BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 30 | Israel 以色列
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Israel is a country in Western Asia, it borders Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, Palestine to the east and west, and Egypt to the southwest. The country has many important archaeological and religious sites considered sacred by Jews, Muslims and Christians alike. The capital city of Israel is Jerusalem, its official languages are Hebrew and Arabic.
以色列是西亚国家，北与黎巴嫩接壤，东北与叙利亚接壤，东接约旦，东西与巴勒斯坦交界，西南接埃及。这个国家有许多重要的考古和宗教遗址，犹太人、穆斯林和基督教徒都认为这些遗址是神圣的。以色列的首都是耶路撒冷，官方语言是希伯来语和阿拉伯语。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Israel has a white background, and a blue star of David at the center between two horizontal blue stripes.
以色列国旗的背景是白色，有两条水平蓝色条纹，两条蓝色条纹中间有一颗大卫的蓝星。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of Israel is “Hatikvah” which means “The hope.”
以色列的国歌是“Hatikvah”，意思是“希望”。
Currency 货币
The currency used in Israel is Israel New Shekel.
以色列使用的货币是以色列新谢克尔。
Brief History 简史
The early history of Israel can be found on the Hebrew Bible. Abraham is considered the father of Judaism and Islam. His descendants were enslaved by the Egyptians for hundreds of years before settling in Canaan. King David ruled the region in 1000 BC, then his son King Solomon built the first holy temple in ancient Jerusalem.
以色列的早期历史可以在希伯来圣经中找到。亚伯拉罕被认为是犹太教和伊斯兰教之父。他的后裔在迦南定居之前，被埃及人奴役了几百年。公元前1000年，大卫王统治了这个地区，他的儿子所罗门王在古耶路撒冷建造了第一座圣殿。
In around 931 BC, the area was divided into two Kingdoms, Israel in the north and Judah in the south. For the next several centuries, the land was conquered and ruled by various groups, including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks, Egyptians, and many others.
公元前931年左右，该地区被分为两个王国，北部是以色列，南部是犹大。在接下来的几个世纪里，这片土地被包括波斯人、希腊人、罗马人、阿拉伯人、土耳其人、埃及人和许多其他人在内的不同群体征服和统治。
During the WW1, in 1917, the British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour submitted a letter of intent supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The British government hoped that the formal declaration—known thereafter as the Balfour Declaration—would encourage support for the Allies in World War I.
在1917年的第一次世界大战期间，英国外交大臣阿瑟·詹姆斯·鲍尔福递交了一份支持在巴勒斯坦建立犹太人家乡的意向书。英国政府希望通过被称为《贝尔福宣言》的正式宣言能够鼓励人们支持第一次世界大战中的盟国。
When the WW1 ended, the Great Britain took control of Palestine, which is the modern-day Israel, Palestine, and Jordan. Arabs opposed such a move concerned that a Jewish homeland would mean the subjugation of Arab Palestinians.
当第一次世界大战结束时，英国控制了巴勒斯坦，即现代的以色列、巴勒斯坦和约旦。阿拉伯人反对这样的举动，担心犹太人家乡将意味着阿拉伯巴勒斯坦人的亡国。
The UN approved a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state in 1947, but the Arabs rejected it. In May 1948, Israel was officially declared an independent state with David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, as the prime minister. While this historic event seemed to be a victory for Jews, it also marked the beginning of more violence with the Arabs.
1947年，联合国批准了一项将巴勒斯坦划分为犹太和阿拉伯国家的计划，但遭到阿拉伯人的拒绝。1948年5月，以色列正式宣布独立，由犹太机构负责人戴维·本·古里安（David Ben Gurion）担任总理。虽然这一历史性事件似乎是犹太人的胜利，但它也标志着对阿拉伯人更多战争的开始。
People 人民
Israel is a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic groups in Israel are Jews, followed by Arabs and other minorities. Among the Israeli Jewish population, hundreds of thousands of Jews born in Israel are descended from Ashkenazi Jew, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews, Ethiopian Jews, and an array of groups from all the Jewish ethnic divisions.
以色列是一个多民族国家，居住着不同种族背景的人。以色列最大的民族是犹太人，其次是阿拉伯人和其他少数民族。在以色列犹太人口中，数十万在以色列出生的犹太人是亚什凯纳兹犹太人、米斯拉希犹太人、赛法迪犹太人、埃塞俄比亚犹太人和来自所有犹太民族分裂的一系列群体的后裔。
Jerusalem 耶路撒冷
Jerusalem is located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major monotheistic religions. Both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim Jerusalem as their capital. The city consists of the modern section built up after the institution of the state of Israel, and the medieval section, known as the Old City, which is surrounded by walls and gates built during the reign of Suleiman I (1494 – 1566 CE).
耶路撒冷位于地中海和死海之间的犹太山脉的高原上。它是世界上最古老的城市之一，被认为是三大一神教的圣地。以色列和巴勒斯坦权力机构都声称耶路撒冷是自己的首都。这座城市包括在以色列建国后修建的现代部分和中世纪部分，称为古城，周围是苏莱曼一世（1494-1566 CE）统治时期修建的城墙和大门。
Old City 古城
The Old city of Jerusalem is the heart of Jerusalem both historically and spiritually. It is surrounded by walls that were built in 1538 by the Muslim Ottoman Empire Sultan Suleiman. Nowadays, the old city of Jerusalem is culturally divided into four Quarters: the Jewish Quarter (the center of Jewish life in the old city), the Armenian Quarter, the Christian Quarter and the largest of them all – The Muslim Quarter.
古城是耶路撒冷的历史和精神中心。它被穆斯林奥斯曼帝国苏丹苏莱曼于1538年修建的城墙所包围。如今，耶路撒冷古城在文化上分为四个区：犹太人区、亚美尼亚区、基督教区以及其中最大的穆斯林区。
The Israel Museum 以色列博物馆
The Israel Museum is ranked as one of the world’s leading art and archaeology museums. It houses encyclopedic collections among which are the 2,000-year-old Dead Sea Scrolls.
以色列博物馆被列为世界领先的艺术和考古博物馆之一。它收藏了百科全书式的藏品，其中包括有2000年历史的死海卷轴。
Tower of David and Mount Zion 大卫塔和锡安山
The tower of David lies in the old city just near the Jaffa Gate. From the top of the tower, on a clear day, you can see all the way to the Judean Desert and the Dead Sea. The museum in the tower is dedicated to the 4,000-year-old history of Jerusalem. Mount Zion is the traditional burial place of King David. It is also considered the 'Cenacle', the Last Supper Room of Jesus and his disciples. Mount Zion is home to many churches and Christian cemeteries.
大卫塔就在古城里，雅法门附近。在晴朗的天气里，从塔顶上可以看到犹太沙漠和死海。塔中的博物馆是为耶路撒冷4000年历史而建的。锡安山是大卫王的传统墓地，也被认为是“圣殿”，耶稣和他的门徒的最后晚餐室。锡安山是许多教堂和基督教墓地的所在地。
Temple Mount 圣殿山
The Temple Mount is holy for both Jews and Muslims. It is Islam’s 3rd holiest place after Mecca and Medina. It houses two mosques, the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque, and many beautiful fountains and arches. It is considered as the place where Abraham nearly sacrificed Isaac.
圣殿山对犹太人和穆斯林都是神圣的。它是伊斯兰教仅次于麦加和麦地那的第三圣地。这里有两座清真寺，圆顶清真寺和阿克萨清真寺，还有许多美丽的喷泉和拱门。它被认为是亚伯拉罕几乎献祭以撒的地方。
Tel Aviv 特拉维夫
Tel Aviv is the second largest city in Israel. It was the site of the ancient tribe of Dan in Israel and was established in 1909. It is the economic center of the country and is considered to be the world’s first modern Hebrew city.
特拉维夫是以色列第二大城市。它是以色列古代丹部落的家园，建于1909年。它是国家的经济中心，被认为是世界上第一个现代希伯来城市。
Haifa 海法
Haifa is the country’s third largest city and the largest port in the country. The city is known for religious tolerance, and for its high quality of life. Its beaches attract many tourists and is known as one of Israel’s picturesque cities.
海法是全国第三大城市和最大港口。这座城市以宗教宽容和高质量的生活而闻名。它的海滩吸引了许多游客，被称为以色列风景如画的城市之一。
Rishon LeZion 里雄莱锡安
Rishon LeZion is the center for industries such as commerce, services, construction, and wine. It was founded by Jewish people from Eastern Europe.
里雄莱锡安是商业、服务、建筑和葡萄酒等行业的中心。它是由来自东欧的犹太人建立的。
Nazareth 拿撒勒
Forever linked to the story of Jesus in the Bible, Nazareth is one of the main pilgrimage destinations in the country. The holy sites here are some of the most important in the world for those of the Christian faith. This is where the Annunciation took place, and where Jesus Christ was brought up, and the center of town is home to important churches that celebrate this history.
拿撒勒永远与圣经中耶稣的故事联系在一起，是这个国家主要的朝圣目的地之一。这里的圣地是世界上最重要的一些基督教信仰的圣地。这里是天使报喜事件发生的地方，也是耶稣基督成长的地方，市中心是庆祝这段历史的重要教堂的所在地。
Dead Sea 死海
Dead sea is one of the lowest points on earth, it is rich in mineral and has overly salty sea where no one can sink. Locked in by the cliffs of the Great Rift Valley, the sea has been wowing travelers for centuries. Just take a float, you can't really sink.
死海是地球上的最低点之一，它富含矿物质，海水过咸，没有人能下沉。大海被大裂谷的悬崖所锁住，几百年来一直吸引着游客。只要浮一浮，你就不会沉下去。
Bethlehem 伯利恒
A major Christian pilgrimage center, Bethlehem is home to the Church of the Nativity, built over the site where Jesus Christ is said to have been born. The stately church complex with its far-reaching historical significance, and the busy market vibe of the bazaar make this the number one highlight of the West Bank.
伯利恒是一个主要的基督教朝圣中心，是圣诞教堂的所在地，据说是耶稣降生的地方。庄严的教堂建筑群及其深远的历史意义，以及繁忙的集市氛围，使其成为西岸的头号亮点。
Sea of Galilee加利利海
There are many attractions in the Sea of Galilee that offers gorgeous countryside and rich history. Attractions include the churches of Tabgha, where Jesus delivered the Sermon on the Mount and carried out much of his preaching and the hot pools near Tiberias.
加利利海有许多景点，美丽的乡村和丰富的历史。景点包括热池附近的提比里亚和在塔巴的教堂，在那里耶稣在山上布道，并进行他的大部分布道。
Masada 马萨达
The mountaintop fortress of Masada is home to incredible vistas and some fascinating history. This is where King Herod's once mighty palace stood and where the Zealots took their last stand against the Roman Legions.
山顶上的马萨达要塞有着令人难以置信的景色和一些迷人的历史。这就是希律王曾经强大的宫殿所在地，也是狂热者对抗罗马军团的最后阵地。
Israel is the only Jewish nation in the world, although its size is relatively small, but it has played a big role on global affairs. The country has a strong economy, landmarks of significance to several religions, etc. It also has the highest number of Nobel Prize winners per capita, and is one of the most active countries in the world in startups in technology.
以色列是世界上唯一的犹太民族国家，虽然其国土面积相对较小，但在全球事务中发挥了巨大作用。它有着强大的经济实力、对多种宗教具有重要意义的地标等，也是人均诺贝尔奖获得者最多的国家，它还是世界上科技创业最活跃的国家之一。
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