双语学堂丨2019年度中国重要时政术语英译报告（上）
为服务国内外翻译工作实践，助力提升国家翻译能力建设水平，中国外文局当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院重点围绕2019年习近平总书记重要讲话、中央重大决策部署以及重要党政会议文件中提出的新概念新范畴新表述，从政治、经济、文化、社会、生态文明、外交军事、脱贫攻坚、科学技术等八个方面遴选汇编420余条中国时政术语，经中国翻译协会重大翻译工作审评专家委员会和中国翻译研究院重点翻译任务统筹工作机制翻译审定，形成汉英对照，供业界及相关人员参考借鉴。今天和大家分享第一部分。
The advance of the Chinese nation toward rejuvenation is unstoppable.
the unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation
to uphold the great unity of the Chinese nation
a sense of belonging for the Chinese nation
to modernize the national governance system and capacity
to concentrate strength for major undertakings
to uphold and improve the fundamental, basic and important systems that underpin the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics
to solidify the foundation, leverage our strengths and tackle areas of weaknesses
to improve governance with laws and regulations, systematic and comprehensive measures, and an emphasis on addressing problems at the source
to improve governance with complete laws and regulations, systematic and comprehensive measures and an emphasis on addressing the root causes of issues
to turn the strengths of China’s state systems into efficient state governance
to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of governance by taking advantage of China’s institutional strengths
a system that ensures CPC members’ commitment to the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission
the system that ensures CPC members’ continued commitment to CPC’s founding mission
the system of overall leadership by the CPC
to improve the institutions for governance for the people and supported by the people
the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation
to improve the system through which people’s congresses oversee the government, the supervisory commissions, the people’s courts and the people’s procuratorates
the supervision system of “One government, One commission, Two courts“ (referring to the people’s government, the supervisory commission, and the people’s court and the people’s procuratorate)
a new model of political party relations
to build a united front with extensive social participation
to build the united front with extensive participation of all political parties
the system of regional ethnic autonomy
the system of community-level self-governance
a scientific approach to lawmaking, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and common compliance with the law
legislation by the people’s congresses under the leadership of CPC committees, with government support and broad participation
to serve the people, answer to the people, and be scrutinized by the people
to build a digital government
the institutions of vertical national management and tiered local management
to establish a fiscal relationship between the central and local governments built upon clearly defined powers and responsibilities, with appropriate financial resource allocation and great balance between regions
a new system concentrating nationwide effort and resources on key national undertakings
the fundamental system which ensures that Marxism guides all our ideological work
the fundamental system which ensures that Marxism serves as our political guidance
systems and mechanisms ensuring that officials do not dare, are not able, and ultimately have no desire to be corrupt
authoritative and efficient mechanisms for implementation
“four forms” of discipline supervision and enforcement
to maintain close ties with the people
unremitting efforts to correct the “four forms of decadence” (the practice of favoring form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance)
unremitting efforts to correct the “four forms of official misconduct” (the practice of favoring form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance)
confidence in our path, theory, system, and culture
profound changes unseen in a century
The landscape here is beyond compare.
the system of distinctively Chinese socialist rule of law
the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China
the CPC’s leadership over the CPPCC
to have an accurate understanding of the nature of the CPPCC
to give full play to CPPCC’s role as a special consultative body
in-depth reform of Party and state institutions
to continue to improve the functional system of Party and state institutions and modernize the state governance system and capacity
to promote the functional optimization, collaboration, and efficiency of the state institutions
to coordinate all efforts to complete key national undertakings
service-oriented government
to guard against and defuse major risks
The Party is in charge of the media.
The CPC exercises leadership over the media.
We must carry forward the fighting spirit and improve our abilities.
to arm ourselves with theory
the system of responsibility for Party development
the centralized and unified leadership of the Party
Constitution-based governance
to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law
the path of law-based governance under Chinese socialism
to secure a sweeping victory in the fight against corruption
“taking out tigers,” “swatting flies,” and “hunting down foxes”
political inspection
to have the courage to carry out self-reform
to conduct strict self-supervision and self-governance on the Party
Learning ability is the top priority skill that leading officials must possess.
the principal status of the people
the principal position of the people
the primacy of the people
Opinions on strengthening and improving the Party development in central Party and state departments
the Party’s leadership over law-based governance
to regard the Party Constitution as the fundamental guideline
to settle minor problems in the villages, major ones in the towns, and not submitting them to higher-level authorities
Long March of the new era
The People’s Republic has a revolutionary tradition.
The people’s support is the strongest foundation for our Party’s governance.
national major projects
Never call retreat until a complete victory.
China has stood up, become prosperous and is growing strong.
China has stood up, grown prosperous and is becoming strong.
The Medal of the Republic
The Friendship Medal
New officials must continue to meet the commitment undertaken by their predecessors.
Selective and arbitrary law enforcement is unacceptable.
to become pacesetters for reform and opening up
to enhance our Party’s political awareness as the overarching principle
to enhance our Party’s political foundation building as the overarching principle
to reinforce our Party’s political foundations as the overarching principle
to address human rights issues in a fair, objective, and non-selective manner
to establish a government service evaluation system
to improve conduct to make solid and tangible efforts
to strengthen leadership teams and the contingent of officials
“black swans” and “gray rhinos”
the policies of “one country, two systems,” “the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong,” “the people of Macao governing Macao,” and a high degree of autonomy for both regions
The authority of the Constitution and the Basic Law is firmly upheld in Macao.
smooth operation of the (Macao SAR) executive-led political system
to integrate more proactively into the country’s overall development
to ensure the central authorities exercise overall jurisdiction while correctly exercising a high degree of autonomy (in Macao)
the State Security Safeguarding Committee of the Macao Special Administrative Region
sound decision-making, meticulous social governance, and efficient public services
to consolidate the social and political foundation for “one country, two systems”
to have firm confidence in “one country, two systems”
to firmly keep “one country, two systems” in the correct direction
to resolutely shoulder the mission of “one country, two systems”
to consolidate the basis, foster vitality, and achieve steady development
The cause of “one country, two systems” still has a long way to go.
no finger-pointing from any external forces
to improve the governance in the Special Administrative Region of …
to improve the overall living conditions in Macao
The Taiwan question will definitely end with national rejuvenation.
We Chinese should not fight each other.
multiple modes of distribution in the principle of “to each according to his work”
a basic database for economic governance
a prime database for economic governance
Development is what really matters to all.
to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas
the miracle of rapid economic growth and sustained social stability
the reform of the rural collective property rights system
a state assets regulation system that focuses on capital
a negative list for market access
the fundamental role of competition policies
a modern financial system that is adaptive, competitive, and inclusive
the new system of open economy
pre-establishment national treatment for foreign investment
pilot free trade zones and free trade ports
to establish new mechanisms on coordinated regional development
to put in place new mechanisms for coordinated development across different regions
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
to improve the ways and methods of leading economic work
to promote the stable growth of the economy on the whole
to defuse financial risks
to boost the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modernized services
to forestall and defuse major risks of private enterprises
to protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises operating overseas
to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve people’s wellbeing, guard against risks, and ensure stability
to transition from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development
to move from rapid growth to high-quality development
to create a development environment conducive to innovation, startups, and entrepreneurship
to explore a new way of integrated development on both sides of the Taiwan Straits
to accelerate efforts for green manufacturing
to form a unified, open, competitive and orderly market for all commodities and production factors throughout the country
to improve the financial transfer payment system
the 14th Five-Year Plan period
an open world economy through cooperation
an open world economy with innovation
an open world economy for mutual benefits
to open up the market
to improve the business environment
to continue multilateral and bilateral cooperation
to change growth model, improve economic structure, and gather new growth momentum
to make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts
to open wider to the outside world
Hainan Free Trade Port
free trade agreement
to develop West China
development of the western region
to revitalize the old industrial bases in the Northeast and other parts of China
to energize the central region
to implement sector-specific and targeted policies
effective constraints on the main functions and orderly land development
mechanism of integrated market development
regional cooperation mechanism
to promote all-round revitalization of Northeast China
industrial revitalization
to improve rural infrastructure
Framework Agreement on Deepening Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Cooperation in the Development of the Greater Bay Area
Mainland and Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
to promote cooperation of Zhuhai and Macao in joint development of the Hengqin region
China will spare no effort to foster a business environment that respects the value of knowledge.
China does not seek trade surplus.
international macroeconomic policy coordination mechanism
to push for a conclusion of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
integrated development of digital economy and real economy
digital infrastructure construction
a complaint mechanism for foreign-funded companies
to improve administrative efficiency and regulate the service market
a punitive compensation mechanism for intellectual property infringement
China-Japan-ROK free trade agreement negotiations
The performance of the economy is punctuated by changes, some of which give cause for concern.
to consolidate the achievement through cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness
to invigorate micro entities
to improve the basic systems of the capital market
to steadily promote the localization of key information infrastructure in the financial industry
to speed up the construction of financial market infrastructure
financial risk
to upgrade industrial chains
to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy
negotiations on a China-EU investment agreement
to promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of “entry unless on the list”
rich fruits yielded through economic diplomacy as well as cultural and people-to-people exchanges
Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Plan for Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Region
China Agricultural Development Report 2019
international first-class bay area
world-class city cluster
integration of “the four networks” – trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways and urban railways
integration of “the four networks” – trunk, intercity, suburban, and urban railways
Daxing International Airport: Phoenix Spreading Its Wings
The Second China International Import Expo
to uphold socialism, rally public support, foster a new generation of people with sound values and ethics, develop Chinese culture, and build a good image of China
programs to carry on the best of Chinese cultural traditions and heritage
to improve public cultural services
a path of socialist cultural development with Chinese characteristics
to tackle problems at their roots, keep to the right path, and make innovations
to cultivate and promote the socialist core values
to build stronger cultural confidence and tell true stories about China
to promote socialist literature and art to flourish
to improve China’s capacity for engaging in international communication
a world-class international communication organization with strong comprehensive strengths
to present China in the new era to the international audience
to present a true, multi-dimensional, and panoramic view of China
cultural revitalization
to attach importance to history, earnestly study history, and learn from history
to have an in-depth understanding of the laws governing human development
All achievements are attributed to the people, and all glory belongs to the people.
to depict our times, record our times, and promote values of our times
to keep pace with the times
to present top-notch works for the people
to guide social morality with good virtues
to guide social conduct with good virtues
all-media communication system
to promote integrated media development
to build an all-media communication pattern
Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations
International Horticultural Exhibition 2019, Beijing, China
sites and heritage related to CPC history
to provide more and better online content
a system for integrated internet management
to ensure a clean and healthy cyberspace
Bing Dwen Dwen / Shuey Rhon Rhon
inclusive Olympic Games
open Olympic Games
clean Olympic Games
The 7th CISM Military World Games
Diverse cultures add radiance and beauty to each other.
to protect, inherit and carry forward the Yellow River culture
We people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of one family.
dream chasers
to seize the day and live it to the full
(Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei are like) different petals that belong to the same flower
The spirit of patriotism is handed down from one generation to the next.
Loving the country and loving Macao have become the core values of the Chinese residents in Macao.
a social governance system led by Party committees and implemented by the government, based on consultation, coordination, broad participation and the rule of law, and supported by technologies
to take a people-centered approach
social governance with broad-based participation
public safety systems and mechanisms
an emergency management system with unified command and reserves of regular and specialized staff, capable of quick response, and effective coordination at different levels
digital management and services for a matrix of urban communities
the national security system
sustainable basic pension and medical insurance schemes that cover both urban and rural residents
fair, accessible, systematic and consistent health services
to ensure access to child care, education, employment, medical services, elderly care, housing, and social welfare assistance
programs that are inclusive, general and guarantee basic needs
welfare programs that are inclusive, general and guaranteed
an educational system for lifelong learning
More authority should be delegated to local governments.
a new model of community-level governance
the Fengqiao model in promoting social harmony in the new era
the system for maintaining public order
to build rural areas with thriving businesses, pleasant living environment, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity
talent revitalization
to consolidate the foundation of rural governance
to bring pension schemes under national unified management
to reform the land management system
people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security
to genuinely utilize resources in developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood
to constantly lower burdens at the community level
small-scale taxpayers
Mobile phone subscribers do not need to change their phone numbers when switching carriers.
to switch carriers without changing cell phone numbers
oversized school classes
to resolutely safeguard the lives and health of the people
a separation of operation permit and business license
to link newly added cropland quotas with the amount of land used for urban and rural construction
prompt handling of public complaints
to maintain stability and harmony in society
joint efforts in addressing problems, coordinating relevant initiatives, and maintaining social order
to guarantee payment of salaries, normal operation of grassroots government, and the basic wellbeing of the people
to give priorities to salary payment, smooth functioning of grassroots government, and the basic wellbeing of the people
to build a contingent of professionals of traditional Chinese medicine
to support the preservation, opening up, innovation, and development of traditional Chinese medicine
to reform and improve the management system and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine
two-tier social security system
Inclusiveness and harmony enhance social unity.
to improve spatial governance
a credit system covering all citizens
a campaign to combat organized crime and root out local bullies
the yearning of people of all ethnic groups for a better life
public housing project of Macao
1.节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主
2.主体功能区制度
3.山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复
4.生态振兴
5.生态环境损害赔偿制度
6.资源高效利用制度
7.垃圾分类和资源化利用制度
8.生态保护和修复制度
9.国家公园保护制度
10.生态环境保护责任制度
11.蓝色伙伴关系
12.保护海洋生物多样性
13.加强海洋环境污染防治
14.实现海洋资源有序开发利用
15.高度重视海洋生态文明建设
16.建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系
17.能源消费双控制度
18.改善生态环境就是发展生产力
19.热爱自然情怀
20.全球生态文明
21.绿色发展理念
22.防治土地荒漠化 推动绿色发展
23.保持加强生态文明建设的战略定力
24.探索以生态优先、绿色发展为导向的高质量发展新路
25.加大生态系统保护力度
26.打好污染防治攻坚战
27.打赢蓝天保卫战
28.绿色发展人人有责，贵在行动、成在坚持
We all -- each and every one of us -- have a responsibility for green development. Its entire success hinges on our commitment and actions.
29.推进水资源节约集约利用
30.保障黄河长治久安
31.黄河流域构成我国重要的生态屏障
The Yellow River basin constitutes an important ecological barrier in China.
供稿：当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院
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