Wallmakers | 印度旋转屋PIROUETTE HOUSE

Original 不断前行的国际设计 2023-09-17

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正立面实景图 ©Jino Sam

项目位于印度特里凡得琅市一处拥挤的城市中心地带，四周遍布其他住宅项目，空间狭小。该居住地旨在营造一个内向性场所，所有空间都通向一个漏斗状的中央庭院。房屋是东西向的对外开放空间，可以最大程度交互通风。

Located right in the middle of an urban and crowded locale of Trivandrum, the site was a small plot that was being suffocated by other residential projects from all four sides. The idea of this residence was to have an inward facing house with all its spaces opening into a funneling central courtyard. The house is aligned in the East-West direction with openings facilitating for maximum cross-ventilation.

庭院空间，全部空间都通向庭院的内向形空间 ©Jino Sam

特里凡得琅市有很多劳里·贝克大师的作品，可以说这是一个对他十分有纪念意义的甚至可以改变他的职业生涯的城市。由于空斗墙砌石技术并不能挖掘土石或者制造砖块，并且考虑到特里凡得琅的砖窑发展并不景气，工人们选择使用线切割机来制造砖块。这同时也是劳里·贝克大师为拯救当地濒临失传的农业工艺做出的努力。

In the context of the city of Trivandrum that stands as a testimonial to many of Ar.Laurie Baker’s masterpieces, it seemed fit to modify one of his own introductions, the Rat trap bond masonry technique in this site which didn’t offer the opportunity for soil excavation or for making mud blocks. Keeping in mind that Brick kilns in Trivandrum is a dying industry with people opting out for wire-cut machine made bricks, this was also an attempt to promote this local agriculture based industry that is on the brink of extinction.

空斗墙砌石技术 ©Jino Sam

译者注：劳里·贝克大师被誉为“穷人的建筑师”。他1917年生于英国，1945年来到印度。在喜马拉雅山和西高止山地区的农民和部落居民中工作了20年。1989年，他加入了印度国籍。贝克使用当地常见材料建造美丽的建筑，致力于为穷人和中产阶级设计低造价的住宅。

Translator's note: Ar.Laurie Baker is known as "an architect for the poor".Born in England in 1917, Baker came to India in 1945. He worked for 20 years among farmers and tribesmen in the Himalayas and the Western Ghats before being recognized as an Indian citizen in 1989.During his architectural career in India, Baker became renowned for building beautiful houses with local materials. These low-cost houses were aimed at clients from the lower class and the lower-middle class.

空斗墙砌石技术是墙体建造过程中一种砌砖方法，砖块不是按照传统的方式水平摆放，而是竖直摆放。这种技术可以在墙体中产生空腔，提高了热效率，且节约了砖块数量，是一种理想的隐藏结构构件和服务管道的建造方式。

The Rat trap bond is a brick masonry method of wall construction in which bricks are placed in vertical position instead of conventional horizontal position and thus creating a cavity within the wall that increases thermal efficiency, cuts down on the total volume of bricks used and is ideal for concealing structural members and service ducts.

工人在砌墙 ©Jino Sam

阳台空间，可见砖墙的排布 ©Jino Sam

这个建造想法在设计中进一步拓展，构造了一系列左右摆动的斜墙，并汇聚在一起支撑钢筋网水泥外壳屋顶。每一面交错的墙壁都是为了弥补该住宅空间不足的问题而量身定制，以此来扩充空间体量并提升私密性。

The idea was further developed to form a series of slanting walls that danced left and right, converging only to support the ferrocement shell roof. Each staggered wall has been tailor-made to suit the issue of deficiency in space that this residence posed, aiming to create larger volumes and a feeling of privacy.

一层卧室，交错的墙壁扩大了使用空间 ©Jino Sam

儿童卧室，交错的墙壁扩大了使用空间 ©Jino Sam

施工阶段留下来的脚手架钢管很快得到回收再利用，做成中央楼梯和格栅。秉持“不浪费任何东西”的原则，木板也拼凑起来做成了生活区的地板。

Scaffolding pipes left behind from the construction stage soon were reused to form the central staircase and the grillwork. Keeping in mind the principle of discarding nothing as ‘waste’ the wooden planks were also pieced together to form part of the flooring in the living areas.

一楼主卧秋千，脚手架做成格栅 ©Jino Sam

建筑师把附近获得的藤条处理后缠绕在格栅上，创造了巧妙的屏障，遮住室内各种各样的家具，增强私密性。

Cane has been acquired from the neighbourhood, treated and wound around the grillwork to create subtle screens for privacy and for various furniture.

建筑门口，脚手架上缠绕藤条 ©Jino Sam

楼梯，脚手架上缠绕藤条 ©Jino Sam

地板和部分墙面涂成灰色和黄色。

Floor and selected walls have been finished with grey and yellow oxides.

盥洗室，墙面刷成黄色和灰色 ©Jino Sam

旋转屋以“最后的莫西干人”的烧砖为特色，这也是在歌颂劳里·贝克的星光实践。空间由纯粹的几何图形和墙壁构成的图案构成。墙壁仿佛有了生命，旋转了起来。

The Pirouette House features the “Last of the Mohicans” fired bricks as an ode to the stellar practice of Laurie Baker with spaces that are made beautiful by the pure geometry and patterns created by the walls that seem to be coming alive and pirouetting around.

庭院仰视图，墙面构成图案 ©Jino Sam

入口庭院 ©Jino Sam

客厅 ©Jino Sam

餐厅 ©Jino Sam

厨房 ©Jino Sam

夜景 ©Jino Sam

项目图纸

一层平面图 ©Wallmakers

二层平面图 ©Wallmakers

剖面图 ©Wallmakers

项目名称　PIROUETTE HOUSE

项目位置　印度，特里凡得琅