「Part 4」2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版
We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.
加快新旧发展动能接续转换。
注：
新(发展)动能
new growth drivers
旧(发展)动能
old growth drivers
深入开展“互联网+”行动，实行包容审慎监管，推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用，
We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things;
注：
“互联网+”行动
the Internet Plus Initiative
实行包容审慎监管
exercise accommodative and prudential regulation
回顾「Part2」中：稳健的货币政策 a prudent monetary policy
大数据
big data
云计算
cloud computing
物联网
the Internet of Things
新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业深刻重塑。
emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.
注：
蓬勃发展
achieve vigorous growth
深刻重塑
undergo a thorough remodeling
实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程，先进制造业加快发展。
Implementation of the Made in China 2025 initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.
注：
“中国制造2025”
the Made in China 2025 initiative
工业强基
the building of robust industrial foundations
智能/绿色制造
smart/green manufacturing
先进制造(业)
advanced manufacturing
出台现代服务业改革发展举措，
We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services;
服务新业态新模式异军突起，促进了各行业融合升级。
and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.
注：
新业态
new forms of business
新模式
new (service) models
异军突起
lead to a marked rise in
深化农业供给侧结构性改革，新型经营主体大批涌现，
Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness.
种植业适度规模经营比重从30%提升到40%以上。
The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.
注：
种植业适度规模经营
appropriately scaled-up farming
对比2016年报告相关表述：
推动农业适度规模经营
encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations
对比2017年报告相关表述：
Developing appropriately scaled, diversified farming operations
发展多种形式适度规模经营
适度规模经营农户
farmers engaging in appropriately scaled farming operations
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采取措施增加中低收入者收入，
We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low- and middle-income brackets,
推动传统消费提档升级、新兴消费快速兴起，
and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.
注：
新兴消费
new forms of consumption
兴起
see a boom in
网上零售额年均增长30%以上，社会消费品零售总额年均增长11.3%。
Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.
注：
网上零售额
online retail sales
社会消费品零售总额
total retail sales of consumer goods
年均增长
grow at an average annual rate of .../enjoy an average annual increase of ...
优化投资结构，鼓励民间投资，发挥政府投资撬动作用，
We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role,
注：
民间投资
private investment
发挥撬动作用
play a catalytic role
catalytic [.kætə'lɪtɪk] 催化(的)
1. involving or causing an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the action or use of a catalyst
2. causing a chemical reaction to happen more quickly
3. causing something to happen or change
引导更多资金投向强基础、增后劲、惠民生领域。
and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people's lives.
注：
强基础
strengthen the (economic) foundation
增后劲
enhance sustainability
惠民生
improve people's lives
高速铁路运营里程从9000多公里增加到2万5千公里、占世界三分之二，
China's in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world's total.
注：
高速铁路运营里程
China's in-operation high-speed railways
高速公路里程从9.6万公里增加到13.6万公里，
Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers.
新建改建农村公路127万公里，新建民航机场46个，开工重大水利工程122项，
We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects.
注：
民航机场
civilian airports
重大水利工程
major water conservancy projects
完成新一轮农村电网改造，建成全球最大的移动宽带网。
We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.
注：
农村电网改造
rural power grid upgrading
移动宽带网
mobile broadband network
五年来，发展新动能迅速壮大，
Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength.
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经济增长实现由主要依靠投资、出口拉动转向依靠消费、投资、出口协同拉动，
Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports.
注：
靠...拉动/带动
be driven by/be fueled by/be powered by
由主要依靠第二产业带动转向依靠三次产业共同带动。
In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.
注：
第二产业
secondary industry
三次产业
the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries
这是我们多年想实现而没有实现的重大结构性变革。
This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on but we were always unable to achieve.
推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。
Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.
注：
要素市场化配置
market based allocation of the factors of production
制度性交易成本
government-imposed transaction costs
针对长期存在的重审批、轻监管、弱服务问题，
To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services,
注：
重审批
excessive emphasis on approval procedures
轻监管
insufficient attention to regulatory processes
弱服务
a failure to provide strong services
我们持续深化“放管服”改革，
we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.
注：
“放管服”，就是简政(streamline administration)放权(delegate powers)、放管结合(improve regulation)、优化服务(strengthen services)的简称。
加快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务。
We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.
注：
转变政府职能
transform government functions
微观管理
micromanagement
直接干预
direct intervention
五年来，国务院部门行政审批事项削减44%，
Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent,
注：
国务院部门行政审批事项
items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments
非行政许可审批彻底终结，
the practice ofnon-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop,
注：
非行政许可审批
the practice of non-administrative approval
彻底终结
be completely put to a stop
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中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目减少90%，
the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent,
注：
中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目
business investment items subject to central government approval
行政审批中介服务事项压减74%，
intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent,
注：
行政审批中介服务事项
intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval
职业资格许可和认定大幅减少。
and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced.
注：
职业资格许可和认定
(the requirements for) professional qualification approval and accreditation
对比2017年报告相关表述：
职业资格许可认定事项
items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications
对比2016年报告相关表述：
取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项
cancel the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications
accreditation：means official approval, esp. in order to maintain satisfactory standards 官方认证；鉴定；认可
中央政府定价项目缩减80%，地方政府定价项目缩减50%以上。
The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent.
注：
中央政府定价项目
items for which central government sets the prices
地方政府定价项目
local government-priced items
对比2016年报告相关表述：
价格改革力度加大，中央政府定价项目减少80%，地方政府定价项目减少一半以上。
Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%.
全面改革工商登记、注册资本等商事制度，企业开办时间缩短三分之一以上。
Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.
注：
商事制度
the business system
工商登记、注册资本
business and capital registration
开办企业
start a business
创新和加强事中事后监管，实行“双随机、一公开”，随机抽取检查人员和检查对象、及时公开查处结果，
We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results.
注:
今年“事中事后监管”直接处理成：compliance oversight...
对比2016年报告相关表述：
加强事中事后监管
both operational and post-operational oversight (over businesses) were strengthened
对比2017年报告相关表述：
增强事中事后监管的有效性
made operational and post-operational oversight more effective
“双随机、一公开”
oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results
“双随机、一公开”，即在监管过程中随机抽取检查对象(randomly selected entities)，随机选派执法检查人员(randomly selected inspectors)，抽查情况及查处结果及时向社会公开(the prompt release of results)。
对比2017年报告相关表述：
全面推行“双随机、一公开”
We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board*,
* The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.
提高了监管效能和公正性。
These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.
注：
提高了...效能和公正性
make ... more effective and impartial
推行“互联网+政务服务”，实施一站式服务等举措。
We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.
注：
“互联网+政务服务”
the Internet Plus Government Services model
一站式服务
the one-stop service model
营商环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，群众办事更加便利。
Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.
注：
办事
access government services
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
公众号内回复年份2015或2016或2017或2018
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