双语 | “十四年抗战”用英文怎么讲？

近来，网络上流传一张教育部基础教育二司的2017年1号函件称要在中小学地方课程教材中全面落实“十四年抗战”概念，引发热议。据新京报报道，这封函确由该司所发，目前2017年春季教材已全面落实↓

据称，根据在教材中要落实“十四年抗战概念”的精神，教育部要求对各级各类教材进行修改，在2017年春季教材中要求全面落实。把中小学地方课程教材中的“八年抗战”字样改为“十四年抗战”，并根据情况修改相关内容，确保树立并突出十四年抗战概念。

那么，我们改如何“更新”对抗战的认识呢？如果遇到类似的翻译，又该如何用英文描述“十四年抗战”？让我们来看看这篇英文报道↓

说法修改

Starting in the spring semester of 2017, China's textbooks will adopt the phrase "14-year Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression," marking a revision to the current wording, the Ministry of Education said Tuesday.

教育部周二（1月10日）表示，从2017年春季学期开始，中国教材将采用“十四年抗战”的表述，以修正通用的说法（八年抗战）。

vocabulary：

十四年抗战 

14-year Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

A document on the revision, issued by the ministry, mandates textbooks fully reflect the crimes committed by Japanese troops in the war, underscoring the continuity of the 14 years of war against Japanese aggression starting in 1931.

教育部关于教材修改的函件要求，应全面反映日军侵华罪行，强调1931年日军开始入侵后的“14年抗战历史”是前后贯通的整体。

Textbooks currently use the phrase "Eight-year Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression," which reflects the date of the beginning of Japan's full-scale invasion of China on July 7, 1937.

教材中现有的“八年抗战”表述指始于1937年7月7日的日本的全面侵华战争。

vocabulary：

全面侵华战争 

full-scale invasion of China

China was the first nation to fight against fascist forces. The struggle started as early as September 18, 1931, when Japanese troops began their invasion of Northeast China. It was intensified when Japan's full-scale invasion began after a crucial access point to Beijing, Lugou Bridge, also known as Marco Polo Bridge, was attacked by Japanese troops on July 7, 1937.

中国是第一个反法西斯国家，1931年9月18日，日军入侵中国东北，是中国抗日战争的起点。日军的侵略行径在1937年7月7日攻打进京要塞卢沟桥后演变为全面侵华。

vocabulary：

反法西斯 fight against fascist forces

卢沟桥 Lugou Bridge / Marco Polo Bridge

历史描述

On Sept 18, 1931, Japanese troops blew up a section of railway under its control near Shenyang, then accused Chinese troops of sabotage as a pretext for attack. They bombarded barracks near Shenyang the same evening, starting the 14-year bloody invasion. This was known as the September 18 Incident.

1931年9月18日，日军炸毁沈阳附近其所控制的一段铁路，反诬中国军队所为，当晚以此为借口轰炸了中国军队在沈阳附近的驻地，挑起了长达14年的残酷侵略战争，这就是众所周知的“九一八事变”。

vocabulary：

“九一八事变” 

the September 18 Incident

"To revise 'eight-year war of resistance' into '14-year war of resistance' not only is the consensus among Chinese historians, but also conforms to historical truth," said Wang Jianxue, vice chairman of the China Association of Historians Studying Modern Chinese Historical Materials.

“将‘八年抗战’改为‘14年抗战’不仅是中国历史学家的共识，也符合历史真相。”中国近代史史料学会副会长王建学说。

The September 18 Incident was the start of the Chinese people's resistance against Japanese invasion, ushering in a prelude of the world anti-Fascist war and delivering a profound impact on world history, he added.

他还说，“九一八事变”是中国人民抵抗日本侵略的起始，奏响了世界反法西斯战争的序曲并对世界历史产生深远影响。

vocabulary：

世界反法西斯战争 

the world anti-Fascist war

历史研究

As China marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the end of WWII, Chinese President Xi Jinping in July 2015 urged researchers to study events from 1931 as well as those after 1937.

在中国人民反日本侵略战争和第二次世界大战结束胜利70周年之际，中国国家主席习近平2015年7月号召专家对1931年的事件和1937年以后的事件进行研究。

"We should refute with solid facts those arguments that try to distort, deny or whitewash the history of invasion," he said.

他说：“我们应该用强有力的事实反驳任何试图歪曲、否认、粉饰侵略历史的言论。”

vocabulary：

强有力的事实 

solid facts

From September 18, 1931 to 1933, more than 300,000 Chinese soldiers fought against Japanese troops in Northeast China, according to research by the Institute of Modern History under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

中国社科院近代史研究所研究显示，从1931年9月18日至1933年，有超过30万中国士兵在中国东北抵抗日本军队。

In fact, the new wording is already used in reference textbooks in some provinces, including Liaoning. For example, a textbook on the September 18 Incident, published in 2015 in Liaoning, clearly uses the "14-year" phrase.

事实上，这个新说法已经被包括辽宁的一些省课本采用。例如辽宁2015年出版的一本课本中就明确使用了“14年”这个用法。

Xiao Ling, a history teacher at a middle school in Shenyang, capital of Liaoning, welcomed the revision.

辽宁省会沈阳一所中学的历史老师小玲（音译）欣然接受了这种修改。

"When students asked me when the beginning of the anti-Japanese war actually was, I had great difficulty explaining it to them, because compulsory textbooks use the 'eight-year' phrase," she said.

“我的学生每次问我抗日战争到底是什么时候开始的我都很难跟他们解释。因为义务教育课本用的是‘八年’这个词”她说。

vocabulary：

义务教育

compulsory

The compulsory textbooks have not been revised for a long time, but research on wartime history in recent years has made the 14-year time frame for the anti-Japanese war a widely recognized conclusion, said the teacher.

老师说，义务教育课本很久没修订了，但是近年的战时历史研究已经视14年这个时间框架为抗日战争更广为人知的结论了。

vocabulary：

战时历史研究 

research on wartime history

"More than 70 years have passed since the end of China's resistance war against Japanese invasion. Yet a large amount of historical materials still await in-depth study by Chinese historians," said Zhang Jie, a researcher with the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences.

“据中国抗日战争结束已经70年了。不过还是有大量历史材料亟待中国历史学家进行深入研究。”辽宁社科院研究员张杰表示。

More than 35 million Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed or wounded in the anti-Japanese war.

抗日战争中死伤的中国士兵和平民合计超过350万。

来源：China Daily（欧洲版）

编译：译世界

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