定了！新冠病毒引发的疾病正式命名叫这个
世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞博士昨日宣布，将由新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）引发的疾病正式命名为：2019冠状病毒病，英文缩写COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019)。其中，co表示corona，vi表示virus，d表示disease，19则代表病例首次发生年份。而该病毒则命名为：SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus disease gets an official name: COVID-19
CNET
The virus itself has also been named. It will be known as SARS-CoV-2.
The novel coronavirus, first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China, and reported to the World Health Organization on Dec. 31, has rapidly spread across mainland China. In the past six weeks it's infected over 40,000 Chinese citizens and killed more than 1,000. During that time, the virus had a placeholder name -- 2019-nCoV -- while the respiratory illness it causes remained unnamed.
coronavirus
这个词应该永远记住了吧，每次相关介绍都得提一下。coronavirus表示“冠状病毒”，英文解释为“a type of airborne virus accounting for 10-30% of all colds”。
corona 日冕：a circle of light that can sometimes be seen around the moon at night, or around the sun during an eclipse (= a time when the moon is positioned exactly between the sun and the earth)
infect
1）表示“传染”，英文解释为“To infect people, animals, or plants means to cause them to have a disease or illness.”举个🌰：
A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
一只蚊子就能传染很多人。
2）表示“使感染有害菌”，英文解释为“To infect a substance or area means to cause it to contain harmful germs or bacteria.”举个🌰：
The birds infect the milk.
鸟使牛奶受污染。
3）表示“使受影响”，英文解释为“When people, places, or things are infected by a feeling or influence, it spreads to them.”举个🌰：
For an instant I was infected by her fear.
一瞬间，我被她的恐惧所感染。
2）表示“使（计算机）中毒”，英文解释为“If a virus infects a computer, it damages or destroys files or programs.”举个🌰：
This virus infected thousands of computers across the U.S. and Europe within days.
这种病毒几天之内就使美国和欧洲成千上万台电脑中毒。
对比：如果是“人感染了疾病”，则用contract. 比如在报告“云监工”：火神山医院今天完工！一文中就提到：The Chinese city of Wuhan is building a hospital in just a few days, to treat patients suspected of contracting the coronavirus.
contract
表示“染（重病）”，英文解释为“If you contract a serious illness, you become ill with it.”举个🌰：
He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion.
他因一次输血感染了艾滋病。
placeholder
表示“（替代缺失部分的）占位符，占位文字”，英文解释为“a symbol or piece of text which replaces sth that is missing”。
respiratory
表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“connected with breathing”，如：the respiratory system 呼吸系统，respiratory diseases 呼吸道疾病。
On Tuesday, WHO officially named the illness caused by the coronavirus "COVID-19," with "CO" representing "corona," "VI" for "virus" and "D" for disease. The "19" relates to the year when the first cases presented in China.
The Coronavirus Study Group, part of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, was responsible for naming the coronavirus itself. The virus will be known as SARS-CoV-2, according to a preprint paper uploaded to bioRxiv by the study group.
taxonomy
taxonomy /tækˈsɒnəmɪ/ 表示“分类学；生物分类学”，英文解释为“a system for naming and organizing things, especially plants and animals, into groups that share similar qualities”。
So:
· The novel coronavirus, previously dubbed 2019-nCoV, is now officially named SARS-CoV-2.
· The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is now officially named COVID-19.
dub
1）表示“把…称为”，英文解释为“If someone or something is dubbed a particular thing, they are given that description or name.”举个🌰：
Today's session has been widely dubbed as a "make or break" meeting.
今天的会议被大众称为“不成则散”的会议。
2）表示“为（影片或声道等）配音”，英文解释为“If a film or soundtrack in a foreign language is dubbed, a new soundtrack is added with actors giving a translation.”举个🌰：
It was dubbed into Spanish for Mexican audiences.
它已为墨西哥观众配成西班牙语了。
The new coronavirus has genetic similarities to the virus that caused the SARS epidemic in 2002-2003. The naming convention is very similar, but it's a little confusing. SARS -- severe acute respiratory syndrome -- was the disease, while SARS-CoV was the virus that caused the disease.
An official name will help prevent inaccuracy and stigmatizing while also providing a standard format for any future outbreaks, WHO said during a media briefing to provide updates on the outbreak.
stigmatize
表示“侮辱”，英文解释为“If someone or something is stigmatized, they are unfairly regarded by many people as being bad or having something to be ashamed of.”举个🌰：
Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatized.
单亲家庭的孩子不应该受到侮辱。
"Under agreed guidelines between WHO, the World Organisation for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organization, we had to find a name that did not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease," said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director general of the World Health Organization.
“根据世卫组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（World Organisation for Animal Health）和联合国粮农组织（the Food and Agriculture Organization）共同商定的指导方针，疾病的命名不得涉及地理位置、动物、个人或群体的名称，同时，名称还需便于发音且与该疾病相关。正式命名疾病将避免不准确、或带有歧视的称谓的使用。”——谭德塞博士（Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus）。
The organization said it's assisting other countries with how to prevent the disease and how to help those who are already sick.
Fears about the novel virus spreading across the globe have created havoc for international travel to and from mainland China, caused the closure of a handful of tech firms in China and dramatically reduced the attendee list for this year's Mobile World Congress. A number of big names -- Amazon, Sony, Nvidia, LG -- will skip the world's biggest mobile trade show, citing public health concerns.
havoc /ˈhævək/
1）不可数名词，表示“大混乱”，英文解释为“Havoc is great disorder and confusion.”举个🌰：
Murderers caused havoc in the centre of the town.
凶手在市中心造成了极大的混乱。
2）表示“打乱”，英文解释为“If one thing plays havoc with another or wreaks havoc on it, it prevents it from continuing or functioning as normal, or damages it.”举个🌰：
The weather played havoc with airline schedules.
天气状况打乱了航空公司的时刻表。
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