全球课堂|哈佛Rebecca Lemov & 萧建业: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE

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感谢哈佛大学科学史系Victor Seow(萧建业）教授授权发布此门课程的课程大纲。版权归Rebecca Lemov and Victor Seow 教授所有。

Harvard University

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

HISTSCI 3003A | Fall 2023

Rebecca Lemov and Victor Seow, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University

This seminar offers an introduction to graduate study in the history of science, technology, and medicine. Through the reading and discussion of scholarship both classic and contemporary, we will familiarize ourselves with some of the main historiographical issues that have shaped our field. More generally, we will explore what it means to be a historian of science in this moment and develop and hone scholarly skills that will allow us to pursue work in the field that is meaningful to ourselves and to others.

Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. That is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books: else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man; and therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.*

COURSE COMPONENTS

Readings: This seminar is grounded in the weekly discussion of selected readings. For most classes, we will read a book and two or three articles, chapters, and essays. On weeks when we have assignments due (Week 5: Globalizing the History of Science and Week 11: The History of Science in the Anthropocene), the reading load will be slightly lighter. In Week 7: Race and Science, you can pick between Rana Hogarth’s Medicalizing Blackness and Pablo Gómez’s The Experiential Caribbean. Over the course of the semester, beginning with the scholarly skill of the week (see below) discussion in Week 2: Kuhn’s Revolution, we will talk about reading strategies. For now, a few words from Francis Bacon about why and how we should read:

Scholarly Skill of the Week: Each class, we will spend some time reflecting on a particular skill relevant to the work we do as historians of science, from reading books to selecting sites and subjects of study. At times, our focus will be not so much a skill as a topic we think may be worth discussing, be this the scholarly communities are part of or the audiences we envision for our work. On several occasions, we will ask you to do a small exercise pertaining to the skill or topic of the week as part of the weekly discussion board post (see below).

Weekly Discussion Board Posts: Every week, beginning from Week 2: Kuhn’s Revolution, and with the exception of weeks in which we have assignments due (Week 5: Globalizing the History of Science and Week 11: The History of Science in the Anthropocene), you will pen short posts for the discussion board in advance of class. Most weeks, you will be asked to respond to two or three prompts, which can be related to the readings or to the scholarly skill of the week (see above). We are not going to mandate how long these posts should be, but if you would like a ballpark figure, let us say around 300 words. In addition, once you have made your own post, please reply to at least one other classmate’s post. Posts (both original and replies) are due each week on Wednesday at 5:00 pm. This would give us all sufficient time to read them over before we meet the following day.

Assignments: In addition to the weekly discussion board posts, we have three written assignments for the semester. The first two are short essays (3–4 pages) on the global history of science (due on October 5) and on trends in the historiography of the history of science (due on November 16). The last is a slightly longer essay (5–7 pages). For that, you will have the option of writing on a topic within the history of science that is of interest to you, situating this within the existing historiography. Alternatively, you can craft an assignment of your own that best serves your purpose (in consultation with the instructors). This will be due on December 10. More details on each of these assignments will be provided.

Rapporteur: Each class, we will have a rapporteur who takes notes of our conversation and who will, in the final minutes of our meeting, report on the day’s discussion. Everyone will sign up for at least one slot at the beginning of the semester.

COURSE POLICIES

Please refer to the course Canvas site for statements of various course policies.

SCHEDULE OF CLASSES AND READINGS

Sep 7 Week 1: INTRODUCTIONS

▪ Lynn K. Nyhart, “Historiography of the History of Science,” in Bernard Lightman, ed., A Companion to the History of Science (Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2016), 7–22. Sep 14

Week 2: KUHN’S REVOLUTION

▪ Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 50th anniversary ed., with introductory essay by Ian Hacking (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012 [1962]).

▪ Steven Shapin, “Paradigms Gone Wild,” London Review of Books (March 30, 2023): https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n07/steven-shapin/paradigms-gone-wild

▪ Lorraine Daston, “Structure,” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 42:5 (2012): 496–499.

▪ Daiwie Fu, “Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions and Developments in History and Philosophy of Science and Science and Technology Studies in Taiwan: A Short Story,” East Asian Science, Technology and Society 6:4 (2012): 541–547.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: How do we read books?

Week 3: SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF SCIENCE

▪ Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011 [1985]).

▪ Elizabeth Potter, Gender and Boyle’s Law of Gases (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001), “Now We See It,” 3–21.

▪ Donna Haraway, “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,” Feminist Studies 14:3 (1988): 575–599.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: How do we take notes?

Sep 28 Week 4: THE LABORATORY

▪ Bruno Latour, “Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise the World (1983; abridged 1998),” in Mario Biagioli, ed., The Science Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1999), 258–275.

▪ Emily Martin, Experiments of the Mind: From the Cognitive Psychology Lab to the World of Facebook and Twitter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022).

▪ Lorraine Daston, “Science Studies and the History of Science,” Critical Inquiry 35:4 (2009):798–813.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: How do we select sites and subjects of study?

Oct 5 Week 5: GLOBALIZING THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

▪ Lorraine Daston, “The History of Science and the History of Knowledge,” KNOW 1:1 (2017):131–154.3

▪ Kapil Raj, “Beyond Postcolonialism… and Postpositivism: Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104 (2013): 337–347.

▪ Fa-ti Fan, “The Global Turn in the History of Science,” East Asian Science, Technology and Society 6:2 (2012): 249–258.

▪ Roger Hart, “Beyond Science and Civilization: A Post-Needham Critique,” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 16 (1999): 88–114.

▪ Eden Medina, Ivan da Costa Marques, and Christina Holmes, “Introduction: Beyond Imported Magic,” in Eden Medina, Ivan da Costa Marques, and Christina Holes, eds., Beyond Imported

▪ Magic: Essays on Science, Technology, and Society in Latin America (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2014), 1–23.

Assignment #1 Due: Short essay on the global history of science

Oct 12 Week 6: INDIGENOUS AND POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE

▪ Max Liboiron, Pollution is Colonialism (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2021).

▪ Jessica Kolopenuk, “Miskâsowin: Indigenous Science, Technology, and Society,” Genealogy 4:1(2020): 1–21.

▪ Kim TallBear, “Genomic Articulations of Indigeneity,” Social Studies of Science 43:4 (2013): 509–533.

▪ Banu Subramaniam, Laura Foster, Sandra Harding, Deboleena Roy, and Kim TallBear, Feminism, Postcolonialism, Technoscience,” in Ulrike Felt, Rayvon Fouché, Clark A. Miller, “and Laurel Smith-Doerr, eds., The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, 4th ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2016), 407–434.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: What are communities of scholarship, and how do we cultivate them?

Oct 19 Week 7: RACE AND SCIENCE

▪ Rana A. Hogarth, Medicalizing Blackness: Making Racial Difference in the Atlantic World, 1780–1840 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017).

or

▪Pablo F. Gómez, The Experiential Caribbean: Creating Knowledge and Healing in the Early Modern Atlantic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017).

and

▪ Tiago Saraiva, “Black Science: Amílcar Cabral’s Agricultural Survey and the Seeds of African Decolonization,” Isis 113:3 (2022): 597–609.

▪ Elise Burton, “Red Crescents: Race, Genetics, and Sickle Cell Disease in the Middle East,” Isis 110:2 (2019): 250–269.

▪ Edward Jones-Imhotep, “The Ghost Factories: Histories of Automata and Artificial Life,” History and Technology 36:1 (2020): 3–29.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: How do we use libraries, archives, and other repositories of sources?

Oct 26 Week 8: SCIENCE AND POLITICS: THE HISTORY OF SOCIALIST SCIENCE

▪ Sigrid Schmalzer, The People’s Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).

▪ Alexei Kojevnikov, “The Phenomenon of Soviet Science,” Osiris 23:1, Intelligentsia Science: The Russian Century, 1860–1960 (2008): 115–135.

▪ Sigrid Schmalzer, “On the Appropriate Use of Rose-Colored Glasses: Reflections on Science in Socialist China,” Isis 98:3 (2007): 571–583. Science for the People: www.scienceforthepeople.org

Scholarly Skill of the Week: What do we care about, and what might we try to do about it?

November 2 Week 9: THE MATERIAL IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

▪Pamela H. Smith, From Lived Experience to the Written Word: Reconstructing Practical Knowledge in the Early Modern World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022).

▪ Dagmar Schäfer, The Crafting of the 10,000 Things: Knowledge and Technology in Seventeenth-Century China (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), “Introduction,” 1–19.

▪ Lissa Roberts and Simon Schaffer, “Preface,” in Lissa Roberts, Simon Schaffer, and Peter Dear, eds., The Mindful Hand: Inquiry and Invention from the Late Renaissance to Early Industrialization (Amsterdam: Koninkliijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 2007), xiii–xxvii.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: How do we work with non-textual sources?

November 9 Week 10: SCIENCES OF THE SELF

▪ Sarah Igo, The Known Citizen: A History of Privacy in Modern American (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018).

▪ Yangyang Cheng, “The All-American Myth of the Tik Tok Spy,” Wired (August 9, 2023):https://www.wired.com/story/china-espionage-tiktok-spying-national-security/

▪ Nikolas Rose, Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), “A Critical History of Psychology,” 41–66.

Scholarly Skill of the Week: Who do we write for?

November 16 Week 11: THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN THE ANTHROPOCENE

▪ Lukas M. Verburgt and Elske de Waal, eds., “Focus: History of Science in the Anthropocene,” Isis 13:2 (2022): 366–416.

▪ Julia Adeney Thomas, “History and Biology in the Anthropocene: Problems of Scale, Problems of Value,” American Historical Review 119:5 (2014): 1587–1607.

▪Gabrielle Hect, “The African Anthropocene,” Aeon (February 6, 2018): https://aeon.co/essays/if-we-talk-about-hurting-our-planet-who-exactly-is-the-we

▪ Kate Brown, Manual for Survival: A Chernobyl Guide to the Future (New York: W. W. Norton,2019), “Introduction: The Survivor’s Manual,” “Liquidators at Hospital No. 6,” “In Search of Catastrophe,” “Thyroid Cancer: The Canary in the Medical Mine,” “Bare Life,” and “Conclusion: Berry Picking into the Future,” 1–25, 232–248, and 296–312.

▪ Bathsheba Demuth, “Living in the Bones,” Emergence Magazine (September 16, 2021): https://emergencemagazine.org/essay/living-in-the-bones/

Assignment #2 Due: Short essay on historiographical trends in the history of science

November 23 Week 12: THANKSGIVING BREAK

November 30† Week 13: HOW THE SAUSAGE IS MADE (ALSO, VEGETARIAN LUNCH)

This week, Rebecca and Victor will each share an unpublished work-in-progress for discussion. Over lunch, we will celebrate the end of your first semester of graduate school and take stock of lessons you have learned and experiences you have had over the past few months.

December 10 Assignment #3 Due

There is a chance that we may have to reschedule this meeting. We will discuss this when we convene at the beginning of the semester.

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