BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 31 | Tajikistan 塔吉克斯坦
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Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, it borders Afghanistan to the south, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and Uzbekistan to the north and west. It is home to the Pamir mountains, also called the roof of the world.
塔吉克斯坦是中亚内陆国家，南接阿富汗，东部与中国接壤，北面界吉尔吉斯斯坦，北部和西部与乌兹别克斯坦接壤。世界屋脊，帕米尔山脉就坐落在这个国家。
Ninety percent of Tajikistan is covered with mountains that contain 8,000 glaciers. The glaciers are the source of many Central Asian rivers. The capital city of Tajikistan is Dushanbe and its official languages are Persian, Tajik, and Russian language.
塔吉克斯坦百分之九十都是山，山上有8000座冰川。这些冰川是许多中亚河流的源头。塔吉克斯坦的首都是杜尚别，其官方语言有波斯语、塔吉克语和俄语。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of Tajikistan is “Surudi Milli,” which means “Tajikistan National Anthem.”
塔吉克斯坦的国歌是“SurudiMilli”，意思是“塔吉克斯坦国歌”。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Tajikistan has three horizontal stripes, arranged as red, white (wider than others), and green from top to bottom. There is a gold crown with seven five pointed stars in the middle of the white stripe.
塔吉克斯坦国旗有三条横条，从上到下依次为红、白（宽）和绿。有一个金色的皇冠白色条纹中间，皇冠上面有七颗五角星。
Red stripe represents sun, victory and triumph. White stripe symbolizes moral purity of the people, snow on the tops of the mountains. Green color represents Islam religion and also is a symbol of the Novruz holiday (i.e. New Year, celebrated on 21 – 22 of March). Days of Novruz signify the beginning of agricultural work.
红色条纹代表太阳和胜利。白色条纹象征着人民的道德纯洁，山上覆盖的雪。绿色代表伊斯兰教，也是诺夫鲁兹节日（即3月21日至22日庆祝的新年）的象征。诺夫鲁兹日标志着农业工作的开始。
The crown on the flag represents the Tajik people ("tadzhvar" means "crown"). In the traditional Tajik culture magic number "seven" is a symbol of perfection, embodiment of happiness and virtue. According to a Tajik legend, the heavens consist of seven beautiful gardens, surrounded by seven mountains, on each of which is a shining star.
国旗上的王冠代表塔吉克人民（“tadzhvar”的意思是“王冠”）。在塔吉克传统文化中，“七”是完美的象征，是幸福和美德的体现。根据塔吉克人的传说，天堂由七座美丽的花园组成，周围有七座山，每座山上都有一颗闪亮的星星。
Currency 货币
The official currency used in Tajikistan is Tajikistani Somoni.
塔吉克斯坦使用的官方货币是塔吉基斯坦索莫尼。
Silk Road 丝绸之路
Three major routes of the Silk Roads ran through the present-day Tajikistan. These ancient routes were mentioned in contemporary Persian, Greek, Chinese and Arabic sources which highlighted Tajik contributions to the commerce and culture of the time, especially between the 5th and 12th centuries.
丝绸之路的三条主要路线贯穿今天的塔吉克斯坦。这些古老的路线在当代波斯、希腊、中国和阿拉伯的资料中都有提及，这些资料突出了塔吉克人对当时商业和文化的贡献，特别是在5世纪和12世纪之间。
Dushanbe 杜尚别
Dushanbe is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. Dushanbe means Monday in the Tajik language. It was given this name because it developed from a village that originally had a popular market on Mondays.
杜尚别是塔吉克斯坦的首都和最大城市。杜尚别在塔吉克语中是星期一的意思。之所以叫它这个名字是因为它本来是一个小村庄，这个村庄最初在每个周一会有一个很受欢迎的集市。
Historically a small village, Dushanbe was made the capital of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe.
本来是一个小村庄，在1924年成为塔吉克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国的首都。直到1929年，这座城市在俄语中被称为“Dyushambe”。
Attractions 景点
During the times of the Silk Road, people would come to Tajikistan to visit the rich bazaars and many philosophers, poets, and scientists that called the region home. Today, Tajikistan’s tourism industry is booming as people rediscover this land of mountains, lakes, flavors and colors. What are the best attractions in this country?
在丝绸之路时期，人们会来到塔吉克斯坦，参观丰富的集市和访问这里的哲学家、诗人和科学家们。如今，人们开始对这片山、湖、味、色丰富的土地感兴趣，塔吉克斯坦的旅游业正在蓬勃发展。这个国家最吸引人的景点有哪些？
National Museum of Antiques 国家古董博物馆
Proto-Urban site of Sarazm
萨拉兹姆原始城市遗址
Sarazm is one of the oldest human settlements in Central Asia, dating back around 5,000 years. The wide variety of artifacts found here shows that the people who lived here thousands of years ago were already adept traders, not only trading between settled farmers and nomadic herdsmen, but with practically the whole Asian continent. Sarazm is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
萨拉兹姆是中亚最古老的人类居住区之一，可以追溯到5000年前。在这里被发现的各种各样的文物表明几千年前居住在这里的人们已经是熟练的商人，不仅在定居的农民和游牧牧民之间进行贸易，而且几乎与整个亚洲大陆进行贸易。萨拉兹姆现在是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。
Lake Iskanderkul 伊斯坎德尔库尔湖
Tajikistan is rich in alpine lakes, with about 1,450 tucked in among the mountains throughout the country. There’s Lake Karakul, which at about 3,960 m (12,990 ft) above sea level, is held in what appears to be a meteor crater from 25 million years ago.
塔吉克斯坦拥有丰富的高山湖泊，全国约有1450个湖泊藏在群山之中。卡拉库尔湖海拔约3960米（12990英尺），位于2500万年前的陨石坑中。
Then there’s Sarez Lake, created in 1911 from a collapse in the Pamir Mountains that blocked the Murghab River, destroying the villages of Usoy and Sarez. But perhaps the most beautiful lake is Iskanderkul, named after Alexander the Great, in the Fann Mountains in Tajikistan’s west.
然后是萨雷斯湖，1911年在帕米尔山脉的崩塌中形成，着阻塞了穆尔加布河而且摧毁了乌索伊和萨雷斯的村庄。但也许最美丽的湖是伊斯坎德尔库尔湖，以亚历山大大帝的名字命名，位于塔吉克斯坦西部的范恩山。
Surrounded by mountains and forest, Iskanderkul is a striking shade of blue, and home to rabbits, foxes, wolves, bears, mountain goats, and even snow leopards. Flowing out of Iskanderkul is Iskander darya river, which creates a 38-meter (125 foot) waterfall, known as the Niagara of the Fann Mountains.
伊斯坎德尔库尔被群山和森林环绕，是一个引人注目的蓝色阴影，是兔子、狐狸、狼、熊、山羊，甚至雪豹的家园。从伊斯坎德尔库尔流出的是伊斯坎德尔达利亚河，它形成了一个38米（125英尺）的瀑布，被称为范恩山脉的尼亚加拉。
Buddhist temple at Ajina-Tepe 阿金纳寺
Archaeologists found an extensive Buddhist monastery, dating back to the 7th-8th centuries CE in Ajina-Tepe. There were remains of a temple and of living quarters for monks.
考古学家在阿金纳山进行研究时发现了一个佛教寺院，可以追溯到公元前7-8世纪。里面包括一座寺庙和僧侣生活区的遗迹。
However, the most impressive find was a statue of Buddha in Nirvana, measuring a total of 12 m (40 feet) long. Only the lower half, from Buddha’s waist to the soles of his feet, was found, but experts were able to recreate the whole statue, with Buddha laying down and resting his head on a cushion.
然而，最令人印象深刻的发现是涅盘中的一尊佛像，全长12米（40英尺）。只发现下半身部分从佛祖的腰到脚底，但是专家们能够重建整个雕像，佛祖躺下来头枕在垫子上。
The sculpture is now on display at the National Museum of Antiquities in Dushanbe, but visitors to Ajina-Tepe can still visit the original Buddhist monastery.
这座雕塑现在在杜尚别的国家文物博物馆展出，但到阿吉纳泰普的游客仍然可以参观原来的佛教寺院。
Largest glacier in the world 世界上最大的冰川
The Fedchenko glacier – the longest glacier in the world outside of the polar regions – is located in the Pamir Mountains. The glacier covers approximately 700 sq. km (270 sq. miles).
费德琴科冰川位于帕米尔山脉，是世界上除极地以外最长的冰川。冰川覆盖面积约700平方公里（270平方英里）。
Hissor Fort 希索堡
The reconstructed stone gateway is the only present-day remnant of the buildings that stood on this site. The earthworks tell a story of a once impressive structure that began construction in the Neolithic era and then saw destruction and reconstruction with the advent of every successive invasion.
重建后的石门是这个遗址上现存建筑的唯一遗迹。土方工程讲述了一个曾经让人印象深刻的建筑故事，它从新石器时代开始建造，然后随着每一次连续入侵的到来，见证了破坏和重建。
Ancient Cave Art 古代洞穴艺术
Shakhty cave is the most important archaeological site in Tajikistan. Its walls are adorned with decorative cave paintings dating back to 6500BC, depicting life in the Neolithic period.
沙克提洞是塔吉克斯坦最重要的考古遗址。它的墙壁上装饰着可以追溯到公元前6500年的洞穴壁画，描绘了新石器时代的生活。
People 人民
Novruz holiday
诺夫鲁兹假日
People in Tajikistan are referred to as Tajiks. “Tajik” usually refers to the Tajik ethnic group although it can also refer to Tajikistan citizens, who are more properly called Tajikistanis. The Tajik are one of the least Russified of all the groups in Central Asia. This is because they have remained fairly isolated in the mountains.
塔吉克斯坦人被称为塔吉克人。“塔吉克人”通常指塔吉克族，但也可以指塔吉克斯坦公民，他们更恰当地称为塔吉基斯坦人。塔吉克人是中亚地区所有族群中最不被俄罗斯化的一个，因为他们在山里一直相当孤立。
Ethnic groups: Tajik 84.3 percent,Uzbek 13.8 percent (includes Lakai, Kongrat, Katagan, Barlos, Yuz), other 2 percent (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab)
民族：塔吉克族84.3%，乌兹别克族13.8%（包括拉凯族、孔格拉特族、卡塔甘族、巴罗斯族、尤兹族），其他2%（包括吉尔吉斯族、俄罗斯族、土库曼族、鞑靼族、阿拉伯人）
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