BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 21 | Oman 阿曼
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The Sultanate of Oman is a country in Southwest Asia, on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates in the northwest, Saudi Arabia in the west, and Yemen in the southwest. The country also contains Madha, an enclave enclosed by the United Arab Emirates, and Musandam, an exclave also separated by Emirati territory.
阿曼位于亚洲西南部，阿拉伯半岛东南海岸。西北部与阿拉伯联合酋长国接壤，西部接沙特阿拉伯，西南部与也门接壤。它还包括被阿拉伯联合酋长国包围的飞地Madha和被阿联酋领土隔开的Musandam。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Oman has three stripes (white, green and red) with a red bar on the left that contains the national emblem of Oman (Dagger and two swords). Green represents life; white represents peace.
阿曼国旗有三条条纹（白色、绿色和红色），左边有一根红色的横杆，其上面有阿曼国徽（匕首和两把剑）。绿色代表生命，白色代表和平。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of Oman is "as-Salam as-Sultan," meaning "Royal Salute or Sultanic Salute."
阿曼国歌是“as-Salam as-Sultan”，意思是“苏丹颂歌”
Currency 货币
Rial Banknotes 里亚尔钞票
The official language of Oman is Arabic, its official currency is Rial.
阿曼的官方语言是阿拉伯语，它的官方货币是里亚尔。
Kanjar 匕首
The national symbol of Oman has a pair of crossed Khanjars. This symbol is also used on the national flag and other government logos. It is a symbol of manhood and bravery.
阿曼的国家象征有一对交叉的匕首。这个符号也用在国旗和其他政府标志上。它代表男汉子和勇敢。
Interesting history note 有趣历史事实
Did you know that the capital city of Oman was once located in another country entirely? Well, Stone Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania in eastern Africa was once the capital city of Oman. Zanzibar was under the ruling of the Portuguese for around two centuries. Then, in 1698, the Omanis fought them out and took control of Zanzibar. Lots of Omanis traveled to settle in Zanzibar. They built new homes, and established their trade and industries on the new land. Even today, there are still some Omani families who live in Zanzibar, and some Omanis speak Swahili, which is the native language of Zanzibar. There are also some Zanzibaris who have settled and are still living in various parts of Oman.
你知道吗？阿曼首都曾经完全在另一个国家吗？嗯，东非坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔岛的石头镇曾经是阿曼的首都。桑给巴尔在葡萄牙人统治下大约两个世纪。然后，在1698年，阿曼人将葡萄牙人赶出桑给巴尔，并控制了桑给巴尔。再后来，许多阿曼人前往桑给巴尔定居。他们建造了新的家园，并在新的土地上建立了贸易和工业。即使在今天，仍然有一些阿曼人住在桑给巴尔，一些在阿曼的当地人仍然还讲斯瓦希里语，这是桑给巴尔的母语。也有一些桑给巴尔人在阿曼定居。
Natural Resources 自然资源:
Natural resources include but not limited to Petroleum, copper, asbestos, marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas, copper, dates, pearls, fish, etc
自然资源包括但不限于石油、铜、石棉、大理石、石灰石、铬、石膏、天然气、铜、枣、珍珠、鱼等等。
Muscat 马斯喀特
Muscat is the capital city of Oman; government offices are located in this city. It is formed by three towns, Muscat proper, Matrah, and Ruwi. Muscat proper is where you can find royal palaces, Matrah is home to Matrah souq, and Ruwi is the commercial and diplomatic center of the city. The city is described as historic, adventurous, and geologically stunning. Some describe it as "big, soul-satisfying place to visit" and much more.
马斯喀特是阿曼的首都，政府办公楼设在这个城市。马斯喀特由三个城镇组成，马斯喀特、马特拉和鲁维。在马斯喀特市区的特点是皇宫，在马特拉有马特拉苏克，鲁维是城市的商业和外交中心。这座城市被描述为具有历史性、冒险性和地理的魅力。有些人把它形容为“大的、令人满意的地方”。
National Museum 国家博物馆
The national museum opened in 2016, its primary aim is to showcase Oman's heritage since the earliest human settlement in the country.
国家博物馆于2016年开放，其主要目的是展示国家历史以来所有的文化和历史。
Bait Al-Zubair Museum
Bait Al-Zubair博物馆
Bait al Zubair museum is a museum with great exhibitions. You can find a lot of items such as attires, the khanjar, jewelry, household items, stamps, manuscripts, coins and medals, and a lot more items.
在这个博物馆你可以看到很多物品，比如衣服、汗衫、珠宝、家用物品、邮票、手稿、硬币，奖章，还有更多的物品。
Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque 苏旦卡布斯大礼拜寺
The Grand Mosque used to hold world Guinness records for the biggest chandelier and carpet. You need to observe the dress code before visiting this Grand Mosque. The construction of the mosque took six years. The prayer carpet inside the mosque, which was handmade in Iran took four years to complete and is said to be the second-largest single Persian carpet in the world, made up of up to 20 colors in different shades, all hued using natural dyes.
大清真寺曾经拥有世界最大的吊灯和地毯的吉尼斯世界纪录。在参观这座大清真寺之前，你必须遵守着装规定。清真寺的修建花了六年时间。清真寺内的祈祷地毯是伊朗手工制作的，花了4年时间才做完的，据说是世界上第二大单波斯地毯，由多达20种不同色调的颜色组成，全部采用天然染料染色。
Royal Opera House in Muscat 马斯喀特皇家歌剧院
The Royal Opera House in Muscat is a prominent arts and culture venue. The Sultan of Oman Qabous bin Said has always been fond of the arts and classical music. The institution hosts different shows and artists from all over the world. Plácido Domingo, Andrea Bocelli and Yo Yo Ma are just some of the names that performed at here. The opera’s remarkable architecture is a fusion of contemporary architecture with historical Omani architectural styles and is a must-see attraction when visiting Muscat.
马斯喀特皇家歌剧院是一个著名的艺术和文化场所。阿曼苏丹卡布斯宾赛义德，一直喜欢艺术和古典音乐。该机构引来来自世界各地的各种演出和艺术家。帕西多·多明戈、安德里亚·博切利和马友友都在这里表演过。歌剧院卓越的建筑是当代建筑与阿曼历史建筑风格的融合，是参观马斯喀特时必看的景点。
Old Muscat马斯喀特古城
This is the location of the Sultan’s Palace and many ministry buildings. There are also forts, beautiful houses, a golf course, and beaches.
这是苏丹宫殿和许多政府部门建筑的所在地。这里还有堡垒、漂亮的房子、高尔夫球场和海滩。
The Souk 市集
Muttrah souk
穆特拉苏克
This is a great place for shopping.
这里是购物最好的地方。
Wadi Shab 瓦迪沙布
This is proclaimed the most gorgeous destination in Oman. People who love hiking and swimming will definitely love this place. To get to the beginning of the Wadi Shab hike, you must take a very short boat ride across the very wide river.
这是阿曼最美丽的旅游目的地。喜欢徒步旅行和游泳的人一定会喜欢这个地方。要开始瓦迪沙布徒步旅行必须乘一个船穿过很宽的河。
Nizwa City尼兹瓦市
Nizwa is one of the largest cities in the Ad Dakhiliyah (interior) region of Oman and is also the former capital. Nizwa breathes culture and history, as one of the oldest cities in Oman, it has so many different historical sites and ancient forts to explore and see. Nizwa Fort is a historical and cultural experience not to be missed as one of the largest forts in the country, and home to a museum and various exhibitions.
尼兹瓦是阿曼阿德达赫利耶（内陆）地区最大的城市之一，也是前首都。作为阿曼最古老的城市之一，尼兹瓦有着悠久的文化和历史，它有许多不同的历史遗迹和古老的城堡。尼兹瓦堡是一个历史和文化经验不容错过的最大的堡垒之一，也有一个博物馆和各种展览。
Bahla 巴拉
One of the notable features in Bahla is the 13th-century Bahla Fort, and Bahla is one of the UNESCO's world heritage site, it is enclosed by a fortified wall stretching 12kms.
Bahla的显著特征之一是13世纪的Bahla堡垒，Bahla是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产之一，它被一个12公里长的加固墙包围着。
Jabrin Castle 贾布林城堡
Built in 1675 AD, Jabrin Castle was built by Imam Bil’arab Bin Sultan of the Ya’ruba dynasty who is believed to have been a lover of the arts and poetry. His father is well known for ousting the Portuguese from the country. Bil’arab was known for his strong admiration for poets and scholars. Ancient paintings, Koranic verses and even some quotes and lines of poetry can still be seen on the walls.
贾布林城堡建于公元1675年，由雅鲁巴王朝的伊玛目比尔阿拉伯本苏丹建造，他被认为是艺术和诗歌的爱好者。他的父亲以驱逐葡萄牙人出境而闻名。阿拉伯比勒以他对诗人和学者的强烈崇拜而闻名。贾布林城堡墙上仍然可以看到古画、古兰经诗句。
Majlis Al Jinn – Jebel Bani Jabir
吉恩·杰贝尔·巴尼·贾比尔
Located within the Jebel Bani Jabir in the Al Sahrqiya region of Oman is a site made up of three deep shafts, one of which leads to the infamous Majlis Al Jinn chambers, or the second largest cave in the world. This huge underground cave is large enough to hold a large building. The Arabic term ‘jinn’ which makes up part of the cave’s name, can be translated into English as ‘spirits.’ It is the meeting place of spirits according to local legends.
位于阿曼Al Sahrqiya地区的杰贝尔·巴尼·贾比尔由三个深自然竖井组成的，其中一个通往 Majlis Al Jinn 密室，这也是世界上第二个最大的洞穴。这个山洞地下室很大，足够装一个大楼。阿拉伯语的“Jinn”可以译成“灵魂”。这是地方传说中的灵魂聚会地点。
Sur City 苏尔市
The city of Sur is a coastal and ancient port town that is around 300 km away from Muscat. Sur was one of the regions occupied by the Portuguese back in the 16th century. This historic port played a crucial role in the trade relations between the Sultanate of Oman, India, Africa and East Asia, it is also known as a great shipbuilding town. Sur today has many different sites to visit, including forts, a turtle beach and a turtle reserve, in addition to the Maritime Museum and the old shipyards.
苏尔市是一个沿海古老的港口城市，距离马斯喀特大约300公里。苏尔在16世纪时被葡萄牙人占领的地区之一。这座历史悠久的港口在阿曼、印度、非洲与东亚的贸易关系中发挥了至关重要的作用，它也被称为一座造船业重镇。在这个城市有许多不同的景点，包括堡垒，海龟海滩，海龟保护区，海洋博物馆和旧造船厂。
Tomb of Bibi Maryam in Qalhat
喀拉特玛里扬奶奶的墓
Qalhat is said to be Oman’s first capital and was once upon a time a great, prosperous city, trade hub and old port. It played an important role in the 14th and 15th centuries for the Kingdom of Hormuz and was an important stop on the Indian Ocean trade network. Today, hardly anything remains of the great city of Qalhat except for one landmark, the tomb of Bibi Maryam, also known as the Mausoleum of Lady Maryam.
据说，喀拉特是阿曼的第一个首都，曾经是一个繁荣的大城市、贸易中心和老港口。它在14和15世纪对霍尔木兹王国发挥了重要作用，是印度洋贸易网络的重要站。目前，除了一个地标性建筑，也就是被称为玛里扬夫人陵墓的玛里扬奶奶陵墓外，几乎没有任何一座伟大城市的遗迹。
People and Culture 人与文化
Oman is developing while keeping tradition and culture, e.g. the traditional fishing. Most of the Oman people are Muslim. Women cover their head and most do not cover their faces (when they do, they use traditional masks with different shapes depending on their region).
阿曼在保持传统和文化（如传统渔业）的同时也在发展。大多数阿曼人是穆斯林。女人遮住她们的头，大多数不遮住她们的脸（当她们遮住的时候，她们会根据自己的地区使用不同形状的传统面具）。
Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said 苏丹卡布斯本赛义德
Soccer team 国足
Food and Drinks 食物和饮料
Omani food is a fusion of spices, marinades and herbs. Chicken, lamb and rice are staples, seasoned with ingredients like saffron, ginger and nutmeg giving it a unique flavor. Due to its long coastline bordering the Arabian Sea, many kinds of seafood are consumed and shark is a delicacy.
阿曼食物大部分用香料、腌料和香草。鸡肉、羊肉和米饭是主食，用藏红花、生姜和肉豆蔻等配料调味，味道独特。由于其漫长的海岸线与阿拉伯海接壤，许多种类的海鲜被食用，鲨鱼是一种美味。
Majboos 马吉布斯
Also named Kabsa, this dish is rice mixed with saffron cooked with spicy red or white meat. It is always served on special occasions like weddings and engagements.
这个食物也叫Kabsa，是用辣红肉或白肉做的藏红花拌米饭。它大部分是在特殊的场合上食用的，如婚礼和宴会。
Shuwa 舒瓦
Shuwa is a celebratory Omani dish that is only prepared on special occasions like Eid.
舒瓦也是阿曼的一道庆祝菜，只有在开斋节这样的特殊场合才会做。
Mashuai
Another delicious dish you will find in Oman is the mouth-watering Mashuai! It is a dish consisting of roasted kingfish and savory lemon rice.
这是在阿曼另一道美味的菜！这是一道由烤金鱼和美味的柠檬米饭做的菜。
Mushaltat 穆沙尔特
Mushaltat is soft flatbread stuffed with honey, meat, spinach or cheese. The bread is made out of refined wheat flour and kneaded into thin cakes, stuffed with ingredients and baked for about 5 minutes.
Mushaltat是一种软面包，用蜂蜜、肉、菠菜或奶酪做的。面包是用精制的小麦粉做成的，揉成薄薄的蛋糕加上配料，烤5分钟左右。
Halwa哈尔瓦
Halwa is made from brown sugar, honey, eggs and various spices. It has a lot of flavors, such as rose water, nuts, chocolate, etc. Some halwas are also made from the Omani dates. It takes quite a while to make as it is slowly boiled over a wood fire. Halwas can last over four months without losing any of its quality! It is often accompanied with Kahwa.
哈尔瓦由红糖、蜂蜜、鸡蛋和各种香料制成。它有很多口味，如玫瑰水，坚果，巧克力等。一些哈尔瓦也由阿曼枣制成。它需要相当长的一段时间，因为它是慢慢煮熟的木材火。哈尔瓦斯可以持续4个月以上，而不失去任何质量！它经常伴随着卡瓦。
Laban 拉班
Laban is a blend of yogurt and buttermilk that is served everywhere in Oman. It is a salty drink with many varieties. The most popular forms of laban contain cardamom and pistachios.
拉班是酸奶和酪乳混合的饮料，在阿曼随处可见。这是一种多种多样的咸饮料。最常见的拉班含有豆蔻和开心果。
Kahwa 卡瓦咖啡
Kahwa is a very strong bitter coffee that is often served in tiny cups either with dates or halwa.
卡瓦咖啡是一种很浓的苦咖啡，通常用小杯而且配枣子或哈尔瓦。
Omani Bread 阿曼面包
Omani Bread or also referred to as Khubz Ragag in the vernacular language is a simple yet elegant bread made by Omani households.
阿曼面包在当地语言中也被称为Khubz Ragag，是阿曼家庭的一种简单而优雅的面包。
I hope you enjoyed this article and have a better understanding of Oman. Stay tuned, we have more articles coming. Thanks.
希望你喜欢这篇文章，对阿曼有更好的了解。敬请关注，接下来我们还有更多的文章要分享。谢谢。
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