Australia to Refer China to WTO Over Wine Tariffs 澳大利亚发起葡萄酒国际起诉

Australia to Refer China to WTO Over Wine Tariffs

Australia is asking the World Trade Organization to intervene in its dispute with China over the imposition of anti-dumping duties on Australian wine exports.
Beijing accused Australia of illegally subsidizing its wine producers, and in November announced additional import taxes of more than 200% on Australian wine for five years.

China was Australia’s most valuable wine export market, but the duties have almost killed off that lucrative trade. Australian officials have denied the wine industry has been subsidized, as China has alleged.

Canberra has said it will now appeal China’s tariffs on wine exports to the World Trade Organization.

“In March this year the Chinese government put countervailing duties on Australian wine ranging between 116% to 220%,” said Australian trade minister Dan Tehan. “That has had a serious impact on the Australian wine industry. Our exports have fallen from 1.1 billion [Australian] dollars to approximately $20 million. As a result, and following close consultation with the Australian wine industry, and I thank them for the cooperative way they have worked with the government, we have decided to take this wine dispute to the World Trade Organization.”


The action came just days after a summit of the G-7 grouping of advanced economies echoed Australia's call for a tougher stand against China's trade practices.

It is the second time in six months Canberra has called in the WTO. The first was after China applied tariffs to Australian barley exports.
The WTO resolution process involves lengthy consultations and possible adjudication.
Analysts warn that the WTO is unlikely to reach a conclusion regarding the contentious wine tariffs for some years.
澳大利亚政府宣布，将就与中国葡萄酒关税问题向世贸组织提起申诉
当地时间6月19日，澳大利亚贸易部长丹•特汉（Dan Tehan）宣布，将就中国征收澳葡萄酒反倾销关税问题向世贸组织提起申诉，并扬言澳政府会“积极捍卫本国葡萄酒行业的利益”。
这是澳大利亚政府六个月来第二次就向世贸组织“告状”。澳前贸易部长伯明翰曾于去年12月就大麦贸易争端一事向世贸组织提出申诉，时隔近半年后，才终于获得受理。
今年3月26日，我国商务部公布对澳产葡萄酒反倾销调查的最终裁定，即原产于澳大利亚的进口相关葡萄酒存在倾销，国内相关葡萄酒产业受到实质损害，而且倾销与实质损害之间存在因果关系。
因此，商务部决定自2021年3月28日起，对其征收5年反倾销税，税率最高可达218.4%。
ABC称，这是澳大利亚向世贸组织提出的第九次争端申诉，也是六个月来第二次就向世贸组织“告状”。
去年12月，澳前贸易部长伯明翰曾就大麦贸易争端一事向世贸组织提出申诉。时隔近半年后，世贸组织才终于接了澳大利亚的“诉状”，同意就中方征收澳大麦关税问题成立“贸易争端解决”专家小组。

Over 1 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines administered in China

More than 1 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered across China as of Saturday, the National Health Commission (NHC) said Sunday.
China accelerated its pace of free COVID-19 vaccinations for the whole nation since late March. The country hit the landmark figure of 100 million vaccinations on March 27.

The vaccination rate spiraled further to hit 200 million on April 20. The pace of inoculation kept speeding up with 300 million jabs on May 7, 500 million on May 23 and 1 billion on June 19.

At present, the country is conducting clinical trials for 21 COVID-19 vaccine candidates. While four vaccines have been granted conditional marketing approval, three have been authorized for emergency use in the country.

China's nationwide vaccination campaign is open to people aged over 18. The country has also approved the emergency use of domestic inactivated vaccines on people aged 3 to 17. Detailed policies will be formulated for the immunization of this age group based on the specific COVID-19 situation.

By the end of this year, at least 70 percent of the population in the country is expected to be vaccinated against COVID-19, said Zeng Yixin, deputy head of NHC.
The large-scale vaccination campaign carried out across the country has shown that Chinese COVID-19 vaccines are safe, said Zeng, noting that the incidence rates of common side effects caused by the vaccines were well within the international standards.
全国新冠疫苗接种超十亿剂次
截至6月19日，全国新冠疫苗接种超10亿剂次。国内大规模接种充分显示，我国疫苗具有良好的安全性，一般反应、异常反应发生率均低于2019年我国常规接种的各类疫苗平均报告水平。预计到今年年底前，完成至少70%的目标人群接种。
2020年12月15日，我国正式启动重点人群新冠疫苗接种工作。今年3月下旬开始，国家加快推进国民全人群免费接种。重点行业、重点单位、重点地区，接种人群一扩再扩；临时接种点、流动接种点、重点场所上门接种齐头并进。目前，我国新冠疫苗接种已覆盖18岁以上人群。在全国各地，不少高龄老人也加入了接种队伍，年龄最大者超过了100岁。
3月24日，我国启动新冠疫苗接种“日报制”。从1亿剂次到2亿剂次，用了25天；从2亿剂次到3亿剂次，用了16天……5月以来，新冠疫苗接种进入“加速跑”，从9亿剂次到10亿剂次仅用5天，日均接种量超过2000万剂次。

目前，我国已有21个新冠疫苗进入临床试验阶段。有4个疫苗在国内获批附条件上市，3个疫苗在国内获批紧急使用。

Male rat gave birth to 10 cubs raised controversy

A Weibo hashtag related to the study posted on the preprint server bioRxiv.org on Wednesday had been viewed more than 330 million times by Saturday, with commenters wondering if it would lead to “male mothers”.
“This is against the laws of nature. What is the significance of this kind of research?” one commenter wrote. 

“The process is quite cruel. It’s like turning both the male and female rats into incubators,” another person said.

In the experiments, two researchers at Naval Medical University in Shanghai first surgically joined a castrated male rat and a female rat to form a parabiont – two organisms that share one blood system.Eight weeks later, a uterus from a second female rat was transplanted into the male of the pair.

Embryos were then transplanted into the parabiont’s grafted uterus and the female side’s natural uterus. If the embryos took, the pups were delivered via caesarean section after 21 days.
The researchers said in the paper that six of the 163 males of the parabionts became pregnant, a success rate of 3.68 per cent.“The success rate of the entire experiment was very low, but 10 pups could still be delivered from male parabionts by caesarean sections and developed into adulthood,” the authors said in the paper.

They added that the pups born from the male side developed normally to maturity, and their organs had no obvious abnormalities.
The researchers found that the transplanted embryos from the grafted uteruses developed to maturity if they were exposed to blood from the pregnant female.
“Only those embryos exposed to pregnant blood from female parabionts may develop normally in male parabionts, suggesting the normal development of embryos in male mammalian animals [relies] on a mechanism that can be induced by pregnant blood exposure rather than female blood exposure,” they said, adding that the mechanism needed further investigation.
“Our research reveals the possibility of normal embryonic development in male mammalian animals, and it may have a profound impact on the research of reproductive biology,” the authors said.
“To our best knowledge, it has never been reported before that male pregnancy can be achieved in mammalian animals.”
Male pregnancy is unique to syngnathidae, a family of fish including pipefish and seahorses.

But Ge, from the University of Macau, said the males in the study could not be considered real males because they had been castrated and connected to females. It put them in a female endocrine environment with hormones essential to maintain pregnancy.

“The animals they used in the study are actually females although the carriers are a male body. The embryos were obtained from females, developed in transplanted female’s uterus, and supported by female hormones through the connected circulatory systems,” he said.
“However, it provides a hope for in vitro pregnancy, which means embryonic development in an artificial chamber serving as uterus outside mother’s body as long as an female endocrine environment is provided.”
雄性老鼠怀孕产子引发争议
最近，我国科学家成功地孕育雄性小鼠并成功顺利产下后代，自此打破了自然规律。
研究人员表示，他们受到雄性海马孕育的启发，看看胚胎是否可以在“雄性子宫”中进行生存。所以他们选择了一些Lewis大鼠作为研究对象。
在实验期间，研究人员将雌性大鼠和雄性大鼠连接在一起，让它们成为连体儿。然后将其他雌性大鼠的子宫移植到连接的雄性大鼠中。最后，研究团队将初始胚胎成为雄性子宫和与雄性大鼠有关的大鼠的原始子宫。
而两只小鼠成为配体的原因，它是因为在雄性大鼠中发育胚胎以共享的“妊娠血液”下进行发育。为了提高试验的成功率，研究团队已纳入46对雌性大鼠，将总共562个胚胎移植到雌性体内，将280个胚胎移植到雄性体中。
在怀孕21.5天后，研究人员发现，在雌性大鼠的子宫内有169个胚胎事正常状态，而在雄性大鼠的子宫中有27个胚胎正常。
最后，经过10个剖腹产，雄性大鼠成功产下10个幼崽，并具有“功能性育种能力”。根据组织学检查，心脏，肺，肝，肾，脑，睾丸，卵巢或子宫没有明显的异常。
然而，在雄性大鼠的剖腹产的情况下，研究人员还发现了一些非正常死亡胎儿，这是雌性大鼠胎儿中未出现的现象。这些死亡胎儿因形态和颜色与正常胎儿有差异，它们伴有胎盘萎缩或肿胀。
作者在论文中写道：“根据我们的知识，雄性哺乳动物从未报告过怀孕的消息......这个实验可能对生殖生物学产生深远的影响。”

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