中英文字幕：爪形趾（Claw Toe）

　　爪形趾也称为仰趾畸形，它是指跖趾关节过伸，近侧趾间关节过屈的一种畸形，从侧面看像是一个倒"V"型，通常情况下，第二趾比其它足趾发生机率高，其发病女性多于男性，可能与穿鞋习惯及拇外翻等有关。

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Claw Toe

爪形趾

Overview（概述）

This disorder is a deformity that typically affects one or more of the small toes. In many cases, all four small toes are affected. The toes bend up at the first joint and then curl down toward the floor, giving the appearance of a claw or talon.

　　爪形趾这一畸形通常累及一个或多个小足趾。有时，所有4个小趾均可受累。足趾在近侧趾间关节处弯曲并向地面卷曲，在外观上象一个爪子。

Causes（原因）

Claw toe is caused by an imbalance in the muscles of the toes, which can be caused by ill-fitting shoes, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, cerebral palsy, diabetes or other conditions.

　　爪形趾是因足趾肌肉力量不平衡所致，可由不合脚的鞋子、类风湿性关节炎、中风、脑瘫、糖尿病或其他疾病引起。

Toes Become Curled（爪趾变成卷曲的）

The muscles that are used to bend the toes overpower the muscles that keep the toes straight. The muscles that bend the toes gradually tighten, and the tendons and ligaments of the toes gradually shorten. This causes the toes to become fixed in a curled position.

　　用于屈曲足趾的肌肉力量大于用于保持足趾伸直的肌肉力量。屈曲足趾的肌肉逐渐紧张，足趾的肌腱和韧带逐渐变短，这样就导致足趾固定于卷曲的位置。

Symptoms（症状）

Claw toes are identified by their curled appearance. Painful calluses may form where the curled toes rub against the shoes.

　　爪形趾通过它们卷曲的外观即可确定。当卷曲的足趾与鞋子摩擦，可形成痛性老茧。

Treatment（治疗）

Treatment options can include a modification of footwear, splinting or taping the toes, pads and stretching exercises. In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the deformity. Common surgeries to correct claw toes include tendon release, joint release, or metatarsal shortening.

　　治疗措施包括鞋类的调整，足趾用夹板或鞋掌固定，使用衫垫，以及进行足趾伸展练习。在严重的病例，可能需要外科手术来矫正畸形。矫正爪形趾常用的手术包括肌腱松解，关节松解或跖骨短缩。

（胡佰文　译）

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