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美国通过反犹太法案

犹太真的控制了美国

上海国际投融并购NEWS 2024-05-07  上海

《反犹太主义意识法案》：我来贴一下法案全文及翻译，一些比较逆天的内容均已加粗显示：

《反犹太主义意识法案》全文翻译：为执行有关教育项目或活动的联邦反歧视法及其他目的，对国际大屠杀纪念联盟提出的反犹主义定义进行审议。它是由美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会大会上颁布的。

第一节  简略名称本法案可引称为“2023年反犹太主义意识法案”。

第二节 国会的感知以下是国会的感知：(1)《1964年民权法案》第六章（《美国法典》第42编第2000d条及以下）禁止在接受联邦财政援助的项目和活动中基于种族、肤色和国籍的歧视；(2)尽管该法案不包括完全基于宗教的歧视，但因实际或感知到的共同祖先或种族特征而面临歧视的个人，不会因为也是拥有共同宗教的群体的成员而失去该法案的保护；(3)当基于种族、肤色或民族血统的歧视，包括基于实际或感知的共同祖先或民族特征的歧视时，对犹太人的歧视可能会导致对上述法案的违反；(4)美国的政策是，对根植于反犹太主义的被禁止的歧视形式实施该法案，并对该法案所禁止的所有其他形式的歧视进行强有力的打击；并(5)正如白宫2023年5月25日发布的《美国反犹太主义国家战略》所指出的，至关重要的是 ——(A)提高对反犹主义的认识和理解，包括其对美国的威胁；(B)改善犹太社区的安全保障；(C)扭转反犹太主义的常态化，打击反犹太主义歧视；和(D)扩大社区之间的沟通与合作。

第三节 结论国会的结论如下:(1)反犹主义在美国呈上升趋势，正在影响K-12学校、学院和大学的犹太学生。(2)国际大屠杀纪念联盟（在本法中称为“IHRA”）反犹太主义工作定义是帮助个人理解和识别反犹太主义各种表现形式的重要工具。(3) 2019年12月11日，第13899号行政命令将《1964年民权法案》下的反歧视保护扩大到高校校园中遭受反犹太主义侵害的个人，并要求联邦机构在执行《1964年民权法案》第六章时考虑《IHRA反犹太主义工作定义》。(4)自2018年以来，教育部在调查违反该标题 VI 的行为时使用了 IHRA 反犹太主义工作定义。(5)使用反犹太主义的替代定义会增加多种标准，从而损害执法工作，并可能无法识别许多反犹太主义的现代表现形式。(6) 2023年5月25日，白宫发布了首份《美国国家反犹太主义战略》，明确指出打击这种仇恨是一项全国性、两党优先事项，必须通过全政府和全社会的方式成功开展。

第四节 定义。为本法的目的，“反犹太主义的定义”一词——(1)系指2016年5月26日由IHRA(美国为其成员)通过的反犹太主义定义，该定义已被国务院采用；和(2)包括 IHRA 定义中确定的“当代反犹太主义的例子”。

第五节 1964年民权法案第六章的解释规则。在审查、调查或决定是否存在基于种族、肤色或国籍、基于个人实际或感知的共同犹太血统或犹太民族特征的违反1964年《民权法案》第六章(42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.)的行为时，教育部应考虑反犹主义的定义，作为该部评估该行为是否出于反犹意图的一部分。

第六节 其他构造规则。(a)一般构造规则。-本法案中的任何内容均不应被解释为 ——(1)扩大教育部长的权力；(2)改变教育部认定骚扰行为构成可诉歧视的标准；或(3)削弱或者侵犯本法颁布之日起生效的其他法律规定所保护的权利。(b)宪法保护。—— 本法案的任何内容均不得被解释为削弱或侵犯受美国宪法第一修正案保护的任何权利。
众议院于2024年5月1日通过。

解读：
该法案主张将国际大屠杀纪念联盟对反犹主义的定义编入美国《民权法》关于反歧视的章节。众议院当天以320票赞成、91票反对的表决结果通过该法案，下一步将交由参议院审议。按美联社说法，众议院版本的法案在参议院获得通过的前景不明；一旦在参议院过关并由总统签署立法，美国法律对“反犹主义”的界定范围将被扩大，将“攻击以色列国”行为也包括在内。
这一法案在美国国内引发争议。支持者表示，它为美国教育部提供一个亟需的框架，用于监管和调查持续增多的针对犹太裔学生的事件。反对这一法案的众议员杰里·纳德勒认为法案管辖“过度”，“批评以色列的言论本身并不构成违法的歧视”。
这份法案的核心内容主要有4点：不能指责犹太人掌控了美国政府；不能指责犹太人在中东“种族灭绝”；不能指责以色列，因为指责以色列就是在反犹太；不能用神话故事来指责犹太人，尤其是《新约》中的故事来说犹太人干掉了耶稣。

118th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 6090AN ACTTo provide for the consideration of a definition of antisemitism set forth by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance for the enforcement of Federal antidiscrimination laws concerning education programs or activities, and for other purposes.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.This Act may be cited as the “Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023”.SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.It is the sense of Congress that—(1) title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.), prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance;(2) while such title does not cover discriminationbased solely on religion, individuals who face discrimination based on actual or perceived shared ancestry or ethnic characteristicsdo not lose protection under such title for also being members of a group that share a common religion;(3) discrimination against Jews may give rise to a violation of such title when the discrimination is based on race, color, or national origin, which can include discrimination based on actual or perceived shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics;(4) it is the policy of the United States to enforce such title against prohibited forms of discrimination rooted in antisemitism as vigorously as against all other forms of discrimination prohibited by such title; and(5) as noted in the U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism issued by the White House on May 25, 2023, it is critical to—(A) increase awareness and understanding of antisemitism, including its threat to America;(B) improve safety and security for Jewish communities;(C) reverse the normalization of antisemitism and counter antisemitic discrimination; and(D) expand communication and collaboration between communities.SEC. 3. FINDINGS.Congress finds the following:(1) Antisemitism is on the rise in the United States and is impacting Jewish students in K–12 schools, colleges, and universities.(2) The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (referred to in this Act as the “IHRA”) Working Definition of Antisemitism is a vital tool which helps individuals understand and identify the various manifestations of antisemitism.(3) On December 11, 2019, Executive Order 13899 extended protections against discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to individualssubjected to antisemitism on college and university campuses and tasked Federal agencies to consider the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism when enforcing title VI of such Act.(4) Since 2018, the Department of Education has used the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism when investigating violations of that title VI.(5) The use of alternative definitions of antisemitism impairs enforcement efforts by adding multiple standards and may fail to identify many of the modern manifestations of antisemitism.(6) The White House released the first-everUnited States National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism on May 25, 2023, making clear that the fight against this hate is a national, bipartisan priority that must be successfully conducted through a whole-of-government-and-society approach.SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.For purposes of this Act, the term “definition of antisemitism”—(1) means the definition of antisemitism adopted on May 26, 2016, by the IHRA, of which the United States is a member, which definition has been adopted by the Department of State; and(2) includes the “[c]ontemporary examples of antisemitism” identified in the IHRA definition.SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964.In reviewing, investigating, or deciding whether there has been a violation of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.) on the basis of race, color, or national origin, based on an individual’s actual or perceived shared Jewish ancestry or Jewish ethnic characteristics, the Department of Education shall take into consideration the definition of antisemitism as part of the Department’s assessment of whether the practice was motivated by antisemitic intent.SEC. 6. OTHER RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.(a) General Rule Of Construction.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed—(1) to expand the authority of the Secretary of Education;(2) to alter the standards pursuant to which the Department of Education makes a determination that harassing conduct amounts to actionable discrimination; or(3) to diminish or infringe upon the rights protected under any other provision of law that is in effect as of the date of enactment of this Act.(b) Constitutional Protections.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to diminish or infringe upon any right protected under the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.Passed the House of Representatives May 1, 2024.

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