2020年全球性别差距报告：实现性别平等还要99.5年

近日，世界经济论坛（World Economic Forum, WEF）发布《2020年全球性别差距报告》（Global Gender Gap Report 2020）。报告显示，虽然在政治影响力、卫生和教育等领域男女性别差距正逐渐缩小，但男女收入差距仍在扩大。

去年的此刻，该报告预计彻底消除男女性别差距所需时间为108年，今年，这一数字略有降低，但预计仍需99.5年，难在有生之年实现平等......(This year the report finds that the gender gap has closed slightly since last year, yet it will still require 99.5 years to achieve full parity at the current pace.)

▲The Myth of the Gender Wage Gap

从全球整体男女平等情况来看，冰岛、挪威、芬兰、瑞典排名前四，英国排名第21，比去年下降了6名。美国排名第53名，中国排名106，日本121名。

The gender gap is on course to close... in 99 years

BBC

The gap between men and women, measured in terms of political influence, economic gain and health and education, has narrowed over the last year, but will take another century to disappear, the World Economic Forum (WEF) said. In the WEF's latest report the UK has slipped from 15th to 21st place.

narrow

表示“（使）变窄，（使）缩窄”，英文解释为“to become less wide or to make something less wide”举个🌰：

We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor.

我们必须努力缩小贫富差距。

The Swiss-based organisation tracks global progress in gender equality. It said that while more women were entering government in many places, the economic gap has widened.

The WEF predicted it would take 99.5 years for women to be on an equal footing with men, despite women taking high-profile leadership roles at the European Central Bank and the World Bank, and at the head of several countries including Finland, Germany and New Zealand.

be on an equal/firm footing

表示“在平等/稳固的情形下”，英文解释为“to be in an equal, safe, etc. situation”举个🌰：

Men and women should be able to compete for jobs on an equal footing.

男性和女性应该在平等的基础上竞争工作岗位。

Progress in the political sphere remained slow, the WEF said, with women still holding only 21% of ministerial positions worldwide. But it hoped the "role model effect" would encourage faster change.

sphere

表示“（活动、兴趣的）领域”，英文解释为“A sphere of activity or interest is a particular area of activity or interest.”如：the sphere of international politics 国际政治领域，different social spheres 不同的社会圈子。

ministerial

表示“部长的；大臣的”，英文解释为“connected with a government minister or ministers”，如：decisions taken at ministerial level 部长级的决定，to hold ministerial office (= to have the job of a government minister) 担任部长职务。

role model

表示“楷模，行为榜样”，英文解释为“A role model is someone you admire and try to imitate.”

The organisation said the economic gender gap had grown compared to last year, partly because women are under-represented in almost all of the fastest-growing job sectors, such as cloud computing and AI. Women are more likely to be displaced by automation, it added.

under-represented

表示“代表人数不够的；代表名额不足的”，英文解释为“not having as many representatives as would be expected or needed”举个🌰：

Women are under-represented at senior levels in business.

商界高层的女性代表不足。

UK slips

Britain's new ranking leaves it behind a few developing countries and most rich ones, although it is ahead of the United States.

The WEF said the fall in 2019 in the UK's position partly reflected a decline in the number of women in ministerial positions.

But the UK also has a persistent economic gender gap, putting the country at 58th in the rankings, due to big differences between men and women's earned income. In the UK men dominate sectors such as AI, engineering and computing and many more women than men work part-time.

There are several specific areas where Britain is in joint first place, including literacy, enrolment in tertiary education and the proportion of professional and technical workers who are women, WEF found.

Iceland came in top place in the world ranking in 2019 as it did last year. Bottom of the list were Pakistan, Iraq and Yemen.

joint

作形容词，表示“联合的；共同的”，英文解释为“involving two or more people together”举个🌰：

They finished in joint first place.

他们获得并列第一。

The report was a joint effort (= we worked on it together).

这个报告是大家共同努力的结果。

literacy

表示“读写能力”，英文解释为“Literacy is the ability to read and write.”举个🌰：

Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy.

很多成年人有读写和计算的困难。

反义词：illiteracy表示“文盲”（Illiteracy is the state of not knowing how to read or write.）

tertiary education

1）tertiary /ˈtɜːʃərɪ/表示“第三的；第三位的；第三级的”，英文解释为“Tertiary means third in order, third in importance, or at a third stage of development.”如：

第三产业，tertiary industry：an industry that provides services rather than producing goods, or these industries considered as a group；

第二产业，secondary industry：an industry that manufactures goods rather than producing raw materials, or these industries considered as a group；

第一产业，primary industry：an industry that produces energy or basic materials, such as coal, oil, metals, crops, etc., or these industries considered as a group.

2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版中就有这么一句：

发展“互联网+农业”，多渠道增加农民收入，促进农村一二三产业融合发展。We will develop the Internet Plus Agriculture model, use multiple channels to increase rural incomes, and encourage the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to develop in an integrated way in rural areas.

2）tertiary还有另一个含义（mainly UK），就是此处表示的“高等教育的，大学教育的”（relating to education in colleges and universities），如：tertiary education 高等教育；

同样的，secondary可以指“中学的”（relating to the education of children approximately between the ages of 11 and 18 years old），如：secondary education 中等教育。

而primary可以指“初等教育的，小学的”（of or for the teaching of young children, especially those between five and eleven years old），如：primary education 初等教育，a primary school 小学。

看到这里你可能会有点疑问，tertiary education和higher education有什么区别？

Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or postsecondary education, is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom, or continuing education in the United States.

Last year the WEF's report suggested it would take 108 years to close the inequality gap. Klaus Schwab, founder of WEF, said the report highlighted the growing urgency for action.

"At the present rate of change, it will take nearly a century to achieve parity, a timeline we simply cannot accept in today's globalised world, especially among younger generations who hold increasingly progressive views of gender equality," he said.

parity

parity表示“（尤指薪金、权利或权力的）相同，相等，同等”，英文解释为“the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power”举个🌰：

Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues.

女职工在要求与男同事享有同等的待遇。

还可以指两个不同国家的货币单位的“平价，等价”(equality between the units of money from two diffe-rent countries）；

equality的英文解释为：a situation in which people have the same rights, advantages etc.

今年「妇女节」联合国秘书长发表讲话时，就提到：

We now have gender parity among those who lead our teams around the world, and the highest-ever numbers of women in senior management. 目前在世界各地，我们已在许多团队的领导层中实现性别均等，高级管理层中的妇女人数比以往任何时候都多。

同样，在去年政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版中，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；就处理为：Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth.

parity反义词：disparity表示“（尤指不公正的）不同，差异”，英文解释为“a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one”，如：a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women 男性与女性在工资水平上的差异。

▲Addressing the Gender Gap in Construction

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