丹麦女王正式退位
当地时间14日下午，丹麦女王玛格丽特二世（Margrethe II）正式退位，王储腓特烈继位，成为腓特烈十世（Frederik X）国王。
新年前夜，83岁的玛格丽特女王突然宣布将退位，公众大为震惊。1月14日，是她登基52周年纪念日。
🤔️小作业：
1. How is the Danish royal tradition of accession to the throne characterized?
A) By a lavish coronation ceremony.
B) Through a public appearance on the palace balcony.
C) With a grand parade.
D) By hosting a state banquet.
A) Mixed feelings and uncertainty.
B) Overwhelming opposition.
C) High levels of optimism and confidence.
D) Indifference and lack of interest.
无注释原文：
Denmark's King Frederik X Takes Throne After Queen Margrethe II Abdicates
From: TIME
Denmark ushered in a new era on Sunday as King Frederik X ascended to the throne after his mother, Queen Margrethe II, formally signed her abdication, ending her 52-year reign as Denmark's longest-serving monarch.
The formal transfer of power occurred at a meeting of the Council of State at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, where thousands of people gathered to bid farewell to Margrethe after she became the first Danish monarch in nearly 900 years to voluntarily relinquish the throne. Margrethe, 83, surprised the public when she announced her abdication in a live address on New Year's Eve, citing a major back surgery she underwent in February last year.
“God save the King,” she said on Sunday, after signing the abdication declaration.
A cheerful crowd of supporters, many holding miniature Danish flags, filled the route as King Frederik, 55, traveled to the castle in a motorcade, accompanied by the resonating toll of bells from a nearby church. Royal guards conducted their routine daily parade in downtown Copenhagen, donning red jackets in lieu of their customary black attire.
Denmark, one of the oldest monarchies across the globe, does not have a coronation ceremony. Instead, the new king and queen made a public appearance on the balcony of the palace, a tradition dating back to the constitution of 1849, with Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen proclaiming the King's accession.
"My hope is to become a unifying king of tomorrow,” Frederik X said in his first speech as king, donning a ceremonial military uniform adorned with medals and golden epaulets. “It is a task I have approached all my life. It is a task I take on with pride, respect, and joy."
Under Denmark tradition, each new sovereign adopts a royal motto as a guiding principle for their reign. Frederik's motto is: "United, committed, for the kingdom of Denmark."
The abdication leaves Denmark with two queens, as Queen Margrethe retains her title, and Frederik X's wife of 19 years, Queen Mary, takes on the role of queen consort. King Frederik X's 18-year-old son, Christian, now assumes the position of Denmark's crown prince and heir to the throne.
Denmark's monarchy, with its origins tracing back to 10th-century Viking king Gorm the Old, stands as the oldest in Europe and one of the oldest globally. While the royal family's duties are largely ceremonial in the constitutional monarchy, King Frederik X and Queen Mary have been praised for their efforts to modernize the monarchy, even sending their children to state schools.
Recent surveys reflect widespread optimism, with 82% of Danes expressing confidence in King Frederik X's ability to perform well in his new role and an even higher percentage, 86%, expressing the same positive outlook for Queen Mary.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Denmark's King Frederik X Takes Throne After Queen Margrethe II Abdicates
From: TIME
Denmark ushered in a new era on Sunday as King Frederik X ascended to the throne after his mother, Queen Margrethe II, formally signed her abdication, ending her 52-year reign as Denmark's longest-serving monarch.
周日，丹麦迎来了一个新时代，腓特烈十世（Frederik X）国王继位，接替了他的母亲、玛格丽特二世（Margrethe I）女王。玛格丽特女王正式签署了退位声明，结束了她作为丹麦在位时间最长君主52年的统治。
usher
usher /ˈʌʃ.ər/ 表示“引导；引领；把…引往”，英文解释为“to show someone where they should go, or to make someone go where you want them to go”举个🌰：She ushered us into her office and offered us coffee. 她把我们领进她的办公室，给我们倒了咖啡。
usher sth in表示“开创（尤指重大的变化或新事物）；开始；开启”，英文解释为“to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new things happen, or to cause important changes to start happening”举个🌰：His inventions helped usher in the era of skyscrapers. 他的发明推动开启了一个摩天大楼的时代。
ascend
ascend /əˈsend/ 1）表示“上升；攀登；登上”，英文解释为“to move up or climb something”举个🌰：They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain. 他们沿着陡峭的山路缓缓向上攀登。
2）表示“登上高的职位;升级，晋级”，英文解释为“to rise to a position of higher rank”举个🌰：He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive. 他最终登上了总裁的宝座。
throne
throne /θroʊn/ 表示“王位；王权；帝位”，英文解释为“the position of being a king or queen”举个🌰：Queen Elizabeth came/succeeded to the throne in 1952. 伊丽莎白女王于1952年即位/登基。
📍"throne"在某些文化和语境中，是对马桶的幽默或委婉的称呼。
abdication
abdication /ˌæb.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“逊位，退位，让位，正式放弃（王位）”，英文解释为“an occasion when a king or queen makes a formal statement that he or she no longer wants to be king or queen”
reign
reign /reɪn/ 作名词，1）表示“为王，为君；当政；统治”，英文解释为“the period of time when a king or queen rules a country”如：the reign of Henry VIII 亨利八世的统治。
2）表示“主宰（或支配）的时期”，英文解释为“a period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence”如：his successful reign as manager of the team 他作为经理对这个小组的成功驾驭。
作动词，1）表示“统治；当政；为王；为君”，英文解释为“to rule as king, queen, emperor , etc.”举个🌰：Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901. 维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。
2）从第一个含义引申出来，可以解释为“主宰；盛行；成为最显著的 ”，英文解释为“to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment”举个🌰：Confusion reigned about how the debate would end. 这场辩论将如何结束的问题令人困惑。
📍写作里可以试试这个表达，xxx reigned. 表示某个东西“占据了主导地位”，既简洁又高级。当然，要注意主语单复数/可不可数。At last silence reigned (= there was complete silence). 最后，万籁俱寂。
🎬电影《黑衣人2》（Men in Black II）中的台词提到：We have lived by its word, and peace has reigned throughout our world. 我们一直谨守诫律 和平相处。
monarch
monarch /ˈmɒn.ək/ 表示“君王；国王，皇帝;女王，女皇”，英文解释为“a king or queen”如：a hereditary monarch 世袭的国王。
The formal transfer of power occurred at a meeting of the Council of State at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, where thousands of people gathered to bid farewell to Margrethe after she became the first Danish monarch in nearly 900 years to voluntarily relinquish the throne. Margrethe, 83, surprised the public when she announced her abdication in a live address on New Year's Eve, citing a major back surgery she underwent in February last year.
在哥本哈根克里斯蒂安堡宫召开的国务委员会会议上，正式完成了权力交接。成千上万的民众聚集在此，向玛格丽特女王告别，玛格丽特女王成为近900年来第一位自愿放弃王位的丹麦君主。83岁的玛格丽特女王在新年前夜的直播演讲中宣布将退位，令公众大为震惊。她提到了去年2月她接受了一次背部大手术。
bid
bid /bɪd/ 作名词，1）可表示“努力争取；努力；竞争；努力尝试；企图得到”，英文解释为“A bid for something or a bid to do something is an attempt to obtain it or do it. An effort to do sth or to obtain sth”如：a bid for power 权力之争，举个🌰：Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful. 她争取连任的努力没有成功。
📍2001年7月13日北京申奥成功，就是won the bid in 2001. 申奥，奥运会申办，the bid for the Olympic Games. 竞选总统（白宫），说的是the bid for the White House.
2）表示“买方的出价”，英文解释为“an offer by a person or a business company to pay a particular amount of money for sth”举个🌰：Granada mounted a hostile takeover bid for Forte. 格兰纳达公司向福特公司出价进行敌意收购。
3）表示“投标”，英文解释为“an offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price, in competition with other companies, etc.”举个🌰：The company submitted a bid for the contract to clean the hospital. 该公司投标承包这所医院的清洁工作。
4）作动词，表示“打招呼，致意；请求”，英文解释为“to give a greeting to someone, or to ask someone to do something”举个🌰：I must now bid you farewell (= say goodbye to you). 我现在必须向您道别了。
farewell
farewell /ˌfeəˈwel/ 表示“告别；辞行”，英文解释为“an occasion when someone says goodbye”举个🌰：We said our sad farewells and got on the bus. 我们悲伤地道别后，上了公共汽车。
relinquish
relinquish /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ 表示“放弃（权力或控制）”，英文解释为“If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.”举个🌰：She does not intend to relinquish power. 她不打算放弃权力。
surgery
surgery /ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/ 表示“外科手术”，英文解释为“the treatment of injuries or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body and removing or repairing the damaged part”举个🌰：The patient had/underwent surgery on his heart. 这位病人接受了心脏外科手术。
undergo
undergo /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ/ 表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。
🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergo this transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...
“God save the King,” she said on Sunday, after signing the abdication declaration.
周日，她在签署退位声明后说：“愿上帝保佑国王。”
A cheerful crowd of supporters, many holding miniature Danish flags, filled the route as King Frederik, 55, traveled to the castle in a motorcade, accompanied by the resonating toll of bells from a nearby church. Royal guards conducted their routine daily parade in downtown Copenhagen, donning red jackets in lieu of their customary black attire.
55岁的腓特烈国王乘坐车队前往克里斯蒂安堡宫，沿途人山人海，欢欣鼓舞的支持者挥舞着迷你丹麦国旗，附近教堂的钟声也发出阵阵回响。皇家卫队一改往日的黑色服装穿上了红色夹克，在哥本哈根市中心进行日常巡游。
miniature
miniature /ˈmɪnətʃər,ˈmɪnətʃʊr/ 表示“微型的；小型的；微小的”，英文解释为“used to describe something that is a very small copy of an object”举个🌰：I bought some miniature furniture for my niece's doll's house. 我为侄女的玩具屋买了一些微型家具模型。
motorcade
motorcade /ˈməʊ.tə.keɪd/ 表示“（尤指官方仪式上的）一长列汽车，（汽）车队”，英文解释为“a series of cars and other motor vehicles that moves slowly along a road carrying someone important, especially during an official ceremony”
resonate
resonate /ˈrez.ən.eɪt/ 1）表示“使产生联想；引起共鸣”，英文解释为“If an experience or memory resonates, it makes you think of another similar one.”举个🌰：Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation. 她的家庭生活环境和我相似，所以她的经历在我心中引起强烈共鸣。
2）表示“发出回响;发出共鸣;回荡”，英文解释为“to produce, increase, or fill with sound, by vibrating (= shaking) objects that are near”举个🌰：His voice resonated in the empty church. 他的声音在空荡荡的教堂中回荡。
toll
toll /təʊl/ 1）表示“伤亡；损失；破坏”，英文解释为“suffering, deaths, or damage”，一般指“（死亡、事故或灾难的）总数”举个🌰：Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands. 独立消息人士称地震中的伤亡人数达到数千人。
2）表示“(道路或桥梁）收费；通行费”，英文解释为“A toll road or toll bridge is a road or bridge that you have to pay to use.”举个🌰：Most people who drive the toll roads don't use them every day. 大部分开车上收费公路的人不是每天都走公路。
3）作名词还可以表示“（缓慢的）钟声”，作动词，表示“（使）缓慢而反复地鸣响”，英文解释为“to (cause a large bell to) ring slowly and repeatedly”举个🌰：In the distance, a church bell tolled the hour (= showed the time by ringing). 远处传来教堂报时的钟声。
📍这个词来自古英语的“toll”，表示“支付小费”。现在用来表示“通行费”或“代价”。想象事故对他身体和精神上都付出了“沉重的代价”。同根词：tollbooth（收费站） 常用短语：take a toll on（对...产生不良影响）
don
don /dɒn/ 表示“穿戴上”，英文解释为“to put on a piece of clothing”举个🌰：He donned his finest coat and hat. 他穿上了他最帅的外套，戴上了他最好的帽子。
📺美剧《权力的游戏》（Game of Thrones）中的台词提到：My father has donned the ancient crown of salt and rock 我父亲已戴上海盐与磐石的古老王冠。
in lieu of
in lieu (of) 等同于instead of，表示“替代，取代”，举个🌰：They gave some books in lieu of payment for the work I did. 对我做的这些工作，他们给了我一些书作为报酬而不是付钱。
🎬电影《魔法奇缘》（Enchanted）中的台词提到：So in lieu of taking advice from a forest rodent, 与其听从森林里一只啮齿动物的建议 不如...
🎬电影《V字仇杀队》（V for Vendetta）中的台词提到：Because while the truncheon may be used in lieu of conversation, words will always retain their power. 因为在警棍可以用来代替谈话的时候，语言会一直保留它的威力。也有翻译成：因为尽管沉默代替了谈话，言语却总是能保持它的力量。
attire
attire /əˈtaɪə/ 表示“服装；衣服”，相当于clothes，如：dressed in formal evening attire 穿着晚礼服。
对比：
📍在LV老板超越比尔·盖茨成全球第二大富豪一文中也接触了另一个表示“服装”的词语apparel，In 1984, he acquired the parent company of Christian Dior's apparel branch.
📍apparel表示“服装；尤指礼服”，英文解释为“Apparel means clothes, especially formal clothes worn on an important occasion.”举个🌰：Women's apparel is offered in petite, regular, and tall sizes. 女士礼服分为小号、中号和大号。
📍garment：表示“（一件）衣服，尤用于衣服生产和销售的领域”（A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking about the manufacture or sale of clothes.）如：woollen garments 毛衣，winter/outer garments 冬装/外衣，举个🌰：Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings. 这些衣服中很多都把顾客的姓名牌缝进衬里中。
📍outfit表示“全套服装，装束（尤指为某场合或目的）”（a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose）如：a wedding outfit 一套结婚礼服。
Denmark, one of the oldest monarchies across the globe, does not have a coronation ceremony. Instead, the new king and queen made a public appearance on the balcony of the palace, a tradition dating back to the constitution of 1849, with Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen proclaiming the King's accession.
丹麦是全球最古老的君主制国家之一，没有加冕仪式。取而代之的是，由首相梅特·弗雷泽里克森（Mette Frederiksen）宣布国王即位，新国王和王后在克里斯蒂安堡宫的阳台上公开亮相，这一传统可以追溯到1849年的宪法。
coronation
coronation /ˌkɒr.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“加冕典礼”，英文解释为“a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen”
balcony
balcony /ˈbæl.kə.ni/ 表示“露台，阳台”，英文解释为“an area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level”
constitution
constitution /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ 1）表示“宪法；章程”，英文解释为“the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs”举个🌰：Britain has no written constitution. 英国没有成文宪法。
2）表示“组成；构成；结构；构造”，英文解释为“how something is made up of different parts”如：the constitution of a chemical compound 化合物的结构。
3）熟词僻义，表示“体质，体格”，英文解释为“the general state of someone's health”举个🌰：He has a very strong constitution. 他体格很强壮。
proclaim
proclaim /prəˈkleɪm/ 表示“宣布；声明”，英文解释为“to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists”，proclaim后面可以接单个的名词，也可以接that+从句，举个🌰：She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father. 父亲突然去世后，她13岁就被立为女王。
📺英剧《唐顿庄园》（Downton Abbey）第五季中的台词提到：Don't proclaim your intransigence as if it were a virtue. 别把你的强硬态度当做什么优点炫耀。
accession
accession /əkˈseʃ.ən/ 1）表示“登基；就职”，英文解释为“the time when someone starts a position of authority, especially a king or queen”
2）表示“正式加入（国际组织）；签署（条约）”，英文解释为“the time when a country officially joins a group of countries or signs an agreement”如：Poland's accession to the EU 波兰加入欧盟这一情况。
"My hope is to become a unifying king of tomorrow,” Frederik X said in his first speech as king, donning a ceremonial military uniform adorned with medals and golden epaulets. “It is a task I have approached all my life. It is a task I take on with pride, respect, and joy."
“我希望成为有凝聚力的明日之君，”腓特烈十世身穿缀有勋章和金色肩章的军礼服，在他即位后首次演讲中说道。“这是我毕生努力追求的使命。我怀着自豪、尊重和喜悦的心情承担这一责任。”
adorn
adorn /əˈdɔːn/ 表示“装扮；装饰”，英文解释为“to add something decorative to a person or thing”举个🌰：The bride's hair was adorned with flowers. 新娘的头上戴着花朵。
📍「经济学人」一篇介绍日本选手大坂直美（Naomi Osaka）收获第二个大满贯赛冠军的文章就有这么一句：Congratulatory banners adorned the city hall. 市政厅里挂满了祝贺的横幅。
epaulet
epaulette /ˌep.əˈlet/ 表示“（尤指军装的）肩章，肩饰”，英文解释为“a decoration worn on the shoulder of a piece of clothing, especially on a military coat, shirt, etc.”
Under Denmark tradition, each new sovereign adopts a royal motto as a guiding principle for their reign. Frederik's motto is: "United, committed, for the kingdom of Denmark."
根据丹麦传统，每位新君主都会采用王室格言作为其统治的指导原则。弗雷德里克的格言是：“团结、忠诚、为了丹麦王国。”
sovereign
sovereign /ˈsɒv.ər.ɪn/ 表示“君主；元首；最高统治者”，英文解释为“a king or queen”
motto
motto /ˈmɒt.əʊ/ 表示“座右铭，格言，箴言”，英文解释为“a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief or purpose”举个🌰：His motto is "Talk is cheap. Show me the action." 他的座右铭是“Talk is cheap. Show me the action”。
The abdication leaves Denmark with two queens, as Queen Margrethe retains her title, and Frederik X's wife of 19 years, Queen Mary, takes on the role of queen consort. King Frederik X's 18-year-old son, Christian, now assumes the position of Denmark's crown prince and heir to the throne.
此次退位，丹麦将有两位女王，玛格丽特女王保留了她的头衔，而腓特烈十世的妻子、与他结婚19年的玛丽女王则成为王后。腓特烈十世的18岁儿子克里斯蒂安（Christian）现在成为了丹麦王储、王位继承人。
consort
consort /kənˈsɔːt/ 表示“（统治者的）配偶”，英文解释为“the husband or wife of a ruler”，如：the prince consort (= the queen's husband) 亲王（女王的丈夫）。
📍Queen Consort：the wife of a reigning king 王后
assume
assume /əˈsjuːm/ 1）表示“假定；假设；认为”，英文解释为“to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it”举个🌰：It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
2）表示“承担，担任；僭取，夺取；呈现，具有”，英文解释为“to take or begin to have responsibility or control, sometimes without the right to do so, or to begin to have a characteristic”举个🌰：The new president assumes office at midnight tonight. 新总统在今晚午夜就职。
crown prince
crown prince /ˌkraʊn ˈprɪns/ 表示“王储，皇太子”，英文解释为“the man who will be king of a country when the ruling king or queen dies”
heir
heir /eər/ 表示“继承人；后嗣”，英文解释为“a person who will legally receive money, property, or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that other person dies”，注意，单数时，heir前用an，而不是a.
类似的还有：heiress“女继承人，嗣女”（a woman or girl who will receive or already has received a lot of money, property, or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that person dies）
Denmark's monarchy, with its origins tracing back to 10th-century Viking king Gorm the Old, stands as the oldest in Europe and one of the oldest globally. While the royal family's duties are largely ceremonial in the constitutional monarchy, King Frederik X and Queen Mary have been praised for their efforts to modernize the monarchy, even sending their children to state schools.
丹麦的君主制起源于10世纪维京国王老戈尔姆，是欧洲最古老的君主制，也是全球最古老的君主制之一。虽然在君主立宪制下，王室的职责主要是礼仪性的，但腓特烈十世国王和玛丽王后为实现君主制现代化所做的努力一直备受赞誉，他们甚至将自己的孩子送入公立学校。
monarchy
monarchy /ˈmɒnəkɪ/ 表示“君主政体，君主制，君主国”，也可以指“王室”，英文解释为“The monarchy is used to refer to the monarch and his or her family.”
Recent surveys reflect widespread optimism, with 82% of Danes expressing confidence in King Frederik X's ability to perform well in his new role and an even higher percentage, 86%, expressing the same positive outlook for Queen Mary.
最近的调查反映了普遍的乐观情绪，82%的丹麦人对腓特烈十世国王在新角色中的表现充满信心，而对玛丽女王持积极看法的比例更是高达86%。
outlook
outlook /ˈaʊt.lʊk/ 1）表示“前景；展望”，英文解释为“the likely future situation”举个🌰：The outlook for the economy is bleak. 经济前景暗淡。
2）表示“观点，看法”，英文解释为“a person's way of understanding and thinking about something”举个🌰：He has a fairly positive outlook on life. 他的人生观相当积极。
3）表示“景色，风光，景致”，英文解释为“what you can see from a particular place”举个🌰：From the top of the tower, the outlook over the city was breathtaking. 从塔顶俯视，这座城市的景色令人叹为观止。
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