2020年是我国现行标准下农村人口脱贫、贫困县摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困的收官之年。
今天下午,贵州宣布紫云县等最后9个贫困县退出贫困县序列,标志着贵州省66个贫困县已脱贫摘帽。加上21日甘肃宣布最后8个贫困县脱贫摘帽,20日广西宣布8个贫困县摘帽,以及11月新疆、云南、四川等省区市先后宣布贫困县清零,至此,全国22个省区市共832个贫困县,全部实现脱贫摘帽。China has eliminated absolute poverty one month before its self-imposed deadline after the last nine impoverished counties in the southwestern province of Guizhou were removed from the poverty list on Monday.Since last week, authorities in the last provinces and autonomous regions with poverty-stricken counties have successively declared their localities absolute poverty-free following extensive inspections. They include Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Gansu Province.Guizhou was the final provincial-level area to declare victory over absolute poverty.China has set the goal of eliminating extreme poverty by the end of 2020.2011年,中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准。China's poverty line stands at 2,300 yuan per year at 2010 prices or a little less than a dollar a day. It is important to note that the country's poverty line is not a fixed number but is adjusted every year to reflect the inflationary pressure faced by the rural population using 2010 as a base.2017年9月30日,《贫困县退出专项评估检查实施办法(试行)》(下称“实施办法”)开始实施,其中确定的贫困县退出标准可以用“三率一度”来概括,即综合贫困发生率要降到2%以下,群众认可度达到90%以上,原则上没有错退率和漏评率。也就是说,没有贫困县的省份并不意味着没有贫困人口,相应的,贫困县摘帽后也不意味着县域内不再有贫困人口。1986年至1989年间,中央政府确认了331个国定贫困县;1994年贫困县首次调整,国定贫困县的数量增至592个;2001年,国定贫困县改为国家扶贫开发重点县,数量仍为592个;2011年,国家鼓励扶贫开发重点县减少,但实际上,各省份坚持“退一补一”,重点县总数仍为592个。2012年,国务院扶贫办先后发布了两份名单:国家扶贫开发工作重点县名单、全国连片特困地区分县名单,前者包括中西部22个省份的592个县,后者则涉及14个集中连片特殊困难地区的680个县,有440个县同时出现在两份名单中,刨去重叠部分,全国共有贫困县832个,涉及22个省区市。其中,贫困县覆盖率最高的西藏,全区74个县全部都是贫困县。完全没有贫困县的省份只有9个。也就是说,中国差不多每三个县中就有一个贫困县,贫困县的面积总和占了国土面积的一半。从2016年开始,我国贫困县逐年脱贫,退出数量在2019年达到峰值。今年初,国务院扶贫开发领导小组对2019年底未摘帽的52个贫困县实施挂牌督战。不获全胜决不收兵。连续7年来,我国每年减贫人口都在1000万人以上,贫困人口从2012年底的9899万人减至2019年底的551万人,贫困发生率从10.2%降至0.6%。2013年至2019年,832个贫困县农民人均可支配收入由6079元增加到11567元,年均增长9.7%。全国贫困人口建档立卡数据显示,全国建档立卡贫困人口人均纯收入由2016年的4124元增加到2019年的9057元,年均增幅30%。建档立卡贫困人口中,90%以上得到了产业扶贫和就业扶贫支持,三分之二以上主要靠外出务工和产业脱贫,工资性收入和生产经营性收入占比上升,转移性收入占比逐年下降,增收可持续性稳步增强。 脱贫攻坚以来,全国在解决贫困问题上取得了巨大成功,贫困地区在基础设施、公共服务、特色优势产业和生态环境等方面有了明显改善。百色市凌云县弄怀屯扶贫前后对比照。(图片来源:CCTV)
In 2013, one in every three counties in China was labeled "poverty-stricken." Back then, the country had 832 severely impoverished counties, housing over 80 million people. Only nine provincial-level areas – namely Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Liaoning, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang – were free of poor counties.Tibet Autonomous Region was the most impoverished area in the country with 74 counties listed as poverty-stricken.In the past seven years, 10 million people were lifted out of penury in China on average every year.The population living in absolute poverty dropped from 98.99 million at the end of 2012 to 5.51 million by late 2019. Over the same period, the number of impoverished counties decreased from 832 to 52.如前所述,贫困县摘帽并不意味着全部贫困人口脱贫,且脱贫后如何抑制返贫也是一重要课题。在21号的发布会上,甘肃省政府表示,下一步,将继续发展特色产业,保持攻坚态势,进一步查漏补缺,做到摘帽不摘责任、摘帽不摘政策、摘帽不摘帮扶、摘帽不摘监管。