是在阿里巴巴工作了11年的老员工。

第二句

Britain will be quitting the institutional structure that governs Europe’s single market, which will necessarily imply more friction in its trade relations with a club that takes almost half its exports.

英国将退出管理欧洲单一市场的体制结构，这势必意味着它与这个几乎占其出口一半的组织之间的贸易关系将出现更多摩擦。

放弃：quit = give up = renounce

Quit同时还可以表达“辞职”，和前述的departure很类似。例如，I quit 我不干了

Institutional structure 制度结构,体制结构

Institutional这个词经常出现在政府工作报告中

1. 体制障碍 institutional barriers

破除阻碍国家和民族发展的一切思想和体制障碍

Remove all ideological and institutional barriers to our country and nation's development

2.制度保障 institutional guarantee

中国特色社会主义制度是当代中国发展进步的根本制度保障

The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics provides the fundamental institutional guarantee for progress and development in contemporary China.

3. 制度基础 institutional foundations

为当代中国一切发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础

It created the fundamental political conditions and the institutional foundation for achieving all development and progress in China today

4. 体制机制弊端 institutional ailments

坚决破除一切不合时宜的思想观念和体制机制弊端

To get rid of all outdated thinking and ideas and all institutional ailments

其他：

体制改革 institutional reform

制度的笼子  institutional cage 

最后，我们来看看牛津词典对single market的定义

A group of countries that have few or no restrictions on the movement of goods, money and people between the members of the group

 单一市场（由若干国家构成，成员国之间对于相互间的商品贸易、货币流通及人员往来极少或没有限制）

有了这个定义，我们就能很好地理解句意了~

第三句

Britons will lose the automatic right they now have to live and work across the EU.

英国人将失去他们现在在欧盟生活和工作的权利。

【熟词僻义】我们要注意的是automatic在这里不是“自动的”的意思

Automatic

always happening as a result of a particular action or situation必然的，当然的

除了这个词以外，我们还要注意，政府工作报告中经常出现across这个词，across the board 全面地

1.全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度

We will implement the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board

2.全面节约资源有效推进

Across-the-board efforts to conserve resources have seen encouraging progress

第四句

Brexit has also administered a shock to the country.

英国脱欧也对英国造成了冲击

【熟词僻义】我们见到Administer这个词的时候，通常取“管理”之意。

在这里，它的意思是：

To give or to provide sth, especially in a formal way给予，提供，施加

e.g. The teacher has the authority to administer punishment.老师有权处罚

Administer a shock 造成冲击

Administer a shock to sb 对…造成冲击

表达类似“造成冲击”之意时，我们还可以用以下的表达：

1. be affected/be hit

这句话还可以这样说：The country has been affected/hit by Brexit

这样的表达较为简单

2. feel the fallout

Fallout简单来说就是“bad results”之意

这句话还可以这样说：The country has felt the fallout of Brexit

或者：The fallout has been felt by the country.

与feel the fallout类似的表达还有，feel the pinch/feel the punch，都是非常形象的表达

第五句

The nation has argued long and bitterly over the issue, and its ruling elite has suffered a blow.

英国就这个问题进行了长期而激烈的争论，统治精英们也受到了打击。

英文忌重复

这里的suffer a blow其实和上文中的administer a shock意思相似，我们可以把它们放在一起记忆。

sb suffers a blow = sth administers shock to sb.

第六句

The unarguable outcome is the most powerful government in a generation, under Boris Johnson. Much now depends on how he responds.

无可争议的是，鲍里斯•约翰逊(Boris Johnson)政府将成为一代人中权力最大的政府。现在很大程度上取决于鲍里斯•约翰逊如何应对。

Under还有另外一个用法：

study under sb 师从

在讲到团队多元化的时候，经济学人中出现了这样一个句子：

They will have studied under the same professors 他们可能师从同样的教授。

最后，我们再来回顾全段

Yet leaving the EU is a huge moment. Britain will be quitting the institutional structure that governs Europe’s single market, which will necessarily imply more friction in its trade relations with a club that takes almost half its exports. Britons will lose the automatic right they now have to live and work across the EU. Brexit has also administered a shock to the country. The nation has argued long and bitterly over the issue, and its ruling elite has suffered a blow. The unarguable outcome is the most powerful government in a generation, under Boris Johnson. Much now depends on how he responds.

来源：经济学人

文章编辑：Alisa

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