未来，博物馆如何定义？（第五期）

面对近几十年来博物馆界发生的巨大变化，作为博物馆发展的指导性纲领，现有的博物馆定义似乎已落后于时代，无法真实而全面的反映当前博物馆的挑战、前景与责任。因此，国际博协（ICOM）邀请协会成员与其他相关成员共同参与博物馆新定义的提案，以制定一个全新的、更符合当下的博物馆定义。参与者可以在2019年5月20日之前在国际博协官网的表格上提交新定义的提案，由各个国家和地区提交的提案也在官网上陆续发布。最终的新定义将于2019年9月在第25届京都国际博协大会上讨论与决定。

目前官网上递交的关于新定义的提案突破250条，许多新颖的观点也频频涌现。在此之前，弘博网已整理翻译了四期，点击下方链接即可查看：

土耳其

博物馆是以研究、展示以及讲授相关文化资源来保存记忆的机构。博物馆以性别友善为出发点，通过多元化的话题讨论将公众聚集在一起。它创造了一个实现民主、自由与和平的虚拟或现实的空间；它为公众，特别是非政府组织和基层组织，从国家和全球的层面提供了一个平台；它致力于解决跨文化问题以接纳多文化、多民族的观众；它不预设答案以引发观众好奇心；它充当各个意义上的互动空间；通过以上这一切为思想盛会创造机会。

A museum is an institution to keep memory alive by researching, exhibiting, and teaching relevant cultural assets. It treats subjects in a gender-sensitive way, no matter which main focus it has, brings people together; creates a fulfilling democratic, free and peaceful – virtual or physical – space; provides a platform for members of the public – in particular NGOs and grass roots organizations – both on the national and global levels; addresses cross-cultural issues to reach wide multi-cultural, multi-ethnic audiences; makes curious without offering solutions; acts as a space for interaction in every sense of the word; by all this creating opportunities for a “festival of the mind”.

希腊

（博物馆是）历史记忆、民族记忆和艺术记忆的守护者、受托人和传播者。

Guardian, trust holder and communicant of historical, ethnical and artistic memory.

中国香港

博物馆是一个收藏、保存、研究和展示不同种类的人文和科学领域遗产的机构，它可以由政府、私人、非营利组织经营，以实体或线上的形式存在。博物馆要本着诚信和透明的原则，取得和使用物质、金钱、社会、学术资源，秉持尊重传统、立足当下、迎向未来的原则，以推动环境、社会、经济方面的可持续发展为己任。博物馆也是一个寓教于乐的非正式教育场所，它会提供准确无误的知识，关怀社区、人类共同面对的挑战，并且将内容结合各种媒介，用老少咸宜的方式重新包装，从而培养观众的想象力、批判思考能力、审美眼光、好奇心、同理心等等。

Museum is an institution that collect, preserve, research, and display different kinds of humanities and science heritage, it can be run by government, private or non-profit, exists physically and/ or virtually. A museum has to obtain and use its material, financial, social, and intellectual resources under the principles of accountability and transparency; to promote the sustainable development of the environment, society and economy by respecting the past, standing in the present, and facing the future. Museum is also a platform for informal education and socializing, it communicate knowledge accurately, care for communities, inspire people to think about the challenges facing the world. It presents content for people of all ages with integration of various medium, in a way that nurture audience’s imagination, critical thinking, aesthetic vision, curiosity and apathy. 

日本

（博物馆是）一个让物品与渴望倾听故事者交谈的空间。

A space where object are made to speak to human kind who long for story to be told.

纳米比亚

博物馆不是孤立的岛屿，而是一个保存、保护社区物质和非物质文化遗产的关系性网络。这些藏品在时空上的交集为社区内部和社区之间进行知识交流和对话提供了机会。博物馆很重要。

Museums are not isolated islands, but a network of places where the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of communities has been deposited and preserved. The collections are entangled across time and space in ways that create opportunities for knowledge exchange and dialogue within and between the communities that museums serve. Museums matter.

伊朗

博物馆作为一个非营利的实体，可以被视为一个认识、保护和促进人类思想的地方。这一思想与自然互动的无形和有形的结果构成了博物馆的核心部分。

Museum as a non-profitable entity could be considered a place for recognition, conservation and promotion of human thought. The intangible and tangible consequences of this thought interacting with nature forme the principal part of Museum.

卡塔尔

博物馆是一个服务于不同社区，为现在展示过去、为未来保存今天的空间。

A museum is a space that services diverse communities bringing history to the present and preserving the present for the future.

巴西

博物馆是一个为社会、教育、研究和知识传播服务的非营利性机构，旨在构建公民身份，保障记忆权，履行社会职能，保护社区及国家的博物馆学遗产，传播民主价值观，成为社会文化多样性、社会可持续性发展的保证者和建设者。

Museum is a non-profit institution, at the service of society, education, research, and dissemination of knowledge, for the construction of citizenship, guaranteeing the right to memory, fulfilling the social function, preserving museological heritage, communities and of the nations, disseminating democratic values, being a guarantor and structurer of socio-cultural diversity and social sustainability and its development.

葡萄牙

博物馆是一个交谈的场所，通过具有建设性的对话将过去、现在和未来都相连，去促进人们对内心不安以及人性的不断探索。

The Museum is a meeting place, where past, present and future should be linked in a constructive dialogue that promotes restlessness and the incessant search for the sense of Humanity.

智利

（博物馆是）一个充满好奇、创造、寻找、惊喜、学习和发现快乐的地方，（是观众获得）快乐和自我实现的另一种方式。

A place to ask, create, look, surprise, learn and be happy. An alternative way to happiness and self realization.

多哥

博物馆是一个社会文化机构，一个交流和发现的地方。它是一个用来保存和传播遗产并呈现一个民族文化认同的空间。

A museum is a socio-cultural institution, a place of exchange and discovery. It is a space used to save and transmit heritage and to reveal the cultural identity of a population.

英国

目前，各种形式的博物馆（如保留地、文化中心、精神病院）均得到承认，旨在促进和维护世界各国人民的权利与义务，包括文化、社会和环境以及信托持有的物质和非物质文化遗产。

A museum – now recognised in all its diverse forms (a keeping place, a cultural centre, a spirit house) – is centrally dedicated to promoting and safeguarding the human rights and responsibilities of all the peoples of the world, their cultures, societies and environments as well as the tangible and intangible heritage held in trust.

肯尼亚

博物馆是一个为社会（包括其社区）及其发展服务的永久性机构。它具有包容性、透明性和公众性，并通过向公众开放以实现公众的自我发现与自我表达。它利用研究、展示、教育和娱乐来诠释和传达人类物质与非物质文化遗产。

A Museum is a permanent institution in the service of society (inclusive of its communities) and their development. It is inclusive, transparent and just and open to the public for purposes of discovery including self-discovery and expression.   It uses research, exhibitions, education and entertainment to interpret and communicate the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity.

中国

博物馆是以博物馆为依托，以博物馆专业性业务为结构节点，以知识建设及共享为主轴的博物馆制度。

The museum is an institution which is organized in an institutional form and supported by museum collections, and the museum’s professional business as the structural node, and with the knowledge construction and sharing as the main axis.

德国

博物馆是一个场所（实体或虚拟的），提供安全和包容的空间来庇护人类的创造或兴趣之所在，让它们彼此在博物馆相遇、对立，从而为人们提供经验，传达知识，连接历史，引发对话，在对传统的反思中，创造新的意义，开启新的旅程，塑造未来愿景，满足人们对知识和智慧的渴望，转移对现状的注意力，吸引好奇和开放的头脑，反映当下，讲述故事，聚集人们，抚慰和安慰那些需要的人，去展示文化之间的冲突，激发情感反应，充当文化记忆和遗产的管理者。

A museum is a place (either physical or virtual) that provides safe and inclusive spaces to harbor human creations or objects of interest, to enforce confrontations, to enable encounters, to provide experiences, to convey knowledge, to connect to history, to provoke discourse, to shape a vision of the future, to reflect on tradition, to create meaning, to start journeys, to satisfy hunger for knowledge and wisdom, to distract from the status quo, to attract curiosity and open minds, to mirror current affairs, to tell stories, to gather people, to sooth and comfort those in need, to clash cultures, to agitate emotional responses and acts as a steward for cultural memories and heritage.

澳大利亚

博物馆是一个充满活力的机构，与不同的社区积极合作，为之服务，以收集、保存、研究、阐释、展示和增进对有形和无形世界的理解。博物馆涉及社会、文化和自然世界过去、现在和未来的各个方面。它们是安全的公共和协作空间，包括物理、虚拟和概念空间，用于探索想法、分享故事、教育、挑战假设，并寻求全球问题的道德、可持续的解决方案。

Museums are dynamic institutions, working in active partnership with, and for, diverse communities to collect, preserve, research, interpret, exhibit and enhance understandings of the tangible and intangible world. Museums address all aspects of the social, cultural and natural world in the past, present and future. They are safe communal and collaborative spaces – physical, virtual and conceptual – in which to explore ideas, share stories, educate, challenge assumptions and seek ethical, sustainable solutions to global problems.

西班牙

博物馆是实现文化民主化与文化可及性的基本工具。

The museum is a fundamental tool to democratize the culture and make it accessible to all people.

法国

博物馆是一个为公众服务、充满温暖的机构，其使命是以民主和参与的方式传播博物馆遗产和博物馆所在社会的记忆。

Museums are warm institutions, serving the population with the mission of disseminating in a democratic and participatory way the museological heritage and the memory of the societies in which they are inserted.

英国

博物馆是一场社会与自己和他人所共同展开的对话，以文物、物品或思想为依托，交流和探索他们对世界的理解和认识。

A museum is a conversation societies have with themselves, and others, using artefacts, objects or ideas, to communicate and explore their understanding and perceptions of the world.

加拿大

博物馆通过激发对话、鼓励创新、支持包容和可持续发展、赞扬创造以及在协作环境中展开惬意的体验，将过去和现在联系起来，并促进未来的发展。

Museums connect the past to the present & speculates the future by inspiring dialogue, encouraging innovation, embracing inclusivity & sustainability, celebrating creativity & developing restorative experiences in a collaborative environment. 

新的提案较多关注博物馆去实体化、与社区之间的关系、在自然危机与社会问题中所扮演的角色，对原有定义有所拓展。弘博网选择了一些最近更新的提案进行翻译，希望对大家有所启发。小编水平有限，疏漏之处还请大家指正。关注提案，请点击文章末尾的“阅读原文”前往ICOM官网进行浏览。

来源：国际博物馆协会官网

翻译：阿和#大侦探

编辑：阿和

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