「Part 5」2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版
（三）坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，
Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity,
注：
创新引领发展
innovation-driven development
激发社会创造力
unlock public creativity
整体创新能力和效率显著提高。
we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.
注：
整体创新能力和效率
general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers
实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，
We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation,
注：
创新驱动发展战略
the innovation-driven development strategy
形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创新局面。
giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.
注：
多主体协同、全方位推进
involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances
扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，
Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;
注：
扩大...自主权-->更大发言权
have greater say over
改进科研项目和经费管理，
research projects and funding are better managed,
深化科技成果权益管理改革。
and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.
注：
科技成果权益管理
managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances
支持北京、上海建设科技创新中心，
We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation,
注：
科技创新中心
centers for scientific and technological innovation
新设14个国家自主创新示范区，带动形成一批区域创新高地。
and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.
注：
国家自主创新示范区
national innovation demonstration zones
区域创新高地
regional innovation hubs
以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设，
With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation.
注：
主体
main actors
上文“多主体”译为：multiple actors
下文“市场主体”译为：market entities
技术创新体系
a system for technological innovation
涌现一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和新型研发机构。
China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.
注：
具有国际竞争力的-->世界级的/世界上一流的
world-class
创新型企业
innovative enterprises
新型研发机构
new-type R&D institutions
深入开展大众创业、万众创新，
We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative,
注：
大众创业、万众创新
the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative
实施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化体系。
adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.
注：
普惠性支持政策
support policies designed to benefit (all entrepreneurs and innovators/...)
孵化体系
the incubation system
各类市场主体达到9800多万户，五年增加70%以上。
China's market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years.
注：
市场主体
market entities
国内有效发明专利拥有量增加两倍，技术交易额翻了一番。
The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled.
注：
国内有效发明专利
in-force Chinese invention patents
· 增加两倍-->成三倍
triple：to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this （使）成三倍，（使）增加两倍
We have tripled our output over the past two years.
过去两年里我们的产量增加了两倍。
· 翻一番-->增加一倍
double：to become twice as much or as many, or to make something twice as much or many 翻一番，加一倍
The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 25 years.
政府计划在25年内使高校在校生人数翻一番。
我国科技创新由跟跑为主转向更多领域并跑、领跑，
In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas.
注：
跟跑
following others
并跑
keeping pace
领跑
leading the pack
成为全球瞩目的创新创业热土。
Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.
注：
全球瞩目的创新创业热土
a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures
（四）坚持全面深化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。
Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.
注：
破除体制机制弊端
remove institutional barriers
发展动力
the driving forces powering development
国企国资改革扎实推进，
Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state assets;
注：
国企
state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
国资
state assets
公司制改革基本完成，
the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed;
注：
公司制改革
the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies
兼并重组、压减层级、提质增效取得积极进展。
and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progress.
注：
兼并重组
merge and restructure
压减层级
reduce the organizational levels in
提质增效
improve the quality and efficiency (of SOEs)
国有企业效益明显好转，去年利润增长23.5%。
The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent.
深化能源、铁路、盐业等领域改革。
We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.
注：
盐业
the salt industry
放宽非公有制经济市场准入。
Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded.
@LearnAndRecord
建立不动产统一登记制度。
An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place,
注：
不动产统一登记制度
an integrated registration system for immovable property
完善产权保护制度。
and the property rights protection system has been improved.
注：
产权保护制度
the property rights protection system
财税改革取得重大进展，
Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress.
注：
财税改革
Fiscal and tax reforms
全面推行财政预决算公开，
We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public,
注：
财政预决算
government budgets and final accounts
构建以共享税为主的中央和地方收入分配格局，
developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government,
启动中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，
launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government,
注：
财政事权
financial powers
支出责任
expenditure responsibilities
中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革
the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government
@LearnAndRecord
中央对地方一般性转移支付规模大幅增加、专项转移支付项目减少三分之二。
and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.
注：
一般性转移支付是指中央政府对有财力缺口的地方政府（主要是中西部地区），按照规范的办法给予的补助。
(中央对地方)一般性转移支付
general transfer payments (from central to local government)
专项转移支付
special purpose transfer payments
基本放开利率管制，建立存款保险制度，
We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system,
注：
利率管制
controls on interest rates
存款保险制度
a deposit insurance system
推动大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，
encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions,
注：
大中型商业银行
large and medium commercial banks
普惠金融事业部
inclusive finance divisions
深化政策性、开发性金融机构改革，
deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions,
注：
政策性、开发性...
policy-backed and development ...
强化金融监管协调机制。
and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.
注：
金融监管协调机制
the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation
完善城乡义务教育均衡发展促进机制，
We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education,
注：
义务教育
compulsory education
城乡义务教育均衡发展促进机制
the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education
改革考试招生制度。
and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.
注：
考试招生制度
the examination and enrollment systems
建立统一的城乡居民基本养老、医疗保险制度，
We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents,
注：
统一的[城乡居民]基本养老、医疗保险制度
unified basic pension and health insurance schemes [for rural and non-working urban residents]
实现机关事业单位和企业养老保险制度并轨。
and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes.
注：
机关事业单位
government office and public institution
养老保险制度
pension schemes
实现 A 和 B 并轨
bring A into line with B
@LearnAndRecord
出台划转部分国有资本充实社保基金方案。
We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds.
注：
国有资本
state capital
社保基金
social security funds
划转部分国有资本充实社保基金方案
a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds
appropriate (v.)：to keep an amount of money to use for a particular purpose 拨出（款项）
The government have appropriated millions of pounds for the project.
政府已经为该项目拨款数百万英镑。
replenish：to fill something up again 补充；把…再备足；重新装满
Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from abroad.
粮食储备通过从国外进口得到了补充。
实施医疗、医保、医药联动改革，
We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms.
注：
医疗
medical service
医保
medical insurance
医药
pharmaceutical
A、B、C联动改革
coordinated A, B, and C reforms
全面推开公立医院综合改革，取消长期实行的药品加成政策，
We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine,
注：
公立医院
public hospitals
长期实行的
long in effect
药品加成政策
the policy of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine
rescind：to make a law, agreement, order, or decision no longer have any (legal) power 废除；取消；撤销
The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded.
事实证明，航空公司向素食乘客收取素餐费的做法不得人心，因而已被取消。
药品医疗器械审批制度改革取得突破。
and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.
注：
药品医疗器械审批制度
approval systems for medicine and medical devices
推进农村承包地“三权”分置改革、确权面积超过80%，
We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform.
注：
“三权分置”是指形成所有权(ownership rights)、承包权(contract rights)、经营权(use rights)三权分置。
农村承包地“三权”分置改革
reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights
农村承包地
contracted rural land
改革重要农产品收储制度。
We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.
注：
重要农产品收储制度
the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products
完善主体功能区制度，
We have improved the functional zoning system,
注：
主体功能区制度
the functional zoning system
建立生态文明绩效考评和责任追究制度，
established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation,
注：
生态文明[绩效考评和责任追究制度]
[performance evaluation and accountability systems] for ecological conservation
推行河长制、湖长制，
and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems.
注：
河长制
the river chief system
湖长制
the lake chief system
开展省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度改革试点。
We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.
注：
省级以下环保机构
government environmental offices below the provincial level
垂直管理就是由上级或中央直接管理，[省级以下环保机构]直接由[省级环保机构]管理。
省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度
a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices
各领域改革的深化，推动了经济社会持续健康发展。
The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.
注：
各领域
in each and every field
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
公众号内回复年份2015或2016或2017或2018
查看相应学习笔记
本系列笔记首发自微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
转载请务必私信联系授权，侵权必究！
▼
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2018年3月10日
第1127天
每天持续行动学外语