历史性的 COVID-19 应对计划为加拿大人提供了度过经济危机所需的支持
加拿大的COVID-19
经济应对计划
几个月前，我们引入了自第二次世界大战以来我们国家所曾经历的最大规模的经济措施，以确保您得到所需要的支持，渡过这个艰难时期。
这其中有加拿大紧急救援补助金（CERB）可以帮助数以百万计的人们维持生计。还有加拿大紧急工资补贴（CEWS），可帮助企业主重新开门营业并重新聘回数百万名员工。有专门为老年人提供的特殊支持，以帮助他们应付生活费用的提高。还有加拿大紧急学生补助(CESB)，可以帮助全国各地的年轻人度过难关。
这些只是过去几个月中我们采取的一些步骤，以确保我们能够以更强劲的势头回归复苏，并且我们将继续竭尽全力为您做一切——因为那是您应该获得的，那也正是我们国家所需要的。我们在一起同舟共济。
新闻通稿
历史性的 COVID-19 应对计划为加拿大人提供了度过经济危机所需的支持
Historic COVID-19 Plan Provides Canadians With the Support They Need to Get Through the Economic Crisis
2020 年 7 月 8 日 安大略省渥太华 加拿大财政部
COVID-19 危机是我们这一代人面临的最大挑战。加拿大政府已经采取了迅速而广泛的应急支持措施，以保护加拿大人的健康和经济福祉。
今天，财政部长比尔·莫尔诺（Bill Morneau）发表了经济和财政概况。联邦政府利用其良好的财政状况来稳定经济并支持加拿大人民，实施了几代人以来最大的经济援助计划。
尽管 COVID-19 对 2020 年经济造成的影响预计将会是自经济大萧条以来最大、最突然的经济萎缩，压平加拿大的病毒流行曲线的措施正在奏效，全国各地都在努力安全并逐步地重新开放加拿大经济。全加拿大各级政府迄今为止的行动和投资，已帮助我们取得今天的成就。但是，经济复苏的道路依旧漫长且充满不确定性。从今天到未来几个月，我们经济的健康很大程度上取决于我们的公共健康。
加拿大的 COVID-19 经济应对计划正在确保国民获得所需的支持，让他们有食可吃、有屋可住。该计划占加拿大国内生产总值（GDP）的近 14％，其中包括超过 2300 亿加元投资于保护加拿大人的健康和安全，以及为国民、企业和其他雇主提供直接支持的措施。计划中还包括多达 850 亿加元的税收和关税支付延期额度，以满足企业和加拿大家庭的流动资金需求。
由于加拿大相对较低的债务水平，联邦政府依旧有着通过借贷来支持加拿大经济的空间。事实上，尽管加拿大因 COVID-19 应对行动而使借贷需求增加，但由于历史性的低借贷利率，公共债务支出预计也会在 2020-21 年下降。通过负责任的财政管理，政府正在架起从紧急救援时期到安全期的桥梁，以此我们可以为未来建设一个更有韧劲的经济。
政府将继续确保加拿大人在这场危机中得到支持，并随时准备采取其他行动来减轻新冠病毒大流行的影响。
引述
“ COVID-19 大流行对加拿大各地的加拿大人的社会和经济福祉产生了重大影响。对于许多人来说，这意味着失去就业、失去工时或失去工资。从新冠病毒大流行开始，我们的政府就知道，介入支持加拿大人并稳定经济是我们的角色。我们的投资意味着，加拿大国民和企业将不会陷入沉重的债务和破产危机，他们将可以在优良的位置重新反弹。当经济逐渐并安全地重新开放时，我们将会继续确保加拿大人能够获得他们所需的支持。”
——加拿大财政部长比尔·莫尔诺(Bill Morneau)
事实速览
今天的经济和财政概况表明：
由于新冠病毒大流行，许多企业和经济产业停业或减少了生产活动，因此加拿大和全球经济受到严重打击。在加拿大，550 万加拿大人（占总劳动力的 30％）在 3 月和 4 月失去了工作或经历了大幅减少的工时。
私营部门经济学家预计，今年第二季度加拿大实际国内生产总值的年下降率将超过 40％。他们预计经济整体将在 2020 年萎缩 6.8％，是自大萧条以来的最大跌幅。在 2021 年经济预计将会反弹 5.5％。
当下，越来越多的迹象表明，随着加拿大经济逐步继续安全开放，我们已经度过了最严重的经济冲击。加拿大经济复苏的态势依旧不明确，未来高度取决于公共卫生状态。
政府的经济应对计划为加拿大经济提供了决定性和实质性的支持。通过弥补超过 400 亿加元的劳动收入损失，我们避免了实际 GDP 在 2020 年收缩达到 10%以上，以及失业率在当前基础上再上升 2 个百分点。这些举措避免了加拿大经济承受进一步费用高昂的损失。
通过政府经济应对计划而实施的临时措施将对联邦赤字产生重大影响。加上经济前景的严重恶化，这些导致 2020-21 年的预计赤字为 3432 亿加元。
虽然今年的赤字估计有所提高，但政府的应对行动与其他比较国家所部署的财政回应是一致的。摆脱危机后，加拿大有望在七国集团国家中继续保持债务优势。政府对保持这一优势的承诺将有助于确保子孙后代不会承受与 COVID-19 相关的债务。
英文原文
Historic COVID-19 Plan Provides Canadians With the Support They Need to Get Through the Economic Crisis
July 8, 2020 Ottawa, Ontario Department of Finance Canada
The COVID-19 crisis is the challenge of our generation. The Government of Canada has responded with rapid and broad-based emergency support measures to protect the health and economic well-being of Canadians.
Today, Finance Minister Bill Morneau presented an economic and fiscal snapshot. The federal government has used its strong fiscal position to stabilize the economy and support Canadians by putting in place the largest economic aid package in generations.
While the toll of COVID-19 on the broader economy in 2020 is expected to be the largest and most sudden economic contraction since the Great Depression, measures to flatten the pandemic curve in Canada are paying off, and efforts are underway across the country to safely and gradually reopen the Canadian economy. The actions and investments of governments across Canada to date have helped us get this far. But the road towards recovery remains long and uncertain. Today, and in the months to come, our economic health will largely depend on our public health.
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan is ensuring Canadians have the support they need to put food on the table and keep a roof over their head. Representing nearly 14 per cent of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP), the Plan includes more than $230 billion in measures to protect the health and safety of Canadians and provide direct support to Canadians, businesses and other employers, and up to $85 billion in tax and customs duty payment deferrals to meet liquidity needs of businesses and Canadian families.
With comparatively low levels of debt, the Government of Canada has the room to borrow and support the Canadian economy. In fact, even given Canada’s increased borrowing needs due to the COVID-19 response, public debt charges are expected to fall in 2020-21, as a result of historically low borrowing rates.
Through responsible fiscal management, the government is building a bridge from an emergency to a safer place where we can build a more resilient economy for the future.
The government will continue to ensure Canadians are supported through this crisis and stands ready to take additional actions to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic.
Quote
“The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the social and economic well-being of Canadians in every part of the country. For many it has meant lost jobs, lost hours and lost wages. Our government has understood, from the moment this pandemic began, that it was our role to step in to support Canadians and stabilize the economy. Our investments have meant that Canadians and Canadian businesses, instead of drowning in debt and closing up shop, will be better positioned to get back at it. As economies gradually and safely reopen, we will continue to ensure that Canadians have access to the support they need.”
- Bill Morneau, Minister of Finance
Quick facts
Today’s economic and fiscal snapshot noted that:
As businesses and many sectors of the economy closed or curtailed their activities as a result of the pandemic, the Canadian and global economies took a severe hit. In Canada, 5.5 million Canadians – 30 per cent of the workforce – either lost their jobs or saw their hours significantly scaled back over March and April.
Private sector economists expect an annualized decline of over 40 per cent in Canada’s real GDP in the second quarter of this year. They expect the economy to contract by 6.8 per cent in 2020 as a whole, its sharpest drop since the Great Depression, before rebounding by 5.5 per cent in 2021.
There are now growing signs that the worst of the economic shock is behind the Canadian economy, as the gradual and safe reopening of the economy continues. The shape of Canada’s economic recovery is uncertain and highly dependent on public health.
The decisive and substantial support provided through the government’s economic response plan helped prevent further costly damage to the Canadian economy by replacing the more than $40 billion lost in labour income, preventing the contraction in real GDP to reach over 10 per cent in 2020 and the unemployment rate to rise by a further 2 percentage points.
The temporary measures implemented through the government’s economic response plan will have a significant impact on the federal deficit. Coupled with the severe deterioration in the economic outlook, these result in a projected deficit of $343.2 billion in 2020-21.
While this year’s deficit estimate is elevated, the government’s response is in line with the fiscal response deployed by other comparator countries. Coming out of the crisis, Canada is expected to maintain its low debt advantage among G7 countries. The government’s commitment to maintaining this advantage will help ensure that future generations are not burdened with COVID-19 related debt.
Related products
• Economic and Fiscal Snapshot 2020
Associated links
• Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan