站到台前的金主们:美国大选迫近,超级富豪如何“下注押宝”?
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
引言
支持特朗普与哈里斯的“金主”们是谁?
蒂莫西·梅隆(Timothy Mellon)。他是亿万富翁银行家族的82岁隐居继承人,已经向MAGA Inc.捐赠了1.5亿美元。
埃隆·马斯克。马斯克已经向他组建的Super PAC——美国政治行动委员会(America PAC)捐赠了1.186亿美元。在上周,特朗普竞选团队向支持者发短信称,马斯克还将向特朗普竞选团队捐赠最高近92.5万美元。
米里亚姆·阿德尔森(Miriam Adelson)。她是《以色列今日报》(Israel Hayom)的出版商和赌场公司拉斯维加斯金沙集团(Las Vegas Sands)的老板,目前已向特朗普的Super PAC和筹款委员会捐赠了至少1.058亿美元。
里德·霍夫曼(Reid Hoffman)。他是领英(Linkedln)的联合创始人与知名风险投资家。自2016年特朗普赢得大选以来,已成为最直言不讳的民主党捐赠者之一。他已花费至少1160万美元,试图让哈里斯在2024年当选。
迈克尔·布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)。他是前纽约市市长以及美国国防部顾问委员会的主席。联邦记录显示,5月份,布隆伯格向 Future Forward、哈里斯胜利基金和哈里斯总统竞选基金捐赠了超过1900万美元。还向环境保护选民联盟胜利基金和其他支持哈里斯的PAC捐赠了数百万美元。
乔治·索罗斯(George Soros)和亚历克斯·索罗斯(Alex Soros)。乔治·索罗斯是美国著名金融家与进步主义社会运动家,其子亚历克斯·索罗斯于去年接手了他父亲的金融帝国,成为新一代掌门人。父子俩都是民主党的坚定支持者,其资助的非营利组织政策改革基金会已经向亲哈里斯的一个Super Pac提供了超过6000万美元的捐款。
从当前吸纳资金规模来看,截至今年9月30日,哈里斯团队累计筹集了9亿美元的资金,而特朗普团队仅筹集了3.76亿美元。在竞选支出上,哈里斯团队更是远胜特朗普,哈里斯团队投入.7亿美元用于投放竞选广告,是特朗普团队在该项支出上的3倍。然而,钱多未必赢,事实上在2016年美国大选中,特朗普的吸金能力和竞选支出亦不敌希拉里·克林顿,但不妨碍其获得了最终的胜利。
此外,根据近期民调,特朗普涨势明显,大有逆势赶超之势。当前,根据盖洛普、路透社等机构的民调,哈里斯的领先优势日益微弱;而《华尔街日报》、福克斯新闻所公布的数据表明,特朗普的支持率甚至已然超出哈里斯。在关键的7个摇摆州和选举人团的数据上,《经济学人》杂志的预测模型数据表明,特朗普获胜的概率达到了47%,并极有可能赢得关键的选举人票;而民调网站538的预测显示,哈里斯的民调结果在有最多选举人票的宾夕法尼亚州落后于特朗普,在威斯康星州和密歇根州也仅仅超过特朗普不到0.5个百分点。美国的选举局势业已趋于明朗,哈里斯领先优势的边际增长不再,而特朗普的赶超形势愈发被看涨。
当大选遇上金钱:
候选人的巨额支持资金由何而来?
开盘之前:
“金钱开道”的选战
能走多远、应走多远?
Arnaud Leparmentier. “Musk Has Gone from Donor to Major Player in Trump’s Campaign, but How Influential Is He?” Le Monde.fr, Le Monde, 22 Oct. 2024, www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/10/22/he-has-gone-from-donor-to-major-player-in-trump-s-campaign-but-how-influential-is-elon-musk_6730077_4.html. Accessed 27 Oct. 2024.
Durkee, Alison. “Trump vs. Harris Fundraising Race: Harris Outraised Trump 3-To-1 with Last Pre-Election Report.” Forbes, 25 Oct. 2024, www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2024/10/25/trump-vs-harris-fundraising-race-harris-outraised-trump-3-to-1-with-last-pre-election-report/.
Fuchs, Hailey. “Two Anonymous $425 Million Donations Give Dark Money Conservative Group a Massive Haul.” POLITICO, www.politico.com/news/2022/11/16/two-anonymous-425-million-donations-gives-dark-money-conservative-group-a-massive-haul-00067493.
Gillum, Jack, and DeBarros Anthony. “What Is a Super PAC? How Elon Musk Could Funnel Millions to Help Elect Trump.” The Wall Street Journal, 23 Jul.
https://cn.wsj.com/articles/super-pacs-2024-election-campaign-finance-explained-d0caa9a4
Lyons, Emmet. “As Trump Claims U.K. Labour Party Election Meddling, CBS News Investigates Foreign Agent Campaign Donations.” Cbsnews.com, CBS News, 24 Oct. 2024, www.cbsnews.com/news/campaign-finance-trump-uk-labour-party-us-election-interference-foreign-agents/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2024.
Moore, David. “The Final Pre-Election Reports Are In: Here Are Trump’s 20 Largest Donors.” SLUDGE, 25 Oct. 2024.
https://readsludge.com/2024/10/25/the-final-pre-election-reports-are-in-here-are-trumps-20-largest-donors/
Theodore Schleifer. “Bill Gates Privately Says He Has Backed Harris With $50 Million Donation.” The New York Times, 22 Oct. 2024,
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/22/us/elections/bill-gates-future-forward-kamala-harris.html
Theodore Schleifer. “Who Are the Biggest Donors to Trump and Harris?” The New York Times, 1 Sep. 2024,
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/01/us/elections/democratic-republican-political-donors.html
“Elon Musk Plots His Final Moves for Trump.” The New York Times, 24 Oct. 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/10/24/us/elections/elon-musk-trump-campaign.html.
“Elon Musk Plots His Final Moves for Trump.” The New York Times, 24 Oct. 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/10/24/us/elections/elon-musk-trump-campaign.html.
Ulmer, Alexandra, and Rachael Levy. “Musk Gave $75 Million to Pro-Trump Group, Becoming a Republican Mega Donor.” Reuters, 16 Oct. 2024. www.reuters.com/world/us/musk-gave-75-million-pro-trump-group-becoming-republican-mega-donor-2024-10-16/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2024.
Zielinski, Alex. “How Candidates — and Their Donors — Are Navigating a First-of-Its-Kind Election Season in Portland.” Opb, OPB, 25 Oct. 2024, www.opb.org/article/2024/10/25/how-candidates-and-their-donors-are-navigating-a-first-of-its-kind-election-season-in-portland/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2024.
往期精选