意识的概念框架:我们的意识从注意图式产生?
导语
意识是哲学、心理学、神经科学和认知科学长期关注、尚未解决的核心问题。人们提出了多种理论来试图解释意识现象。普林斯顿大学教授 Michael S. A. Graziano 近年来致力于发展意识的注意图式理论(Attention Schema Theory, AST),并于今年 5 月 17 日在《美国科学院院刊(PNAS)》上发表题为 “A conceptual framework for consciousness” 的综述论文,给出他们对该理论的最新阐释。
在这篇论文中,研究者认为存在一个无需诉诸神秘主义的逻辑上合理的意识解释框架。文章首先提出描述大脑信息处理的两个背景原则,藉此可以得到一般性的框架来解释意识。然后描述了体现这些背景原则的一个具体理论,即注意图式理论,并给出支持该理论的来自行为学、脑成像和计算建模等方面的实验证据。基于这样一个基于注意的意识理论,探讨了意识在从鱼类到人类的数百万年中的进化。最后作者讨论了注意图式理论可以解释的五个问题和不能解释的三个问题,再次强调该理论的意义在于提供一个全面的总体框架,让我们可以科学地理解意识是什么,以及它在大脑功能中关键的适应性作用。
研究领域:意识,注意,身体图式,认知,进化
郭超 | 作者
李路凯 | 审校
邓一雪 | 编辑
论文题目:
A conceptual framework for consciousness
论文链接:https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2116933119
1. 意识研究的困境
1. 意识研究的困境
原则2:脑中构建的模型并不精确。
2. 体现两个原则的意识理论
2. 体现两个原则的意识理论
图 1. 身体图式和注意图式的比较。(A)身体图式是表征身体的一组信息,有助于更好地控制身体、更好地理解他人的身体形态、形成关于自己身体的认知信念和语言描述。(B)注意图式是表征注意的一组信息,有和身体图式类似的重要性。
3. 注意图式的证据
3. 注意图式的证据
(1)首先是意识与注意的关系
(2)其次是意识对他人注意的模拟
(3)注意图式的脑区
4. 意识的进化
4. 意识的进化
5. 注意图式理论的解释范围与局限
5. 注意图式理论的解释范围与局限
(1)注意图式理论可以解释的五个问题
(2)注意图式理论不能解释的三个问题
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