四六级翻译考点预测（四）| 民间艺术与传统工艺

四六级考试将于6月16日开考，

还有一周的准备时间，同学们要抓紧哦！

今天小编准备了

民间艺术与传统工艺相关的翻译素材，

包含非常多该主题的常用词汇和表达，

同学们一定要抓紧时间复习啦！

相信大家通过细致认真的学习， 

一定能顺利通过考试！

皮影戏

皮影戏是流行于中国的一门古老民间艺术。这种艺术形式产生于两千多年前，到了宋代，皮影戏已十分发达。13世纪时，皮影戏传到西亚，到了18世纪传到世界很多地方。1 皮影戏是世界上最早由人配音的影画艺术。它的成功给现代电影很大的启发。皮影戏的妙处不仅在于皮影的制作，更在于表演。2 其表演水平的高低，取决于演员的唱功和手上功夫。3 过去没有电影、电视等现代娱乐，皮影戏成为重要的娱乐形式。即使是在娱乐业高度发达的今天它仍然受到人们的广泛喜爱。2011年，皮影戏被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

Shadow puppetry is an ancient folk art popular among the Chinese people. The art form first appeared 2,000 years ago and by the Song Dynasty it had become highly developed. In the 13th century it was introduced into West Asia, and by the 18th century it had spread to many parts of the world. Shadow puppetry is the world’s earliest movie art with the accompaniment of human voice. Its success has given much enlightenment to the development of modern movie. The appeal of shadow puppetry lies not only in its puppet-making, but more in its performance. How good a shadow play is depends on the singing of the performers and their handling of the puppets. In the past, without film, television, or other modern entertainments, shadow puppetry was an important form of entertainment. Even today when the entertainment industry is highly developed, shadow puppetry remains a welcome form of entertainment. In 2011, shadow puppetry was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

翻译简析

1 原文用了两个“传到”，译文分别译作was introduced into和spread to，避免重复使用相同的动词，更符合英文的行文习惯。

2 句中的“妙处”译作appeal，巧妙而传神。也可译为beauty或merit。

3 原文的“手上功夫”在翻译时作了具体化处理，译为their handling of the puppets。

翻译中有时需要在抽象和具体之间、虚与实之间进行转换，以便表意清楚明晰。

景泰蓝

景泰蓝是驰名中外的传统工艺，其制作既运用了青铜和瓷器工艺，又融入了中国传统绘画和雕刻技艺，是一门地道的北京绝活。1 景泰蓝这种工艺盛行于明代景泰年间（1450-1456），当时的颜色主要是蓝色，故称“景泰蓝”。2 景泰蓝到了清代有所发展，克服了明代制作时的某些缺点，但在朴实厚重上不及明代。3 景泰蓝光彩夺目，精美华贵，堪称国宝，具有鲜明的民族风格和深刻的文化内涵。2006年，景泰蓝入选首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。现在，景泰蓝是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。

Cloisonné is a traditional craft widely known in and outside China. It is a kind of superb local expertise of Beijing, which combines the techniques of bronze and porcelain and the skills of traditional Chinese painting and carving. The making of cloisonné gained great popularity during the Jingtai reign (1450-1456) of the Ming Dynasty, with the main color used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue”, or cloisonné as it became known later on. Cloisonné was further developed during the Qing Dynasty. Technically, it overcame some of the weaknesses of the Ming cloisonné, but it lacked the latter’s simplicity and dignified heaviness. Glittering and elegant, exquisite and extravagant, it is hailed as a national treasure with a distinctive national style and profound cultural connotations. In 2006, it was listed into the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Nowadays, cloisonné is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors; it also provides refined ornaments for daily use.

翻译简析

1 本句较长，翻译时拆分成两句。“地道的北京绝活”译为superb local expertise of Beijing，“绝活”处理得很灵活。

2 译文对“景泰蓝”作了补充，or cloisonné as it became known later on，这样意思更清楚，便于西方读者理解。增译不是随意增加内容，而是根据上下文，增添必要的信息。

3 本句采用了分译法，便于突出清代发展的情况。

刺绣

中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣就是其中的一种。1 刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为“女红”。2 刺绣在中国受到人们的广泛喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品。3 中国有四大名绣：苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。4 各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。5 其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。

China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the traditional Chinese folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it is also called “women’s needlework”. Embroidery has been widely popular among the Chinese people. It can be used to decorate clothing and other articles of daily use. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China – respectively from Suzhou, Guangdong, Hunan, and Sichuan – each having its own style and different themes. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.

翻译简析

1 本句的翻译需留意英文句子结构，用了thereby和one of which等连接词语，主次分明，结构严谨。“丝绸的故乡”译为home to silk，也可译为the home of silk。

2 “从事刺绣的”可直译为embroiderer。“女红”这个中国文化特色词无对应的英语词汇，此处意译为women’s needlework。

3 本句采用了分译法，例子另译为一句，便于读者理解。

4 本句谈到四大名绣分别出自不同地区，译文用介词from，简洁明了。

5 本句与上一句语义联系紧密，合译为一句，结构自然紧凑。

以上内容整理自《大学英语文化翻译教程》。

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《大学英语文化翻译教程》以中国传统文化、中国现代社会经济发展及改革开放成就为主要内容，兼顾典型的西方社会文化现象，传授文化翻译技巧，加强英汉互译训练，帮助学生在学习文化知识的同时提升翻译能力，是备考四六级文化翻译的有效素材！

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