BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 32 | Iraq 伊拉克
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Iraq is a country in Western Asia, it borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. Around 99% of the country’s citizens are Muslims, the official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.
伊拉克是西亚国家，北与土耳其接壤，东接伊朗，东南与科威特接壤，南与沙特阿拉伯交界，西南接约旦，西与叙利亚接壤。该国99%的公民是穆斯林，伊拉克的官方语言是阿拉伯语和库尔德语。
National Anthem 国歌
After the Saddam Hussein government was ousted, the U.S military administrator chose “Mawtini” (meaning “My Homeland) as a new anthem for Iraq. He heard this song at a concert and admired it.
萨达姆侯赛因政府被推翻后，美国军事行政长官选择了“Mawtini”（意思是“我的故乡”）作为伊拉克的新国歌。他在音乐会上听到了这首歌后就喜欢上它。
The song was sung by the Palestinians in their uprisings against the British mandate and the Jewish immigration to British Palestine in 1936-1939 (the anthem is also an unofficial anthem of Palestine) and continues to be popular with Arabs today, especially as a show of support with Palestine. The author of the lyrics is the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Touqan.
这首歌是巴勒斯坦人在1936-1939年反对英国命令和犹太移民到英国巴勒斯坦的起义中唱的（这首歌也是巴勒斯坦的一首非官方的国歌），至今，这首歌仍然受到阿拉伯人的欢迎，特别是作为对巴勒斯坦的支持。歌词的作者是巴勒斯坦诗人易卜拉欣·图坎。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Iraq has three equal horizontal stripes of red, white, and black from top to bottom respectively. On the white stripe, there is dark green Arabic texts which says “God is Great.” Red stands for bravery, white for generosity, black for victory, and dark green for Islam religion.
伊拉克国旗自上而下分别有三条相等的红、白、黑横条。白色条纹上有深绿色的阿拉伯文字，文字的意思是“上帝是伟大的”。红色代表勇敢，白色代表慷慨，黑色代表胜利，深绿色代表伊斯兰教。
Currency 货币
The currency used in Iraq is Iraqi dinar.
在伊拉克使用的货币是伊拉克第纳尔。
Brief History 简史
Bill of sale written in cuneiform
楔形文字的卖货单
Iraq is located on what historians and geographers usually call the Fertile Crescent. Flowing through the heart of the country are two great rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), which once nurtured and nourished the beginning of civilization.
伊拉克位于历史学家和地理学家通常称之为“新月沃土”的地方。流经该国中心的是两条大河（底格里斯河和幼发拉底河），这两条河帮助了“两河文明” 的开端。
Due to the periodic flooding of these two rivers, fertile soil was left behind after the recession, and farmers were able to have a high yield. The surplus meant that not everyone in society had to devote themselves to a life of subsistence farming, as a consequence, industry, government and religion developed. At about 4700 BC the city states were established.
由于这两条河流周期性地洪水泛滥，退水后留下肥沃的土壤，农民得以丰产。有着剩余意味着，并不是社会上的每个人都必须献身于自给自足的农业生活，因此，工业、政府和宗教开始发展起来。公元前4700年左右，城邦建立。
The first great country to rise from the Fertile Crescent was Sumeria, the Sumerians built irrigation canals at around 4000 BC and developed the first known form of writing, the Cuneiform.
第一个从新月沃土中崛起的伟大国家是苏美利亚，苏美利亚人在公元前4000年左右修建了灌溉渠，并发展了第一种已知的书写形式，楔形文字。
For centuries, the region will produce or host empires, including the Chaldeans, the Hittites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Medes, the Greeks (Macedonians and seleucians), the Romans, all the way to the English.
几个世纪以来，该地区将产生或容纳帝国，包括迦勒底、赫、亚述、巴比伦、玛代、古希腊（马其顿人和塞琉西亚人）、古罗马，等等最后是英国帝国。
The country got its independence from the UK in 1921. Part of the reason many empires competed for the area was because of its agricultural resources.
伊拉克于1921年脱离英国独立。很久以前许多帝国争夺该地区的部分原因是因为它的农业资源。
In modern times, oil is a factor, because Iraq has huge reserves. But the main reason why Iraq has been fought over is that it is in a prominent position on the world map, in the middle of an invasion route, which meets at the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe.
在现代，石油是一个因素，因为伊拉克拥有巨大的石油储备。但伊拉克之所以被争夺最主要的原因是因为它在世界地图上处于一个突出的位置，处于一条侵略路线的中间，这条路线在亚洲、非洲和欧洲的交界处交汇。
Capital City 首都
The capital city of Iraq is Baghdad, in 762 AD, Caliph Al-Mansur founded Baghdad, near the ruins of ancient Babylon, and made it the capital of Islam. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasid Caliphate. It soon became a significant cultural, commercial and intellectual center of the Muslim world.
伊拉克首都是巴格达，在公元762年哈里发曼苏尔在古巴比伦遗址附近建立了巴格达，并使其成为伊斯兰教的首都。曼苏尔认为巴格达是阿巴斯哈里发统治下最合适的伊斯兰帝国的首都。它很快成为了穆斯林世界重要的文化、商业和知识中心。
There are two theories explaining the origin of the city’s name, one says that it comes from the Middle Persian, and is composed of "Bag" translating to “god” and "did" which translates to “donated”, put together it can be translated as “donated by God” or “the gift of God” in modern Persian Baɣdād. Another theory is that the name comes from the Persian Middle Bāgh-dād “The Garden Donated”.
这座城市名字的来源有两个说法，一种是它来自中古波斯人，是由“上帝”和“捐赠”组成的，意思是“上帝给的礼物”，另一种说法是这个名字来自波斯中部的“Bāgh-dād”，意思是“捐赠的花园”。
Al-Shaheed Monument also known as the Martyr’s Memorial, is a monument dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers who died in the Iran–Iraq War.
沙希德纪念碑也被称为烈士纪念碑，是为在伊朗伊拉克战争中牺牲的伊拉克士兵而建的纪念碑。
Baghdad International Airport
巴格达国际机场
Armored cars patrolling the streets of Baghdad
巴格达街头巡逻的装甲车
Save Iraqi culture monument in Central Baghdad.
巴格达市中心的拯救伊拉克文化纪念碑
Saddam Hussein loved the stories in "one thousand and one nights," a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic golden age. So, he constructed a lot of monuments from his favorite folktales around Baghdad, all still standing intact.
萨达姆·侯赛因喜爱《一千零一夜》一书中的故事，这本书是伊斯兰黄金时代用阿拉伯语编撰的中东民间故事集。因此，他在这些民间故事的启发下在首都巴格达建造了很多纪念碑，都仍然完好无损地矗立着。
Flying Carpet monument.
飞毯纪念碑
Magic Lamp monument
神灯纪念碑
Ali Baba and the 40 thieves’ monument
阿里巴巴与40贼纪念碑
Freedom Monument
自由纪念碑
Baghdad Mall
巴格达购物中心
Baghdad cinema
巴格达电影院
Iraqi beer
伊拉克啤酒
Did you know: Iraq has produced its own beer since 1957, and the brewery has never shut down even during wars since that.
你知道吗：伊拉克自1957年开始生产自己的啤酒，从那以后，即使在战争期间，这家啤酒厂也从未停产过。
Souvenir shops in Baghdad
巴格达的纪念品商店
National Museum of Iraq 伊拉克国家博物馆
The National Museum of Iraq has the collection of thousands of artifacts from Mesopotamia, Babylonian, and Persian civilizations.
伊拉克国家博物馆收藏了美索不达米亚、巴比伦和波斯文明的数千件文物。
Unfortunately, around 4000 (it´s estimated that 600,000 archaeological pieces were looted by Kurdish and Shia militias allied with the United States during 2003 all over Iraq) historical artifacts were stolen during the 2003 invasion, a lot of artifacts have over the years been recovered, but many are still missing.
不幸的是，在2003年入侵伊拉克期间，约有4000件（据估计，2003年在伊拉克各地，美国结盟的库尔德和什叶派民兵抢劫了60万件考古文物）历史文物被盗，多年来，许多文物已被找到，但仍有许多还没有找到的。
The Assyrian Hall at the National Museum of Iraq.
伊拉克国家博物馆的亚述大厅
The museum is nicely laid out over a two-story building 45,000-square-meter and with museums collaboration with The British Museum in London, is everything in the museum exhibits always being displayed bilingually, in both English and Arabic.
博物馆位于一栋45000平方米的两层建筑上，布局优美，博物馆与伦敦大英博物馆合作，博物馆展品中的所有展品均以英语和阿拉伯语双语展示。
Lyre of Ur
乌尔琴
Mustansiriya Madrasah 穆斯坦西里亚宗教学校
The Mustansiriya Madrasah (Al-Mustansiriya School) is a medieval school for higher education that was established in 1227 during the Abbasid dynasty. It´s believed that The Mustansiriya Madrasah was the world´s first free university that provided food, lodging, clothing, and a monthly stipend for its students.
穆斯坦西里亚宗教学校（Al-Mustansiriya School）是一所中世纪的高等教育学校，建于1227年阿巴斯王朝。据信，穆斯坦西里亚宗教学校是世界上第一所为学生提供免费食物、住宿、衣物和每月津贴的大学。
In addition, subjects like medicine, math, literature, grammar, philosophy, and most notably, Islamic law were taught here for free. The Madrasah also had a public hospital, a pharmacy and a big library which is said to have housed a collection of 400,000 books.
此外，医学、数学、文学、语法、哲学等学科，特别是伊斯兰法是在这里免费教授的。宗教学校还有一所公立医院、一家药房和一个大图书馆，据说藏书40万册。
Baghdad Zoo 巴格达动物园
Baghdad Zoo is a popular place for locals to enjoy their days of, it has the size of 200-acre, by far the biggest open-air park in all of Baghdad. Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the zoo housed 650 animals. After being nearly destroyed during the 2003 Iraqi war, only about 35 animals survived.
巴格达动物园是一个深受当地人喜爱的地方，它有200英亩的面积，是迄今为止巴格达最大的露天公园。在2003年入侵伊拉克之前，动物园里有650只动物。在2003年伊拉克战争中几乎被摧毁后，只有大约35只动物幸存下来。
Now the Zoo has been rebuilt and is now home to around 1070 animals. Apart from animals, there are also Al Zawra’a Dream Park, Baghdad´s own amusement park.
现在动物园已经重建，有大约1070只动物。除了动物，还有巴格达自己的游乐园扎瓦拉梦想公园。
Other places of interest in Iraq are the historical city of Babylon (about 125 Kms from Baghdad), ancient capital of Persia Ctesiphon, the Ziggurat of Dur Kurigalzu (about 30 kilometres west of Baghdad), Samarra, Najaf, Karbala, Kufa, The Mesopotamian Marshes, and Basra.
伊拉克的其他名胜还有巴比伦历史名城（距巴格达约125公里）、波斯古都塞西丰和杜尔·库里加尔祖（巴格达以西约30公里）、萨马拉、纳杰夫、卡尔巴拉、库法、美索不达米亚沼泽和巴士拉。
Ancient city of Ctesiphon ruins
塞斯芬古城遗址
The Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu built more than 3400 years ago.
杜尔·库里加尔祖（Dur-Kurigalzu）的自贡塔建于3400多年前
This is Iraq the media would not show you!
这是电视上看不到的伊拉克！
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