「Part 3」2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版
（二）坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。
Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.
注：
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
新动能
new growth drivers
紧紧依靠改革破解经济发展和结构失衡难题，
We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances,
大力发展新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，
made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries,
注：
大力
made a big push to
新兴产业
emerging industries
改造提升
overhaul and strengthen
overhaul：to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should 彻底检修，大修；改造；改进
I got the engine overhauled.
我彻底检修了发动机。
提高供给体系质量和效率。
and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.
扎实推进“三去一降一补”。
Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.
注：
“三去一降一补”的政策，即去产能(cutting overcapacity)、去库存(reducing excess inventory)、去杠杆(deleveraging)、降成本(lowering costs)、补短板( strengthening areas of weakness)五大任务(the five priority tasks)。
五年来，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后产能基础上，以钢铁、煤炭等行业为重点加大去产能力度，
Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal;
注：
落后产能
backward production capacity
平板玻璃
plate glass
加大...力度
intensify efforts to ...
中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金予以支持，用于分流职工安置。
and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees.
注：
用于分流职工安置-->援助受影响的职工
to assist affected employees
退出钢铁产能1.7亿吨以上、煤炭产能8亿吨，安置分流职工110多万人。
We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.
注：
落后/钢铁/煤炭产能
backward/steel/coal production capacity
对比2017年报告相关表述，“分流职工”译为laid-off employees，“安置”则处理为provide assistance
分流职工得到较好安置
Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees
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因城施策分类指导，三四线城市商品住宅去库存取得明显成效，
Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third- and fourth-tier cities,
注：
因城施策
city-specific policies
分类指导
category-specific guidance
商品住宅去库存
reduce commercial residential housing inventory
三四线城市
third- and fourth-tier cities
热点城市房价涨势得到控制。
and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.
注：
热点城市
the most popular cities
房价
housing prices
积极稳妥去杠杆，控制债务规模，增加股权融资，
We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance.
注：
积极稳妥
take active and prudent steps to ...
增加股权融资
expand equity finance
对比2017年报告“积极稳妥去杠杆”译为：Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way.
工业企业资产负债率连续下降，
The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining.
注：
工业企业资产负债率
the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises
宏观杠杆率涨幅明显收窄、总体趋于稳定。
Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.
注：
宏观杠杆率
macro leverage ratio
涨幅(明显)收窄
increase by (much) smaller margins
多措并举降成本，
We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs:
注：
多措并举
use a combination of measures to
降成本
bring down costs
Take multiple measures to cut costs
对比2017年报告同一表述译为：Take multiple measures to cut costs.
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压减政府性基金项目30%，
30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut;
削减中央政府层面设立的涉企收费项目60%以上，
over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished;
注：
涉企收费项目
the fees and charges levied on businesses
压减/削减
be cut/abolished
阶段性降低“五险一金”缴费比例，
the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers' compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being,
注:
阶段性
for the time being
五险一金，包括养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险，还有住房公积金。
This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.
推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。
and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.
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突出重点加大补短板力度。
We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.
注:
补短板
strengthen areas of weakness
突出重点
with a focus on key issues
2017年报告中两种表达：highlight priorities/focus on key tasks
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
公众号内回复年份2015或2016或2017或2018
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