《园林》学刊·卷首语（2024.04）丨城市绿地生物多样性的新机遇与应对
本期专题
城市绿地生物多样性
BIODIVERSITY OF URBAN GREEN SPACE
·全文刊登于《园林》2024-04P01
·全文引文格式：张浪. 城市绿地生物多样性的新机遇与应对[J]. 园林, 2024, 41(4): 01.
卷首语
城市绿地生物多样性的新机遇与应对
New Opportunities and Responses to Biodiversity in Urban Green Spaces
2024年1月18日，《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（2023–2030年）》的发布，使中国成为“昆蒙框架”通过后全球首批完成生物多样性战略与行动计划更新的国家之一。生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，城市绿地生物多样性作为生物多样性的一个特殊组成部分，受到自然生境破坏与丧失、自然资源过度利用、环境污染、外来物种入侵和局地小气候变化等因素的不利影响，城市绿地生态系统、物种和遗传多样性均呈现不同程度的难以稳定甚至退化。新阶段发展背景下，中国生态文明思想为绿地生物多样性治理指明了方向，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展；作为COP15主席国，中国通过系列举措引领绿地生物多样性治理；城市居民对优美生态环境的期待和优质生态产品服务的需求，也为城市绿地生物多样性保护提供有利条件。
随着人类干扰强度由乡村或城市周边保护区向中心区逐渐增大，其物种多样性在空间分布上由市郊向城市中心呈明显的递减趋势，城市化过程中的建筑物、道路密度及其他基础设施造成市区植被覆盖率降低，以及野生动植物生物多样性水平下降且不稳定。另外，还面临城市绿地生物多样性保护恢复的科学性和系统性有待探索，其中包括监测体系不健全、监测评价方法不统一、人工扰动下不同生境的生物多样性关联机制不明确等。
本期“城市绿地生物多样性”专题，聚焦典型城市绿地类型，以多类型生物物种为研究对象，在城市绿地生物多样性指示物种识别监测、不同城市化水平对指示物种生物多样性的影响机制，以及基于生物多样性保护性提升的城市生态廊道网络构建技术等方面开展研究。研建城市绿地优势物种生物多样性调查方法，以期为城市绿地生物多样性水平科学评价、新建绿地新优植物开发利用等提供科学依据；创建一种基于深度学习的鸟类声音数据分析识别系统，实现了对目标声音所包含物种信息的自动识别；分析了城市公园绿地和道路绿地的土壤真菌多样性特征，揭示了影响土传植物病原真菌群落主要组成因子；剖析了城市生态廊道不同生境对生物多样性的影响，为城市尺度的生物多样性保护和生态空间格局优化，提供新的研究视角和技术支撑。
城市生物多样性是一个多学科研究领域，所以未来研究实践，还需要风景园林学科联合生态学、植物学、动物学、遗传学等多学科协同，推进城市绿地生物多样性常态化监测，将城市生物多样性保护提升融入城市功能修补、生态修复，以及城市绿地生态网络系统构建中。
On January 18, 2024, the China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030) was released, making China one of the first countries in the world to complete the updating of the biodiversity strategy and action plan after the adoption of the “Kunming Framework”. Biodiversity is the foundation for human survival and development. As a special component of biodiversity, urban green space biodiversity has been adversely affected by natural habitat destruction and loss, over-utilization of natural resources, environmental pollution, invasion of alien species and local microclimate change, which have made it difficult to stabilize or even degrade the ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity of urban green spaces to varying degrees. Based on the new stage of development, China’s idea of ecological civilization has pointed out the direction of green space biodiversity management and planned development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature; As the President of COP15, China has taken the lead in green space biodiversity management through a series of initiatives; and the expectations of urban residents for beautiful ecological environments and demand for high-quality ecological products and services have provided favourable conditions for the protection of urban green space biodiversity.
As the intensity of human disturbance gradually increases from the countryside or protected areas around the city to the central area, the spatial distribution of its species diversity shows an obvious decreasing trend from the outskirts of the city to the city center, and the buildings, road density and other infrastructure in the process of urbanization result in the reduction of vegetation cover in urban areas, as well as the decline and instability of the level of biodiversity of wild plants and animals. In addition, the scientific and systematic nature of the protection and restoration of biodiversity in urban green spaces has yet to be explored, including the inadequacy of the monitoring system, the lack of uniformity in monitoring and evaluation methods, and the lack of a clear mechanism for correlating biodiversity in different habitats under artificial disturbance.
The topic of this issue “Biodiversity of Urban Green Space” focuses on typical urban green space types, takes multiple types of biological species as research objects, and carries out research on the identification and monitoring of biodiversity indicator species in urban green space, the influence mechanism of different levels of urbanization on the biodiversity of indicator species, as well as the construction technology of urban ecological corridor network based on the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity, and so on. The method for investigating the biodiversity of advantageous species in urban green spaces was developed, in order to provide scientific basis for the scientific evaluation of biodiversity levels in urban green spaces and the development and utilization of new and superior plants in newly constructed green spaces; A deep learning based bird sound data analysis and recognition system was created to achieve automatic recognition of species information contained in the target sound; The soil fungal diversity characteristics of urban park green spaces and road green spaces were analyzed, revealing the main composition factors affecting soil borne plant pathogenic fungal communities; The impact of different habitats on biodiversity in urban ecological corridors was analyzed, providing new research perspectives and technical support for biodiversity conservation and ecological spatial pattern optimization at the urban scale.
Urban biodiversity is a multidisciplinary research field, and the future research practice needs the synergy of the discipline of landscape architecture with the discipline of ecology, botany, zoology, genetics and other disciplines, to promote the normalized monitoring of biodiversity in urban green space, and to integrate the protection and enhancement of urban biodiversity into the urban function repair, ecological restoration, and the construction of urban green space ecological network systems.
Editor-in-Chief
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