BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 20 | Iran 伊朗
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Iran is a country in Asia, bordering Turkmenistan to the northeast, Armenia and Azerbaijan to the northwest, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west. Its capital city is Tehran and Persian is its official language, but there are many other languages used in Iran including Arabic, Kurdish, Azerbaijani etc. as well.
伊朗是亚洲国家，东北接土库曼斯坦，东与亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆接壤，东临阿富汗和巴基斯坦，西与土耳其和伊拉克交界。伊朗的首都是德黑兰。其官方语言是波斯语，在伊朗也用其它语言包括阿拉伯语、库尔德语、阿塞拜疆语等。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Iran is a tricolor with equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem ("Allah") in red centered on the white band and ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, at the bottom of the green and the top of the red band. Green is the color of Islam and also represents growth, white symbolizes honesty and peace, red stands for bravery and martyrdom.
伊朗国旗是三色旗，上面有相等的绿、白、红三色水平条纹，白色条纹中心有红色国徽（“真主”）和用白色库菲字体写11次ALLAH AKBAR（上帝是伟大的），分别位于绿色条纹底部和红色条纹顶部。绿色是伊斯兰教的颜色，也代表成长，白色代表诚实与和平，红色代表勇敢与殉难。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of Iran is “The National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran.“
伊朗的国歌是“伊朗伊斯兰共和国国歌“
Currency 货币
2,000 Rials 两千里亚尔
The currency used in Iran is Rial.
伊朗使用的货币是里亚尔。
Name 名字
The name Iran is a derivative of the Proto-Iranian term Aryana, which translates to, "Land of the Aryans."
伊朗原语雅利安那的一个派生词，翻译为“雅利安人的土地”
Other National Symbols 其它国家象征
The national animal of Iran is Persian lion, Red Rose (Rosa) is the national flower of Iran, ancient Persia was the birthplace of Rose and it was introduced to the western world by Alexander. Tulip serves as the flower emblem of Iran. Freestyle wrestling is the traditional national sport of Iran but football is the most popular sport in Iran.
伊朗的国家动物是波斯狮子，红玫瑰花（Rosa）是伊朗的国花，古波斯是玫瑰花的发源地，它是由亚历山大引入西方世界的。郁金香是国家的象征。自由式摔跤是伊朗的传统民族运动，但足球是伊朗最受欢迎的运动。
Tehran 德黑兰
Ports Park 港口公园
Tehran is the capital city of Iran and Tehran province, it has several cultural attractions and is home to royal complexes built during the last two monarchical periods of the country, including the Golestan, Sa'dabad and Niavaran complexes.
德黑兰是伊朗和德黑兰省首都，它有几个文化景点，它还是该国最后两个君主统治时期修建的皇家建筑群的所在地，这些建筑包括戈勒斯坦、萨达巴德和尼亚瓦兰。
Tehran Grand Bazaar 德黑兰大集市
Tehran has a large variety of shopping centers, from traditional bazaars to modern shopping centers. Tehran Grand Bazaar and Tajrish Bazaar are Tehran's largest ancient bazaars. Commercial districts such as Valiasr, Shariati and Mirdamad have a wide variety of different stores. Some of the known shopping centers throughout the city include Tiraje and Hyperstar, and small shopping centers like Tandis, Golestan, Palladium Mall and Safavie.
德黑兰有各种各样的购物中心，从传统的集市到现代的购物中心。德黑兰大集市和塔吉什集市是德黑兰最大的古代集市。Valiasr、Shariati和Mirdamad等商业区有各种不同的商店。整个城市的一些知名购物中心包括Tiraje和Hyperstar，以及小型购物中心，如Tandis、Golestan、钯购物中心和Safavie。
Shahrvand Chain Store 沙尔文德连锁店
Shahrvand is one of the largest stores represented across Tehran. The store sells most major brands available in the local market, and international imported foods as well.
沙尔文德连锁店是德黑兰最大的连锁店之一。这家连锁店出售当地市场上的大多数主要品牌，以及国际进口食品。
Chitgar Lake
Chitgar湖
Chitgar lake is surrounded by an outdoor resort.
奇加尔湖周围有一个户外度假胜地。
Ferdows Garden 费道斯花园
Azadi Tower 阿扎迪塔
Azadi Tower – known as the Shah’s Memorial Tower before the revolution – marking the west entrance to Tehran and is part of the Azadi Cultural Complex.
阿扎迪塔，革命前被称为沙阿纪念塔，标志着德黑兰的西门，是阿扎迪文化综合体的一部分。
Art displayed in the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
德黑兰当代艺术博物馆展出的艺术
There are several historical, artistic and scientific museums in Tehran, such as the National Museum, Malek Museum, Ferdows Garden, Museum of Glass and Ceramics, the Carpet Museum, Museum of Glass Painting (Vitrai art) and Safir, Museum of office machines. There is also the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran, where there are works by famous artists such as Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol.
德黑兰有几个历史、艺术和科学博物馆，如国家博物馆、马勒克博物馆、费多斯花园、玻璃和陶瓷博物馆、地毯博物馆、玻璃绘画博物馆（维特莱艺术）和萨菲尔博物馆、办公机器博物馆。德黑兰还有当代艺术博物馆，那里有梵高、巴勃罗·毕加索和安迪·沃霍尔等著名艺术家的作品。
Golestan Palace is a UNESCO World Heritage site
戈莱斯坦宫是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产
Golestan (Palace of roses), was built in the 15th century and was reconstructed in the 19th century. It is located behind the walls of the fortress and is divided into 7 parts: Diamond Hall, Anthropology Hall, Aks – Khane (Museum of Photography), Negar – Khane (Art Gallery), Howz – Khane (Portrait Gallery), Marble Throne Hall and Shams -ol-Emaneh pavilion. The most elegant and impressive part of the palace is Hall of Shams-ol-Emaneh with two towers and a swimming pool.
戈勒斯坦（玫瑰宫），建于15世纪，19世纪重建。它分为7个部分：钻石厅、人类学厅、阿克斯-可汗（摄影博物馆）、尼加尔-可汗（美术馆）、豪兹-可汗（肖像馆）、大理石王座厅和沙姆斯-奥尔-伊曼尼馆。宫殿中最优雅、最令人印象深刻的部分有两座塔楼和一个游泳池的Shams-ol-Emaneh大厅。
Tehran is also the headquarters of the Imperial Crown Jewels of Iran, claimed as the largest collection of jewelry in the world. The collection consists of a series of crowns and thrones, about 30 diadems, numerous Aigrettes, swords and studded jewelry shields, a large number of precious stones, as well as the largest collection of emeralds, rubies and diamonds in the world. It also includes other items collected by the Shah of Iran.
德黑兰也是伊朗皇冠珠宝的总部，号称是世界上最大的珠宝收藏地。该系列包括一系列的王冠，大约30个王冠，无数的aigrettes，剑和镶嵌的珠宝盾牌，大量的宝石，以及世界上最大的翡翠，红宝石和钻石收藏。它还包括伊朗国王收集的其他物品。
Mashhad 马什哈德
Imam Reza Shrine
伊玛目雷扎圣殿
The city is most famous and revered for housing the tomb of Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the Imam Reza shrine and pay their tributes to Imam Reza. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid is also buried within the shrine.
这座城市最著名，也是最受尊敬的，因为它是第八位什叶派伊玛目的陵墓。每年，数以百万计的朝圣者参观伊玛目雷扎神殿，并向伊玛目雷扎致敬。阿巴斯哈里发哈伦·拉希德也葬在神殿里。
Downtown Mashhad
马什哈德市中心
Mashhad is the second-most populous city in Iran and it is the capital city of Razavi Khorasan Province. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.
马什哈德是伊朗第二大人口城市，也是拉扎维霍拉桑省的首都。它是古代丝绸之路沿线的主要地点，与东部的梅尔夫相连。
Almas Shargh (East Diamond) Shopping Center
Almas Shargh（东钻石）购物中心
Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran. The city is the hometown of some of the most significant Iranian literary figures and artists such as Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, the famous contemporary poet, and Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, the traditional Iranian singer and composer. Ferdowsi and Akhavan Sales are both buried in Tus, an ancient city that is considered to be the main origin of the current city of Mashhad. Some museums in Mashhad include Carpet Bazaar, Nader Shah Museum and the Shah Public Bath.
马什哈德也被称为费多西城，伊朗诗人沙赫纳姆被认为是伊朗的民族史诗。这座城市是一些最重要的伊朗文学人物和艺术家的故乡，如著名的当代诗人Mehdi Akhavan Sales和伊朗传统歌手和作曲家Mohammad Reza Shajarian。Ferdowsi和Akhavan-Sales都埋在Tus，这是一个古老的城市，被认为是当前城市mashhad的主要起源。马什哈德的一些博物馆包括地毯集市、纳德沙阿博物馆和沙阿公共浴室。
Imam Hossein square
伊玛目侯赛因广场
Skiing In Iran 在伊朗滑雪
For skiing in Iran, head to the Tochal Ski resort and nearby Dizin Ski Resort or Shemshak Ski Resort.
在伊朗滑雪，前往托查尔滑雪场和附近的迪津滑雪场或舍姆沙克滑雪场。
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
联合国教科文组织遗产
Meidan Emam 梅丹·埃玛姆
Iran is known for its rich history that spans thousands of years. As such, it is not surprising that the country hosts numerous sites that bear witness to the country's past. Thus, Iran has 24 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-highest in Asia after China and India. Of these 24 sites, 22 are cultural sites and the remaining 2 are natural. In 1979, the Meidan Emam, Persepolis, and Tchogha Zanbil were the first sites in Iran to be inscribed as a World Heritage Site. As of August 2019, the Hyrcanian Forests, a natural site, was the most recent site to be inscribed by the UNESCO.
伊朗以其数千年的悠久历史而闻名。因此，毫不奇怪的是，该国拥有许多见证该国过去的遗址。伊朗拥有24处联合国教科文组织世界遗产，仅次于中国和印度，居亚洲第三位。在这24个遗址中，22个是文化遗址，其余2个是自然遗址。1979年，梅丹·伊玛姆、波斯波利斯和乔加·赞比尔是伊朗第一批被列入世界遗产。截至2019年8月，自然遗址Hyrcanian森林是联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）最近的一处遗址。
Persian Cheetah 波斯猎豹
The Asiatic cheetah or Persian cheetah is a subspecies of the cheetah that is on the brink of extinction. It was once widespread in the Arabian Peninsula and into the Near East and the Indian subcontinent. However, today Iran is the last home of this predator. It is found in some protected areas in Iran's eastern-central arid region. Fewer than 50 individuals of these cheetahs are thought to remain in the wild. The image of the cheetah was printed on the jerseys of the Iran national football team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It was done to raise awareness about the need to conserve this animal.
亚洲猎豹或波斯猎豹是濒临灭绝的猎豹的一个亚种。它曾经在阿拉伯半岛、近东和印度次大陆广泛分布。然而，现在伊朗是这个掠食者的最后一个家园。它在伊朗中东部干旱地区的一些保护区。据认为，这些猎豹中只有不到50只留在野外。2014年国际足联世界杯上，其图片印在伊朗国家足球队的球衣上。这样做是为了提高人们对保护这种动物。
Iranian Carpets 伊朗地毯
Handmade Iranian carpets are praised for their exquisite beauty and finesse and treated as luxury items. These carpets can be seen in the royal palaces and highly affluent households in different parts of the world. Iran is the world's largest producer and exporter of handmade carpets. It has a 30% share in the carpet export markets of the world.
手工制作的伊朗地毯因其精致的美丽受到赞誉，并被视为奢侈品。这些地毯可以在世界各地的皇宫和非常富裕的家庭中看到。伊朗是世界上最大的手工地毯生产国和出口国。它在世界地毯出口市场占有30%的份额。
Food 美食
The traditional Iran cuisine is praised worldwide. It includes a wide range of dishes like kebab, pilaf, mast-o-khiar, salad Shirazi, torshi, etc. The Iranian dishes are usually prepared with a generous addition of various spices.
传统的伊朗菜受到全世界的赞誉。它包括各种各样的菜肴，如烤羊肉串、肉饭、麦氏酱、沙拉、什拉子酱、托尔希等。伊朗菜通常添加各种香料。
Note: Alcohol is illegal to drink for Muslims only, and if seen by police may be met with punishment. Therefore, you will rarely find places in Iran that openly sells alcohol. However, it is legal for Non-Muslims to produce alcohol for their consumption. Drinking is, however, common among some people, especially during parties and weddings, and is officially tolerated for use among the small Christian and Jewish communities but only for religious purposes (e.g., wine for holy communion).
注意：酒只对穆斯林是非法的，如果被警察发现，可能会受到惩罚。因此，你在伊朗很少能找到公开出售酒的地方。非穆斯林为自己生产酒是合法的。然而，饮酒在一些人中是常见，特别是在聚会和婚礼期间，而且官方允许在小型基督教和犹太社区中使用，但仅用于宗教目的。
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