【视界】成就大国关系典范，且看中俄共同崛起（中英双语）

全文2986汉字，1616单词，读完约需10分钟。

---

作者王文系中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、全球治理研究中心执行理事，本文刊于4月4日观察者网，原标题为《中俄共同崛起，对世界意味着什么》，英文删减版刊于Global Times，原标题为“A common rise: future of Sino-Russian relations”。

编者按：2018年4月3日-4日，俄罗斯最大规模的经济大会“莫斯科经济论坛”在莫斯科举行，约1500位来自欧亚大陆各界政要名流智库学者商界人士参加了论坛。会议就俄罗斯发展及与世界关系的各类议题展开了半天主题大会、20多场分论坛的讨论。中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长王文受邀在主题大会、分论坛“欧亚联盟与‘一带一路’战略对接”上先后发言，以及担任主办方欢迎晚宴的演讲嘉宾代表致辞，现将相关内容翻译整理如下：

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、全球治理研究中心执行理事王文受邀发言

感谢Sergey Glazyev院士的邀请。这些年在他的努力下，中俄两国在经济决策议题上的相互了解更加深刻了。对于中国智库而言，今年的一个重大议题，如何理解中国改革开放40年？为什么中国这个国家，同一政党、同样的人民、同样的国土面积，没有发动战争，也没有产生社会不稳定，过去30多年从贫穷状态里走出来，完全变了样？这个问题值得全世界学习，其中一些经济崛起的发展经验也值得俄罗斯学习。当然，俄罗斯的全球操盘手（Global Actor）的崛起经验也非常值得中国学习。中俄到了相互学习的重要新阶段。

从历史演变律的角度看，中国与俄罗斯都处在冷战结束以来最强盛的时刻。两国面临着几乎完全相同的六大历史使命：实现国家复兴，维护主权完整，推进经济转型，承担国际责任，维护世界和平，推动全球发展。如何共同崛起，是新时代下中俄关系的重要议题，也关系到世界的未来。

Viewed from the perspective of the law of historical evolution, both China and Russia are at their strongest since the end of the Cold War. The two countries are faced with six near-identical historical missions: attain national rejuvenation, safeguard sovereignty and integrity, promote economic transformation, assume international responsibility, safeguard world peace and promote global development. The question of their common rise is an important topic in Sino-Russian relations in the new era, concerning also the future of the world.

欧美国家应相信，中俄真的在崛起 

West Underestimates China and Russia

目前，在欧美国家的媒体与公众舆论中，都存在对中俄是否真的崛起的怀疑论调。对俄罗斯而言，历史上曾出现过几次鼎盛时期，如彼得大帝时代、叶卡捷琳娜时代和苏联时代，到了20世纪末，俄罗斯出现了短暂的衰退。2000年普京执政以来，一直将实现俄罗斯的民族复兴作为执政目标。2017年俄罗斯GDP是1999年的8倍多，外汇储备是1999年的36倍多。

Doubts about the reality of China and Russia's rise abound in European and US media. Despite a brief dip at the end of the 20th century, Russia has traversed several halcyon periods in history, such as the era of Peter the Great, the era of Ekaterina and the Soviet era. Since becoming president in 2000, Vladimir Putin has always made it a ruling goal to realize rejuvenation of the Russian nation. In 2017, Russia's GDP and foreign exchange reserves were more than eight and 36 times the figures in 1999, respectively.

过去18年，俄罗斯社会保持着基本稳定，没有发生过重大金融危机、种族冲突、枪击事件、政治恶斗，俄罗斯的军事、外交影响力在全球领先，几乎所有重大全球事件都离不开俄罗斯。2014年、2018年俄罗斯分别举办索契奥运会、足球世界杯，再次提升了俄罗斯影响力。无论欧美媒体如何唱衰俄罗斯，中国比欧美国家更确信，过去18年俄罗斯的发展是明显的，俄罗斯正走在民族复兴的路上。

Russian society has remained essentially stable for the past 18 years, unperturbed by major financial or political crises, ethnic conflicts or mass shootings. Russia's world-leading military and diplomatic influence have located it at the center of almost all major global events. Its influence was enhanced by the 2014 Sochi Olympics and 2018 FIFA World Cup. However, while European and US media might trumpet Russia's impending downfall, China is convinced that its evident development over the past 18 years has set the country on a course of national rejuvenation.

更重要的是，中国比欧美国家更尊重俄罗斯，更把俄罗斯视为是天然的大国。俄罗斯是世界上国土面积最大的国家，自然资源丰富，其中森林、天然气资源居世界第一，淡水、煤铁等资源也占据优势。优越的自然禀赋使俄罗斯成为了天然的大国。更特殊的是，相当多的中国人对俄罗斯还保有苏联“老大哥”情结，对二战以来俄罗斯给予的各项援助长期有感激之情。

Crucially, and more so than either Europe or the US, China respects Russia as a natural power. The world's largest country by land mass, Russia abounds with natural resources, including forests, natural gas, fresh water, coal and iron. Owing to this superiority, Russia has become a natural power. More specifically, many Chinese still profess a nostalgic attachment to the Soviet "Big Brother," and have been grateful for Russian assistance since World War II.

很奇怪的是，当前欧美国家媒体与公众舆论对中国也长期存在误判。“中国威胁论”、“中国崩溃论”经常周期性地流行。他们似乎忘了，中国也是天然大国，中国人口全球第一，经济总量全球第二，国土面积全球第三。经过改革开放40年的努力，中国已成为全球最大贸易国、全球最大电子商务国、全球最大的消费市场，是最有前途的全球大国之一。

Media and public opinion in Europe and the US have a curious habit of misjudging China, with the "China threat" and "China collapse" theories periodic favorites. What they seem to forget or discount is the fact that China, a natural power in its own right, has the world's largest population, second-largest economy and third-largest land mass. After four decades of reform and opening-up, China has become the world's largest trade country, e-commerce country, consumer market and a most promising global power.

如果欧美国家发自内心地相信中俄真的在崛起，且不可遏制地走在民族复兴的道路上，他们对中俄的不理解、不尊重可能就会少得多。

If Europe and the US truly believed in China and Russia's rise, and that the two are irreversibly set on the path of national rejuvenation, their lack of understanding and respect should decrease substantially.

西方低估了中俄的世界贡献 

Positive Forces for World Progress

从西方现实主义国际关系理论看，两个崛起的大国是不可能和平相处的，但中俄关系打破了理论桎梏，且成为全球大国关系的典范。

The Western realist tradition in international relations deems it impossible for two rising powers to live together peaceably. Yet Sino-Russian relations have proven the patent falsity of such nay-saying, becoming the model of global great power relations.

冷战期间，中苏关系虽然出现过波折，但普京执政以来，中俄关系迅速升温。2008年，中俄黑瞎子岛边界揭牌，标志着两国彻底解决了领土争端问题，为21世纪国家之间解决领土争端树立了典范。2014年，中俄签订的《全面战略协作伙伴关系》协议，标志着两国高水平的战略互信关系又迈上新台阶，两国在诸多领域开展了合作。

Although it has not always been smooth sailing during the Cold War, relations between China and Russia have warmed rapidly since Putin's presidency. The signature on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement in 2014 marked a new phase in high-level strategic mutual trust between China and Russia, opening the way to cooperation in many fields.

在涉及全球重大问题中，两国相互信任、相互配合，展现了亲密无间的战略信任，在朝鲜半岛危机、叙利亚危机中，两国始终保持沟通，统一立场。在全球治理中，中俄共同发力，以上合组织、金砖组织、G20为平台，共同推动区域合作与全球治理。在涉及两国重大事件中，两国也相互支持，2014年西方抵制索契冬奥会之际，习主席亲自出席予以支持；2017年，两国在双方敏感海域南海和波罗的海分别进行了联合军事演习，以此表达相互支持。在经济方面，中国已经连续8年成为俄罗斯的最大贸易伙伴国。

On major global issues, the two countries have displayed close strategic trust and cooperation, maintaining communication and a united stand in the Korean Peninsula and Syrian crises. In global governance, China and Russia have worked together to promote regional cooperation and global governance by leveraging such platforms as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS and the G20. Mutual support has also been evinced in major events concerning the two countries. Chinese President Xi Jinping personally attended the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games that were boycotted by the West; joint military exercises held in the sensitive water of the South China and Baltic Seas in 2017 are all expressions of mutual support. On the economic front, China has been Russia's largest trading partner for eight consecutive years.

中俄两国元首也保持着密切关系，过去5年间，习近平主席和普京总统会面高达20多次。王毅外长在两会期间也指出：“中俄关系没有最好，只有更好。”历史上，很少有两个同时崛起的大国，能够表现出如此战略互信与全球合作的状态。可以说，21世纪以来，中俄两国在各个方面都保持着亲密的伙伴关系，是新时代全球大国关系的典范。

The leaders of both countries have always maintained close personal relations, with Xi and Putin meeting no less than 20 times over the past five years. Foreign Minister Wang Yi noted during the Two Sessions that "Sino-Russian relations can only get better." Historically, few big powers rising simultaneously have shown such a heightened state of strategic mutual trust and global cooperation. 

更重要的是，中俄在全球的责任值得西方正视。作为安理会常任理事国，中俄两国也一直致力于维护世界的和平与稳定，例如，两国是《核不扩散条约》、《禁止化学武器公约》、《禁止生物武器公约》、《全面禁止核试验条约》的签署国，也积极呼吁国际社会参与到世界“无核化”进程中。

Moreover, China and Russia's global responsibility deserves the West's attention. As permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, the two countries have been and remain committed to maintaining world peace and stability. Both China and Russia are signatories to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, Chemical Weapons Convention, Biological Weapons Convention and Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. They have also actively and consistently called upon the international community to participate in global denuclearization.

21世纪以来，全球发生了许多负面与消极事件，如911恐怖袭击、阿富汗战争、伊拉克战争、全球金融危机、伊斯兰国恐怖主义、难民浪潮、逆全球化、反自由贸易浪潮等等，俄罗斯与中国都不是这些重大负面事件的起因，相反，复兴中的中国和俄罗斯都是维护世界积极发展的关键力量。中俄支持全球化、WTO、应对气候变化、国际体系改革、反恐、反对民粹主义，是主张维持二战以来国际秩序的力量。近30多年来，中国从没发动过对外战争；俄罗斯也从未主动挑起过对外战争，曾经或当前卷入的冲突都直接或间接与其领土完整、国家稳定、民族矛盾调解等关系到其切身利益的事务有关，应该得到国际社会的理解。可以说，同在复兴中的中俄两国是世界进步的正向能量、积极力量和稳定力量。

The 21st century has been ravaged by such negative and adverse events as the 9/11 attacks, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the global financial crisis, terrorism in the form of IS, refugees, as well as anti-globalization and anti-free trade sentiment. Far from being instigators or causes of these major events, China and Russia are key forces for safeguarding positive world development. The two countries advocate maintenance of the post-World War II international order by supporting globalization, the fight against climate change, reforming the international system, combating terrorism and opposing populism. China and Russia, both in the process of rejuvenation, are positive and stable forces for world progress.

欧美有许多媒体常将俄罗斯、中国的报道采取负面报道，视中俄两国为全球秩序的革命者。这种看法是不客观的，也是不正确的。

全球应当支持中俄的共同崛起 

Global Problems Call for Global Reform

中俄两国的发展既得益于和平与稳定国际环境下的深度合作，也离不开两国对内改革与对外合作。中俄应当继续携手，成为全球和平稳定、合作共赢与改革转型的积极力量。

China and Russia's development benefits not only from deep cooperation in a stable and peaceful international environment, but is also inextricably tied to internal reform and foreign cooperation. China and Russia should join forces and continue acting as agents for global peace and stability, win-win cooperation and evolutionary transformation.

第一，中俄应当继续维系世界和平，反对战争与分裂主义，反对恐怖主义、贸易战、金融战、信息战的威胁。目前，特朗普治下的美国正在挑起贸易战，正在以各种退出的方式破坏国际体系，正在成为全球不确定性的因素，世界应当团结起来防范不确定性的来临。

First, China and Russia should continue to maintain world peace in the face of war, separatism, terrorism, as well as the threat of trade, financial and information wars. At present, the Trump government is provoking a trade war, systematically undermining international institutions through various withdrawals. It is becoming a factor of global uncertainty, and the world should come together to guard against it. 

同样，一个强大的俄罗斯与强大的中国有助于世界和平。中俄两国具有作为全球天然大国的民族复兴使命。2018年3月，中国完成了新一轮换届，中国正在加速致力于国家统一，支持朝鲜半岛来之不易的缓和与稳定，在这方面，世界应更加理解与支持中国的努力。

In the same vein, a strong Russia and China contribute to world peace. As global natural powers, the two countries bear the mission of national rejuvenation. In March 2018, China completed a new round of political transition. It is accelerating its commitment to national reunification and support of the hard-won détente and stability on the Korean Peninsula. In this regard, the world should better understand and support China's efforts.

第二，世界应加强战略对接，通过全面合作促进下一轮的各国发展。当前全球存在的巨大“发展赤字”，应当通过深化合作，而不是像西方某些媒体与领导人那样怪罪于他国的方式来解决。

Second, the world should strengthen strategic interfacing and promote the next round of national development through comprehensive cooperation. The considerable current "development deficit" should be cured by deepening cooperation instead of blaming others, as some Western media and leaders have done.

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、全球治理研究中心执行理事王文接受多家媒体采访

5年前，中国推出“一带一路”倡议与80多个国家与国际组织签署了合作协议，对下一轮经济全球化推动极大。2017年5月，“一带一路”高峰论坛期间，中俄两国就“一带一路”倡议和“欧亚经济联盟”对接展开合作，其中“冰上丝绸之路”是两国两大倡议对接的重要领域。2017年12月8日，中俄共建“亚马尔LNG”项目第一条生产线的正式投产标志着两国对接合作取得重大成果。中国欢迎欧洲和美国更多地参与到这项倡议中来。目前，贸易战是影响当前全球化合作的重要因素之一，美国发动的贸易战不利于国际合作。中国并不是美国贸易战的唯一受害者，国际社会应该共同应对美国贸易战威胁。

Five years ago, China pushed forward the next round of economic globalization by launching the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which saw the signing of cooperation agreements with more than 80 countries and international organizations. During the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in May 2017, China and Russia engaged in cooperation on connecting the BRI and Eurasian Economic Union, with the "Silk Road on Ice" being a major component. On December 8, production began on the first line of the joint Sino-Russian Yamal LNG program, representing a major achievement in connecting cooperation. China welcomes increased European and US involvement in this initiative. Launched by the US, the trade war is most inimical to international cooperation and an important factor affecting globalization. China is not its sole victim, and the international community should work together to deal with the threat.

第三，让改革成为世界的普世价值。全球难题需要全球改革才能解决。

Third, reform should become a universal world value.

今年是中国改革开放40周年。中国发展成就归功于对内进行的大规模有效改革与对外开放。中国当前深化改革也为促进中国经济结构转型，释放经济发展空间提供机遇。普京上台后，也在政治、经济、军事等领域推动一系列大刀阔斧改革。可以说，内部改革是两国破除经济发展阻力，增强国家发展内核动力的重要方式。

Global problems can only be solved by global reform. 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up in China. China owes much of its achievements to large-scale, effective reform and opening-up to the outside world. China's current deepening of reform also provides opportunities for promoting the structural transformation of its economy, freeing up space for economic development. Since coming to power, Putin also initiated wide-ranging reform in areas such as politics, the economy and the military. Internal reform is, therefore, a means of overcoming resistance to economic development and strengthening the inner driver for national development.

当前全球治理体系的转型是历史发展大势所趋，中国在这个历史进程中积极发挥引领作用，推动国际社会正向改革。中国提出的“亚投行”、“一带一路”倡议是填补国际公共产品缺口，弥合发展赤字，推动全球改革的重要举措。近年来，中俄两国在推动改革世界不公平旧秩序中发挥着重要作用。两国参与建立的金砖国家银行为推动世界金融改革提供新思路。当然，改革不等于简单的推翻重建，改革需要考虑当前的发展情况。

Transformation of the current system of global governance coheres with the general trend of historical development. China plays an active role in this historical process, advancing positive reform of the international community. China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the BRI are important measures for filling the gap in international public goods, reducing the development deficit and promoting global reform. In recent years, China and Russia have played pivotal roles in promoting reform of the old and unfair world order. The BRICS bank established by the two countries supplies fresh ideas for promoting world financial reform. It goes without saying that reform needs more than simply overthrowing the existing structure and building anew. It must also account for current developments.

总之，中俄共同崛起是和平的复兴、合作的复兴。改革是确保和平、促进合作的重要方式。中俄也致力于推动“共享的复兴”，中俄需要复兴，美国也需要复兴、欧洲也需要复兴。复兴是大多数国家的发展主题，符合大多数国家的长远利益。但是“复兴”不是零和博弈的过程，而是共同合作的过程。共同改革才能推动共同复兴。

In sum, the common rise of China and Russia is the rejuvenation of peace and cooperation. Reform is an important guarantor of peace and promoter of cooperation. Both countries are committed to promoting shared rejuvenation, a theme that accords with the national development priorities of many countries and coheres with their long-term interests. Yet one would be wrong to think of rejuvenation as a zero-sum game. Rather, it is a process of cooperation. Only joint reform can promote common rejuvenation.

莫斯科经济论坛现场

更多阅读：

关 于 我 们

中国人民大学全球治理研究中心(Global Governance Research Center，RUC)成立于2017年3月9日，是北京巨丰金控科技有限公司董事长马琳女士向中国人民大学捐赠并由中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）负责运营管理的教育基金项目。中国人民大学全球治理研究中心由原外交部副部长、人大重阳高级研究员何亚非领衔，前中国银行副行长、国际商会执行董事、人大重阳高级研究员张燕玲担任学术委员会主任，旨在构建高层次、高水准的全球治理思想交流平台，并向社会发布高质量的全球治理研究报告，努力践行咨政、启民、伐谋、孕才的智库使命。

欢迎关注“全球治理研究中心”微信公众号

globalgovernance2017

长按二维码关注我们