双语 | 翻译必看！特朗普“造”的这些词竟要入选牛津词典了

特朗普自1月20日正式就职美国总统以来（戳这里看特朗普白宫就职演说双语全文），以惊人的执行力落实着他在竞选期间的言论：退出TPP、在美墨边境“建墙”、限制移民……不断搞事情，让整个世界大跌眼镜。

显然，人们当初对特朗普上任后的执行力是远远低估了，接下来，他可能还会继续出大招，给这个世界乱搅一通。

不过，就在特朗普掀起的轩然大波的同时，他还为语言界做出了自己的“贡献”——创造了大量使词典编纂者难以忽视的新词汇。

近日，英国的《牛津英语词典》（Oxford English Dictionary，简称OED）就将特朗普衍生词汇列入了词典的“候选名单”。也许不久的将来，你就会在《牛津英语词典》中发现这些特朗普衍生词。

快来看看，这些词汇你认识几个？

Trumponomics (the president’s economic policy)

“特朗普经济学”——特朗普总统的经济政策

Trumpertantrum (angry early-morning tweeting laced with innuendo and falsehood)

“特朗普式脾气”——每日晨时嘲讽与谎言齐飞的特朗普推文

Trumpkin (a pumpkin carved to resemble the former TV host)

“特朗普南瓜”——雕成特朗普这位前电视节目主持人模样的南瓜

The three words are among neologisms added to a watchlist of words that may be fast-tracked into the Oxford English Dictionary.

这三个新词汇现已被词典编辑者加入备选清单，可能不久将正式写入《牛津英语词典》。

Eleanor Maier, OED associate editor, said a word would usually have been around for about 10 years before being added to the dictionary, but exceptions are made if a word achieves wide currency quickly and can be used without explanation. “Not everything we log will satisfy our inclusion criteria and some of them are likely to be relatively short-lived,” she said. “But it means we have a record of the usage and a place to add evidence and developments.”

《牛津英语词典》副编辑埃莉诺·梅尔透露，通常被选入词典的得是至少已使用十年的新词，但也有例外——那些迅速广泛传播，无需解释即能使用的新词。“并非我们收录的所有词条都严格符合收录标准，其中一些也很有可能只是昙花一现，非常短命。但这至少给我们留下了词汇使用的记录，并提供了一个位置去添加新的语言证据和语言发展。”

Maier said social media had fast-tracked some words, beyond a relatively small pool of politically active Twitter users, to the wider population.

梅尔称，从几个政治相关的推特活跃用户，到普罗大众的广泛使用，词汇在网络社交媒体的推广下普及速度非比寻常。

The new US president had given rise to one of the largest groups of words on the watchlist, which is used to monitor potential new additions to the dictionary, which is effectively the canon for standard British English.

这位美国新任总统已然创造了词典备选清单上最大的词汇群组之一，成为名列清单的“候选人”正是登入新一版《牛津英语词典》的钥匙。要知道，《牛津英语词典》可是英语这门语言当之无愧的“圣经”。

Other Trumpian additions include:

名列附加清单的特朗普衍生词汇还有：

Trumpflation, the inflation analysts predict will be caused by the new administration’s economic policies

“特朗普通胀”——据分析师预测，将由特朗普政府经济政策所引起的通货膨胀

Trumpist (a Trump supporter)

“特朗普主义者”——特朗普支持者

Trumpette (a female Trumpist)

“女性的特朗普主义者”——女性特朗普支持者

Trumpista (a rare Hispanic Trumpist)

“西班牙裔的特朗普主义者”——罕见的西班牙裔特朗普支持者

The lexicographer warned that the rapid rise of Trumpisms did not guarantee the US president his own section when the OED is next updated. “It may seem that the current political situation has given rise to new words at a faster rate than before, but it would be interesting to see if Lincoln, Reagan, Thatcher, and Clinton, for example, inspired at the time a similar number of short-lived, and now forgotten, neologisms,” she said.

不过词典编纂者强调，虽然特朗普主义崛起迅速，可也不能保证特朗普总统一定在新一版《牛津英语词典》中占有一席之地。“现今的政治局势看起来似乎使造新词比往昔来得更迅猛些，但有趣的是，看看林肯、里根、撒切尔夫人和克林顿那会儿，他们启发了同样多的新词，只不过这些新词都很短命，现今早已被人遗忘。”

这可不是特朗普头一次影响《牛津英语词典》的词条收录。三个月前，《牛津英语词典》宣布“后真相”（Post-truth）为其年度词。

《牛津英语词典》把“后真相”定义为“诉诸情感及个人信念，较客观事实更能影响民意”。词典编辑表示，自去年起，在特朗普当选美国总统以及英国退欧的大背景之下，“后真相”一词的使用率急遽上升2000%。目前“后真相”一词已被选入《牛津英语词典（电子版）》（OxfordDictionaries.com），词典编纂者将进一步监测其未来的使用，决定是否纳入《牛津英语词典》的未来版本。

As well as words that play on the president’s surname, words attributed to the extremes of the political spectrum have been added, though some may not outlive the recent election.

除了直接从特朗普姓氏衍生出的词汇外，《牛津英语词典》备选清单上还添加了许多与近期政治局势相关的词汇，尽管其中某些词汇存在的时间并没有长过刚刚结束的美国大选。

Healther, which was based on “birther” and means a person who believes that Hilary Clinton has a serious, undisclosed illness, is likely to go the same way as the Democrat presidential candidate’s election campaign.

“健康阴谋论者”（Healther），这一词汇的发明仿照了“出生地阴谋论者”（Birther，即用来指那些宣称美国第44届总统奥巴马篡改了出生证明的人）。而“健康阴谋论者”，则是指称反对希拉里的一些阴谋论者，他们认为希拉里有着严重的健康问题并秘而不宣，极有可能撑不过此次美国大选。

But Vichy Republican, used by the left to describe a Republican who supports Trump because it is expedient, may live longer if the president’s shoot-from-the-lip style makes his party dump him mid-term.

“维希共和党人”（Vichy Republican，“维希”指第二次世界大战期间被纳粹德国控制的法国傀儡政权）则被左翼人士用来指称那些出于权宜之计支持特朗普的共和党人士。这一词汇有望存在得更久些，假如这位新总统口无遮拦的风格使他被共和党人在中期选举时抛弃。

British political woes have also contributed to the watchlist. Heading those that could make it into the dictionary is Bremainian, used by Brexit supporters about their disappointed referendum opponents. Brexit was added to the OED last year, and is the highest profile word to use “exit” as a suffix. Citing Texit/Calexit (the hypothetical withdrawal of Texas/California from the US), Maier said: “The –exit suffix seems to be following the model of –gate suffix, in giving rise to a number of ephemeral words.” She added: “So it may be that in the future, the –exit suffix is a dictionary entry in its own right.”

英国的政治悲剧也为《牛津英语词典》备选清单贡献不小。排在前面的就有Bremainian（英国留欧支持者），被英国脱欧（Brexit）支持者用来指称他们的公投对手。Brexit（英国脱欧）在去年被《牛津英语词典》收录，-exit词尾的使用极其巧妙。Teixt（美国德克萨斯州脱离美国）和Calexit（美国加利福尼亚州脱离美国）两词的发明也依法炮制。梅尔称：“-exit词尾似乎模仿了-gate词尾（自水门事件 Watergate之后，-gate词尾专门用来加在丑闻事件名称之后，中文使用如‘艳照门’）的使用，同样创造了许多非常短命的词汇。”她进一步称：“今后或许-exit词尾也会在词典中打下一片江山。”

来源："译•世界"微信公众号综编于英国卫报，澎湃新闻网，转载请注明出处。

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