双语学堂丨党的十九届四中全会《决定》学习思考

把中国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能Transforming China’s Institutional Advantages into Effective State Governance

为切实增强学习贯彻党的十九届四中全会精神的政治自觉和思想自觉，努力掌握习近平总书记全会重要讲话和全会《决定》的丰富内涵和核心要义，中国外文局所属中国翻译研究院特邀请中共中央党校（国家行政学院）科学社会主义教研部教授徐浩然对《决定》进行解读，并纳入中国翻译研究院重点翻译项目统筹工作机制进行编译，供业界及相关人士参考。

中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第四次全体会议（简称：党的十九届四中全会）于2019年10月28日至31日在北京召开。全会由中央政治局主持，中央委员会总书记习近平作了重要讲话。会议审议通过了《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》。《决定》反映了对国家制度和治理能力的系统性思考，是新时代坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的纲领性文件。中国特色社会主义制度是党和人民在长期实践探索中形成的科学制度体系，中国国家治理一切工作和活动都依照中国特色社会主义制度展开，中国国家治理体系和治理能力是中国特色社会主义制度及其执行能力的集中体现。

The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing from October 28 to 31, 2019. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, made an important speech at the session, which was presided over by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. 

The session reviewed and adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Modernizing the State Governance System and Capacity”. Reflecting a systematic thinking on the state governance system and capacity, the decision is a guiding document for upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing state governance system and capacity in the new era. Chinese socialism is a sound system developed by the CPC and the Chinese people through prolonged practices and explorations; it forms the basis for state governance in every field, and is fully represented in the state governance system and capacity.

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总体目标是：到中国共产党成立一百年时，在各方面制度更加成熟更加定型上取得明显成效；到二〇三五年，各方面制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化；到新中国成立一百年时，全面实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，使中国特色社会主义制度更加巩固、优越性充分展现。

The overall objectives of upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the state governance system and capacity are as follows: Accomplishing notable achievements in making the systems in all fields more mature and better-defined by CPC's centenary mark (2021); further refining the systems in all fields and basically achieving the goal of modernizing the state governance system and capacity by 2035; and fully realizing the goal of modernizing the state governance system and capacity, hence further consolidating Chinese socialism with its strength in full play by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China(2049).

中国共产党自成立以来，团结带领人民，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，赢得了中国革命胜利，并深刻总结国内外正反两方面经验，不断探索实践、改革创新，建立和完善社会主义制度，形成和发展党的领导和经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、军事、外事等各方面制度，加强和完善国家治理，取得历史性成就。这充分说明中国国家制度和国家治理体系具有多方面的显著优势，主要体现在：

Since its establishment, the CPC has united and led the Chinese people to combine the basic principles of Marxism with China's practical realities to achieve victory in the Chinese revolution. It has also thoroughly reflected on the successes and failures from home and abroad, kept exploring new practices, embarked on reform and innovation, and established and improved the socialist system. By forming and developing the systems for Party leadership, the economy, political affairs, culture, social development, ecological progress, national defense, and foreign affairs, the CPC has strengthened and improved its state governance and made historic achievements. This fully demonstrates the strengths of China's state systems and governance that are manifested in many ways, as listed below:

坚持党的集中统一领导，坚持党的科学理论，保持政治稳定，确保国家始终沿着社会主义方向前进的显著优势；坚持人民当家作主，发展人民民主，密切联系群众，紧紧依靠人民推动国家发展的显著优势；坚持全面依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，切实保障社会公平正义和人民权利的显著优势；坚持全国一盘棋，调动各方面积极性，集中力量办大事的显著优势；坚持各民族一律平等，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，实现共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的显著优势；坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展和按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，把社会主义制度和市场经济有机结合起来，不断解放和发展社会生产力的显著优势；坚持共同的理想信念、价值理念、道德观念，弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，促进全体人民在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起的显著优势；坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断保障和改善民生、增进人民福祉，走共同富裕道路的显著优势；坚持改革创新、与时俱进，善于自我完善、自我发展，使社会充满生机活力的显著优势；坚持德才兼备、选贤任能，聚天下英才而用之，培养造就更多更优秀人才的显著优势；坚持党指挥枪，确保人民军队绝对忠诚于党和人民，有力保障国家主权、安全、发展利益的显著优势；坚持“一国两制”，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，促进祖国和平统一的显著优势；坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献的显著优势。

Upholding the CPC's centralized and unified leadership, maintaining the CPC's scientific theories, guaranteeing political stability, and ensuring that the country follows the socialist path;

Respecting the people’s status as masters of the country, promoting people’s democracy, maintaining close ties with the people, and relying on the people to drive national development;

Pursuing law-based governance in all respects in a socialist country that follows the rule of law, ensures social fairness and justice, and guarantees the rights of the people; 

Motivating all sectors, pooling all resources, and coordinating all our efforts to complete key national undertakings;

Upholding equality between all ethnic groups, fostering a strong sense of national identity, and working together for common prosperity;

Maintaining the dominant role of public ownership while developing other forms of ownership, and implementing multiple modes of distribution with “to each according to their work” as the principal form; this structure represents an effective combination of the socialist system and the market economy and helps create and unlock additional productive forces;

Upholding common ideals, values and morals, promoting the best of Chinese traditions, socialist culture and revolutionary heritage, and uniting the nation in shared beliefs and convictions;

Pursuing a people-centered approach to development that improves quality of life and achieves prosperity for all;

Implementing further reform and innovation, keeping pace with the times, and pursuing constant self-development, leading to a more vibrant and dynamic society;

Selecting the best minds across the land based on their integrity and expertise, and preparing talent for the country’s future needs;

Maintaining CPC leadership over the people’s armed forces, and ensuring their absolute loyalty to the Party and the people and their ability to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and national interests;

Upholding the principle of “one country, two systems” to maintain lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao and promote the peaceful reunification of China;

Maintaining independence and self-reliance while opening to the outside world, with more active participation in global governance and a greater contribution to the building of a global community of shared future.

党的十九届四中全会将中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的显著优势概括为“十三个坚持”，这是坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信的基本依据，是强化中国国家制度和治理体系的执行能力，是把中国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能，从而实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的有力保证。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的强大生命力和巨大优越性主要表现为五个基本特性。

The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee summed up the strengths of Chinese socialism  and the governance system as “13 upholds”, which are the basis for fostering stronger confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of Chinese socialism. They are also strong guarantees for strengthening the implementation of China's state and governance systems, turning China’s institutional advantages into efficient state governance, and thereby achieving the Two Centenial Goals and realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. The strong vitality and great superiority of Chinese socialism and the state  governance system are shown through five basic characteristics as listed below.

一是坚定的战略导向性。实现现代化、实现共产主义远大理想是一代又一代中国共产党人接续奋斗的目标。为了实现这一目标，中国特色社会主义制度在发展完善过程中，始终坚持党的集中统一领导，坚持党的科学理论，保持政治稳定，确保国家始终沿着社会主义方向前进。中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导。中国特色现代国家治理体系是由经济、政治、社会等各领域子系统构成的复杂大系统，这一体系运转的轴心就是中国共产党。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，完成伟大事业必须靠党的领导。中国共产党能不能打仗，新中国的成立已经说明了；中国共产党人能不能搞建设搞发展，改革开放的推进也已经说明了；中国共产党人能不能在日益复杂的国际国内环境下坚持住党的领导、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，还需要一代又一代共产党人继续作出回答。

I. Unwavering strategic direction. Achieving modernization and the high ideal of communism is the ultimate goal of the Chinese communists, generation after generation. In order to reach this target, China has been persistently upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC, followed the CPC's scientific theories, maintained political stability, and ensured that the country keeps advancing along the socialist path while developing and improving Chinese socialist system. The defining feature of Chinese socialism is the leadership of the CPC, and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is also the leadership of the CPC. The modern state governance with Chinese characteristics is a complex system, composed of economic, political, societal, and other sub-systems, with the CPC as its axis. As Chinese socialism enters a new era, we must count on the leadership of the CPC for advancing and completing our great cause. The founding of the PRC has made it clear that the CPC is capable of winning in the battle field, and its successful reform and opening up has proved that the Chinese communists are capable of carrying out economic construction and social development. Now, facing increasingly complicated international and domestic environments, the next generations of Chinese communists must show whether they are capable of upholding the Party’s leadership, adhering to and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics.

二是系统的领域层次性。作为科学制度体系，中国特色社会主义制度涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、军事和外事等多个领域，层次清楚、特色鲜明。在经济方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展和按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，把社会主义制度和市场经济有机结合起来，不断解放和发展社会生产力。在政治方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持人民当家作主，发展人民民主，密切联系群众，紧紧依靠人民推动国家发展；坚持全面依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，切实保障社会公平正义和人民权利；坚持各民族一律平等，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，实现共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展；坚持“一国两制”，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，促进祖国和平统一。在文化方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持共同的理想信念、价值理念、道德观念，弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，促进全体人民在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起。在社会方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断保障和改善民生、增进人民福祉，走共同富裕道路。在外事和军事方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献；确保人民军队忠诚于党和人民，有力保障国家主权、安全、发展利益。面对复杂多变的治国理政新形势，中国特色社会主义科学制度体系还通过实行最严格的生态环境保护制度，全面建立资源高效利用制度，健全生态保护和修复制度以及严明生态环境保护责任制度等，不断提升系统完备性、拓展系统的领域层次。

II. Extensive and Systematic Coverage. As a scientific system, Chinese socialism covers many fields, including the economy, politics, culture, social and ecological progress, military affairs, and foreign affairs, with clear-defined priorities and distinctive features for each. 

On the economic front, it maintains the dominant role of public ownership while developing other forms of ownership, and implements multiple modes of distribution with “to each according to their work” as the principal form. This structure represents an effective combination of the socialist system and the market economy and helps create and unlock additional productive forces. 

In the political sphere, it respects the people’s status as masters of the country, promotes people’s democracy, maintains close ties with the people, and relies on the people to drive national development; it pursues law-based governance in all respects to build a socialist country under the rule of law, ensures social fairness and justice, and guarantees the rights of the people; it upholds equality between all ethnic groups, fosters a strong sense of national identity and work jointly for common prosperity and development; it upholds the principle of “one country, two systems” to maintain lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao, and promotes the peaceful reunification of China. 
In terms of culture, it advocates common ideals, values, and morals, promotes the best of Chinese traditions, socialist culture and revolutionary heritage, and unites the nation in shared beliefs and convictions.On the social front, it pursues a people-centered approach to development that improves quality of life and achieves prosperity for all. In foreign and military affairs, it maintains independence and self-reliance while opening to the outside world, with more active participation in global governance and a greater contribution to the building of a global community of shared future; it ensures the absolute loyalty of the armed forces to the Party and the people and their ability to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and national interests. Facing the complex and fast-changing new situation of governing the country, Chinese socialism has been expanded to include a system for eco-environmental conservation and restoration and an accountability system for eco-environmental protection by implementing the most stringent eco-environmental protection mechanism and enabling efficient utilization of resources in an all-round way.

三是整体的交互协同性。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系，结合经济、政治、文化、社会等各领域工作，实际构建起一整套相互衔接的根本制度、基本制度和重要制度，制度体系内各个部分不是彼此孤立的，而是交互连通的，具有高度的协同性。正如邓小平指出：“社会主义同资本主义相比较，它的优越性就在于能够做到全国一盘棋，集中力量，保证重点。”中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系能够集中力量办大事的优势不断凸显，首先是因为中国共产党的领导核心作用，这使得做决定有了一个权威，避免分散主义。习近平指出：“党的历史、新中国的发展历史表明，要治理好我们这个大党、治理好我们这个大国，保证党的团结和集中统一至关重要，维护好党中央权威至关重要。党中央有权威，党就有力量。如果党中央没有权威，党的理论和路线方针政策可以随意不执行，党就会变成一盘散沙，就会成为自行其是的’私人俱乐部’，党的领导就会成为一句空话。”其次，在完善国家制度和国家治理体系的过程中，中国共产党始终坚持民主集中制，将党的集中统一领导与人民的积极性、主动性结合起来。在充分发扬民主的基础上进行集中，汇聚全党智慧、体现全党意志，是中国共产党的一大创举。这样做，既有利于做到科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，避免发生重大失误甚至颠覆性错误；又有利于克服分散主义、本位主义，避免议而不决、决而不行，形成推进党和国家事业发展的强大合力。

III. Comprehensive interconnectivity and synergy. Chinese socialism and China’s state governance system is composed of a set of interconnected fundamental, basic, and important systems covering economic, political, cultural, social development and more. The various parts of the system are not isolated from one another but all interconnected with a high degree of synergy. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “Compared with capitalism, the advantage of socialism lies in the fact that the whole country can work together to concentrate strength on priority tasks. ” This advantage has become more and more prominent for two reasons.

First, the core leadership role of the CPC ensures a recognized authority in decision-making, thus avoiding decentralization. As Xi Jinping pointed out, “The CPC's history and the PRC’s course of development have proved that to govern this political party and this vast country, we must ensure solidarity, centralization, and unity of the CPC, and safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee. When the CPC Central Committee has authority, the Party has strength. If the CPC Central Committee had no authority, the Party’s theories, guidelines and policies could not have been implemented, the Party would have become fragmented and become a 'private club’, turning the Party’s leadership into empty voices.” 

Second, in the process of improving China's state and governance systems, the CPC has upheld democratic centralism and combined the Party’s centralized and unified leadership with the enthusiasm and initiative of the people. It is one of the many pioneering undertakings of the CPC to centralize on the basis of fully promoting democracy, to pull together all the wisdom and embody the will of the whole Party. In doing so, it is not only conducive to well-informed, democratic, and law-based decision-making while avoiding major or even subversive mistakes, it is also conducive to overcoming fragmentation and a silo mentality, averting discussions without decisions and decisions without actions, and forming a powerful joint force for the development of the Party and the state.

四是发展的自变适应性。坚持改革创新、与时俱进，善于自我完善、自我发展，使社会充满生机活力是中国国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的形成并不是一蹴而就的，而是根据内外部环境变化、不断发展完善自身的过程。在这一过程中，由于有实事求是的思想路线作为正确引导，有民主集中制作为体制保证，中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系成功实现了内外部物质与信息的交流互动，实现了自身的新陈代谢，革除了旧的、不适应环境变化的体制机制，建立起新的体制机制，使中国国家制度和国家治理体系更加具有活力，充满动力，同时也使马克思主义理论不断丰富发展。中国特色社会主义事业作为前无古人的开创性事业，前进道路不可能一帆风顺。事业越发展、改革越深入，新情况新问题就会越多，面临的风险和挑战就会越多，面对的不可预料的事情就会越多。因此，必须坚持马克思主义的发展观点，发挥历史的主动性和创造性，锐意进取、大胆探索，不断有所发现、有所创造、有所前进。推进全面深化改革，既要保持中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的稳定性和延续性，又要抓紧制定完善国家治理体系和治理能力现代化急需的制度、满足人民对美好生活新期待的制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度不断自我完善和发展、永葆生机活力。

IV. Proactive adaptability in development. Implementing further reform and innovation, keeping pace with the times, and pursuing constant self-development to bring about a more vibrant and dynamic society are some of the strengths of China's state and governance systems. Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the governance system are not institutionalized overnight; they are established through a lasting process of development and improvement in line with the changes of the internal and external environment. With seeking truth from facts as the ideological guidance and democratic centralism as the institutional guarantee in this process, Chinese socialist system and the state governance system have successfully revamped themselves through exchange and interaction of internal and external resources and information, and the replacement of outdated institutional mechanisms that no longer respond to changing circumstances with new ones. This adaptability not only makes China's state and governance systems more dynamic and vigorous, but also enriches the theory of Marxism. Blazing the trail in the cause of developing Chinese socialism would not be a smooth undertaking. With further development and reform, more unknown situations and problems will arise, along with more risks, challenges, and unforeseeable happenings. Therefore, the CPC must adhere to the Marxist vision of development, give full play to people’s initiative and creativity that would shape history, forge ahead with a daring mind, and make constant discoveries, innovations and advances. To further reform in an all-around way, the Party should not only maintain stability and continuity of the socialist system and state governance, it also needs to speed up the process of formulating and improving institutions that are urgently needed for modernizing the nation’s governance system and capacity, and meet people’s new expectations for a better life. By doing so, it will push the Chinese socialist system to continue to improve and develop with lasting vigor and vitality. 

五是广泛的开放包容性。制度的实质，即在于塑造人类社会关系的、稳定的秩序结构，促进人口以及各资源要素在不同层次之间的流动。中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持德才兼备、选贤任能，聚天下英才而用之，培养造就更多更优秀人才；坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献。今天，经济全球化大潮滚滚向前，新科技革命和产业变革深入发展，全球治理体系深刻重塑，国际格局加速演变，和平发展大势不可逆转。人类交往的世界性比过去任何时候都更深入、更广泛，各国相互联系和彼此依存比过去任何时候都更频繁、更紧密，和平、发展、合作、共赢已成为时代潮流。马克思、恩格斯指出：“各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。”历史和现实日益证明这个预言的科学价值。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系是马克思主义和中国改革开放相结合的产物，在其发展完善的过程中，开放包容性始终是其显著特性。中共十八大以来，中国人民始终不渝走和平发展道路，推进“一带一路”国际合作，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，积极参与引领全球治理体系改革和建设。中国特色社会主义制度的开放包容性使其在形成并不断发展完善的过程中能够充分吸收、借鉴人类文明和中国古代文明的发展成果，吸取、反思国外推进治理现代化和国际共产主义运动的经验教训。因此，中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的形成发展过程并非是在因循守旧下安之若素，而是在承纳衍化中推陈出新。

V. Openness and inclusiveness. Institutions essentially exist to shape a stable order and structure for human social relations, and facilitate the movement of people, resources and other elements in society across its various strata. China's state and governance systems select the best minds across the land based on their integrity and expertise, and prepares talent for the country’s future needs. It also maintains independence and self-reliance while opening to the outside world, with more active participation in global governance and a greater contribution to the building of a global community of shared future. Today, against the backdrop of economic globalization, a new round of technological and industrial revolution is unfolding, the system of global governance is being profoundly reshaped, and the international landscape is evolving at a faster pace. However, peace and development remain the irreversible trend of our times. Human exchanges are more profound and extensive than ever before, while countries are more frequently and closely connected and interdependent than at any time in the past. Peace, development and win-win cooperation have become the trend of the times. Marx and Engels point out that the more the original isolation of the separate nationalities is destroyed by the developed mode of production and intercourse and the division of labor between various nations naturally brought forth by these, the more history becomes world history. History and current reality have attested to the scientific value of this inference. Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the state  governance system are the results of the integration of Marxism and China's reform and opening up. The open and inclusive nature has remained their prominent feature over the course of development and improvement. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Chinese people have unwaveringly followed the path of peace and development, promoted international cooperation along the Belt and Road, created a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, and actively participated in the reform and development of the global governance system. Thanks to its open and inclusive nature, socialism with Chinese characteristics can draw extensively on the achievements of human civilization, in particular ancient Chinese civilization, and learn from and reflect on the lessons of foreign countries in modernizing their governance as well as the lessons of the international communist movement. Therefore, the formation and development of the Chinese socialist system and the state governance system do not stay unchanged. They constantly keep evolving.

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义行政体制，构建坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，是中国共产党的一项重大战略任务。党的十九届四中全会鲜明提出“十三个坚持和完善”，为顺利实现这一任务提供了科学指南。具体包括：坚持和完善党的领导制度体系，提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平；坚持和完善人民当家作主制度体系，发展社会主义民主政治；坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，提高党依法治国、依法职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系；坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，推动经济高质量发展；坚持和完善繁荣发展社会主义先进文化的制度，巩固全体人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础；坚持和完善统筹城乡的民生保障制度，满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要；坚持和完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，保持社会稳定、维护国家安全；坚持和完善生态文明制度体系，促进人与自然和谐共生；坚持和完善党对人民军队的绝对领导制度，确保人民军队忠实履行新时代使命任务；坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系，推进祖国和平统一；坚持和完善独立自主的和平外交政策，推动构建人类命运共同体；坚持和完善党和国家监督体系，强化对权力运行的制约和监督。

Upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the state governance system and capacity is an important strategic task for the CPC. The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee explicitly puts forward 13 aspects that we must uphold and improve to guide us to fulfill the task. The 13 aspects include: 

1.Upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the state governance system and capacity. 

2.Upholding and improving the systems and institutions for CPC leadership, with enhanced capacity for the CPC to exercise power based on informed decisions, democratic process and the rule of law. 

3.Upholding and improving the systems and institutions that ensure the people are masters of their own country, with continuous progress in socialist democracy.

4.Upholding and improving the rule of law under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and enhancing the CPC's capacity as the ruling party to pursue law-based governance. 

5.Upholding and improving the administrative system under socialism with Chinese characteristics, in a structure that ensures clearly defined duties and responsibilities and law-based administration.

6.Upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system with the focus on quality growth. 

7.Upholding and improving the systems that promote the best of socialist culture so that the whole nation is united under shared beliefs and goals. 

8.Upholding and improving social systems for urban and rural residents to satisfy the growing expectations for a better life. 

9.Upholding and improving social governance based on collaboration and broad participation, with the goal of benefiting all and ensuring social stability and national security. 

10.Upholding and improving the systems to promote eco-civilization so that humanity can live in harmony with nature. 

11.Upholding and improving the CPC's absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces so that they can fulfill their mission in the new era. 

12.Upholding and improving “one country, two systems” to promote peaceful reunification of the Chinese nation. 

13.Upholding and improving the independent foreign policy of peace and promoting a global community of shared future.

加强中国共产党对坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的领导，是中国国家制度和治理体系得以巩固和不断完善发展的强有力政治保障。只有在党中央统一领导下科学谋划、精心组织，远近结合、整体推进，党的十九届四中全会所确定的各项目标任务才能全面落实到位。各级党委和政府以及各级领导干部需要切实强化制度意识，带头维护制度权威，做制度执行的表率，带动全党全社会自觉尊崇制度、严格执行制度、坚决维护制度。加强制度理论研究和宣传教育，引导全党全社会充分认识中国特色社会主义制度的本质特征和优越性，坚定制度自信。推动广大干部严格按照制度履行职责、行使权力、开展工作，提高推进“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局等各项工作能力和水平。

CPC’s leadership in upholding and improving Chinese socialism and modernizing the state governance system and capacity is a strong political guarantee for consolidating and continuously improving China's state and governance systems. Only by sound planning, meticulous organization, the combination of long-term and short-term policies, and pushing ahead on all fronts under the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, can all the goals and tasks set by the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee be fully implemented and accomplished. Party committees, governments at all levels and their leading officials must have a stronger awareness of the systems, lead by example in safeguarding the authority of and enforcing the systems, and call upon the whole Party and the society to honor, enforce and safeguard the systems. The Party should strengthen theoretical research and education of the systems, guide the whole Party and the society to fully understand the defining feature and strengths of Chinese socialism, and remain highly confident in our systems. The CPC should urge all Party members to strictly act in line with the systems to fulfill their duties, exercise the power of office, and carry out their tasks, thus enhancing their capacities and standards in implementing the “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” and the “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy”.

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供稿：中国外文局中国翻译研究院

编辑：袁帆

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