今天起，我们一起来啃2024政府工作报告好吗？中英双语笔记「Part 1」
此报告以本次大会最后审议通过并由新华社公布的文本为准。The official version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
政府工作报告
Delivered at the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2024
2024年3月5日 在第十四届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上
Premier of the State Council
国务院总理
- ◆ -
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
注：
除了2017年报告中译为：Esteemed Deputies，其余年份（2015年、2016年、2018年、2019年、2020年、2021年、2022年以及2023年），「各位代表」都译为：Fellow Deputies.
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
注：
国务院
the State Council
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会
the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
📍「请予审议」处理为：(ask) for your deliberation and approval；2016年中提到：xxx草案提交大会审查，用的是for your review and approval.
📍deliberation /dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/ 表示“细想；考虑；商议；审议；讨论”，英文解释为“considering or discussing something”举个🌰：After two hours of deliberation, LR decided to refuse their job. 经过2个小时的商议，LR君决定拒绝他们的工作。
📍「请...提出意见」 2015年、2016年、2018年、2019年报告表述较为相似：I (also) invite comments (on my report) from (the) members of ...；2017年报告译为：I also wish to have comments on my report from the ...；2020年、2021年、2022年则换成：I also ask members of ... for their comments；2023年和今年的译法一样。
📍两会具体是哪两会？
1. 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会（NPC） the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China
2. 中国人民政治协商会议（CPPCC） the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
一、2023年工作回顾
I. A Review of Our Work in 2023
过去一年，是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，
2023 was the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
注：
中国共产党
the Communist Party of China (CPC)
党的二十大（中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会）
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
（会议）精神
the guiding principles
全面贯彻
fully implement
开局之年-->第一年
the first year
👉「合集」二十大报告中英文双语注释笔记PDF下载，公众号「LearnAndRecord」后台对话框里发送：20
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告：2022年是党和国家历史上极为重要的一年。The year 2022 was a year of great importance in the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our country.
2022年报告：过去一年是...历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。Last year was a milestone in the history of ...
2021年报告：过去一年，在...历史上极不平凡。Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of ...
是本届政府依法履职的第一年。
It was also this government's first year to perform its duties in accordance with the law.
注：
依法履职
perform its duties in accordance with the law
面对异常复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民，顶住外部压力、克服内部困难，付出艰辛努力，
In the face of an unusually complex international environment and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability at home, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in withstanding external pressures and overcoming internal difficulties with dedicated efforts.
注：
异常复杂的国际环境
an unusually complex international environment
艰巨繁重的任务
the challenging tasks
以...为核心
with ... at its core
...同志
Comrade ...
党中央（中国共产党中央委员会）
the Party Central Committee / the CPC Central Committee / the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
团结带领
bring together ... and lead ... / unit and lead ...
全国各族人民
the Chinese people of all ethnic groups
顶住外部压力
withstanding external pressures
克服内部困难
overcoming internal difficulties
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告：面对风高浪急的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，n the face of high winds and choppy waters in the international environment and challenging tasks in promoting reform, development, and stability at home,
2022年报告：一年来，面对复杂严峻的国内外形势和诸多风险挑战，Last year, facing complicated and challenging circumstances both in and outside of China, as well as many risks and challenges,
2021年报告：面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情、世界经济深度衰退等多重严重冲击， Facing the combined adverse and severe impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession,
2020年报告：去年，我国发展面临诸多困难挑战。In pursuing development last year, China faced many difficulties and challenges.
2019年报告：我国发展面临多年少有的国内外复杂严峻形势，...。In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years,
2018年报告：面对极其错综复杂的国内外形势, ...。Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, ...
2017年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。In the past year, China's development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.
2016年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临多重困难和严峻挑战。In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.
2015年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging.
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新冠疫情防控实现平稳转段、取得重大决定性胜利，
We secured a smooth transition in epidemic response following a major, decisive victory in the fight against Covid-19.
注：
实现平稳转段
secure a smooth transition
重大决定性胜利
a major, decisive victory
📍“平稳转段”，就是平稳有序地调整转换到新阶段。
全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成，高质量发展扎实推进，社会大局保持稳定，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。
The main goals and tasks for economic and social development in 2023 were accomplished, and we made steady progress in pursuing high-quality development, maintained overall social stability, and made solid advances in building a modern socialist country in all respects.
注：
经济社会发展主要目标任务
the main goals and tasks for economic and social development
高质量发展
(pursuing) high-quality development
扎实推进
make steady progress
迈出坚实步伐
make solid advances
社会大局保持稳定
maintain overall social stability
全面建设社会主义现代化国家
building a modern socialist country in all respects
📍看到这里，经常有小伙伴会问，respect是不是写错了应该是aspect？没错啦，respect作名词，也有“（事物的）方面，细节”的含义（a particular aspect or detail of sth）。
——经济总体回升向好。
—Overall economic recovery and growth were boosted.
注：
📍boost /buːst/ 可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“改善；提高；增强；推动”，英文解释为“to improve or increase something”举个🌰：The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 剧院设法通过降低票价来增加观众数量。
📍“佩洛西有病还是先治病吧”文中提到be boosted，get boosted用来指打了加强针（疫苗），也有说booster shot/booster dose.
📍“经济总体回升向好”中，主语是“经济”，谓语可以理解为“回升向好”。英文译文则反过来，主语是“Overall economic recovery and growth”，谓语是“were boosted”，明确了经济恢复和增长不仅是发生了，而且得到了提升或加强。
国内生产总值超过126万亿元，增长5.2%，增速居世界主要经济体前列。
China's gross domestic product (GDP) surpassed 126 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent, ranking China among the fastest-growing major economies in the world.
注：
国内生产总值
gross domestic product (GDP)
世界主要经济体
the major economies in the world
📍surpass /səˈpɑːs/ 表示“超过，优于，胜过”，英文解释为“to do or be better than”举个🌰：His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second. 他以0.01秒的优势打破了100米短跑的前世界纪录。
城镇新增就业1244万人，城镇调查失业率平均为5.2%。
A total of 12.44 million urban jobs were added, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.2 percent.
注：
城镇调查失业率
the surveyed urban unemployment rate
调查失业率
the surveyed unemployment rate
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告：城镇新增就业1206万人，年末城镇调查失业率降到5.5％， A total of 12.06 million urban jobs were added, with the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate falling to 5.5 percent.
2022年报告：城镇新增就业1269万人，A total of 12.69 million urban jobs were added; 城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%。and the average surveyed unemployment rate stood at 5.1 percent.
2021年报告：城镇新增就业1186万人，A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added; 年末全国城镇调查失业率降到5.2%。and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent.
居民消费价格上涨0.2%。
The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.2 percent.
注：
居民消费价格
the consumer price index (CPI)
📍也称消费者物价指数/居民消费价格指数。
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告：居民消费价格上涨2％。The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2 percent.
2022年报告：居民消费价格上涨0.9%。The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.9 percent.
2021年报告：居民消费价格上涨2.5%。the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth.
2020年报告：居民消费价格直接是用的consumer prices，原句：居民消费价格上涨2.9%。Consumer prices rose by 2.9 percent.
国际收支基本平衡。
A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments.
注：
（国际）收支
the balance of payments
📍“the balance of payments”是国际经济学中的专业术语，指一个国家或地区在一定时期内与外界进行的所有经济交易的总和。
📍“equilibrium”也是经济学中常用的概念，用来描述市场或经济状态的平衡。equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ 表示“平衡；均衡；（经济）（供求的）平衡”，英文解释为“a balance between different people, groups, or forces that compete with each other, so that none is stronger than the others and a situation is not likely to change suddenly”举个🌰：Any disturbance to the body's state of equilibrium can produce stress. 对身体平衡状态的任何干扰都可能产生压力。
📍国际收支是指一个国家在一定时期内由对外经济往来、对外债权债务清算而引起的所有货币收支。
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告：国际收支保持平衡，人民币汇率在全球主要货币中表现相对稳健。A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments, and the RMB exchange rate remained stable relative to other major global currencies.
2022年报告：国际收支基本平衡。A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments.
——现代化产业体系建设取得重要进展。
—Significant progress was made in building a modernized industrial system.
注：
取得重要进展
make significant progress
现代化产业体系建设
building a modernized industrial system
传统产业加快转型升级，战略性新兴产业蓬勃发展，未来产业有序布局，
Traditional industries saw accelerated transformation and upgrading, strategic emerging industries achieved vigorous growth, and ground work was laid for developing industries of the future.
注：
转型升级
transformation and upgrading
战略性新兴产业
strategic emerging industries
蓬勃发展
achieve vigorous growth
有序布局-->完成基础工作，打下基础
ground work was laid
先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合，一批重大产业创新成果达到国际先进水平。
Advanced manufacturing was further integrated with modern services, and a number of world-class innovations were made in major industries.
注：
先进制造（业）
advanced manufacturing
现代服务（业）
modern services
A和B深度融合
A be further integrated with B
国产大飞机C919投入商业运营，国产大型邮轮成功建造，
C919, a homemade airliner, went into commercial operation, and a domestically-built large cruise ship was delivered.
注：
投入商业运营
go into commercial operation
国产大型邮轮
a domestically-built large cruise ship
新能源汽车产销量占全球比重超过60%。
China accounted for over 60 percent of global electric vehicle output and sales.
注：
新能源汽车
electric vehicle
产销量
output and sales
——科技创新实现新的突破。
—New breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.
注：
实现新的突破
make new breakthroughs
科技创新
scientific and technological innovation
国家实验室体系建设有力推进。关键核心技术攻关成果丰硕，
We made major headway in establishing a system of national laboratories and achieved fruitful results in developing core technologies in key fields.
注：
有力推进
make major headway
国家实验室体系建设
establishing a system of national laboratories
成果丰硕
achieve fruitful results
关键（领域）核心技术
core technologies in key fields
航空发动机、燃气轮机、第四代核电机组等高端装备研制取得长足进展，
Substantial progress was made in the research and development (R&D) of high-end equipment, such as aircraft engines, gas turbines, and 4th-generation nuclear power units.
注：
取得长足进展
make substantial progress
高端装备研制
the research and development (R&D) of high-end equipment
航空发动机
aircraft engines
燃气轮机
gas turbines
第四代核电机组
4th-generation nuclear power units
📍substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ 1）表示“大的；可观的；价值巨大的；重大的”，英文解释为“large in size, value, or importance”举个🌰：The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. 这些发现表明男性和女性之间存在着重大的意见分歧。
2）表示“基本上的；大体上的”，英文解释为“relating to the main or most important things being considered”举个🌰：The committee was in substantial agreement (= agreed about most of the things discussed). 委员会基本上达成了一致意见。
人工智能、量子技术等前沿领域创新成果不断涌现。
A stream of innovations emerged in frontier areas such as artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum technology.
注：
人工智能
artificial intelligence (AI)
量子技术
quantum technology
前沿领域
(in) frontier areas
📍“A stream of [innovations] emerged” 是对“[创新成果]不断涌现”的一个很好的英文表达。在中文中，“不断涌现”暗示了[创新成果]连续不断、如同泉水般源源不绝地出现。英文短语“a stream of”非常形象地描述了这种连续流动的状态，而“emerged”则准确传达了这些[创新成果]开始显现、浮出水面的意象。
技术合同成交额增长28.6%。
The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by 28.6 percent.
注：
技术合同成交额
the volume of contracted technology transactions
创新驱动发展能力持续提升。
These achievements have further enhanced the capacity for innovation-driven development.
注：
创新驱动发展能力
the capacity for innovation-driven development
——改革开放向纵深推进。
—Reform and opening up were deepened.
注：
改革开放
reform and opening up
纵深推进
be deepened
新一轮机构改革中央层面基本完成，地方层面有序展开。
The latest round of institutional reform at the central government level was generally completed, and such reform at the local government level proceeded in a well-planned way.
注：
新一轮机构改革
the latest round of institutional reform
中央层面
at the central government level
地方层面
at the local government level
基本完成
be generally completed
有序展开
proceed in a well-planned way
加强全国统一大市场建设。实施国有企业改革深化提升行动，出台促进民营经济发展壮大政策。
We stepped up efforts to build a unified national market, launched an initiative to deepen and upgrade state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform, and adopted policies to spur the growth of the private sector.
注：
全国统一大市场
a unified national market
国有企业改革
state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform
实施…深化提升行动
launch an initiative to deepen and upgrade …
促进民营经济发展壮大
spur the growth of the private sector
自贸试验区建设布局进一步完善。出口占国际市场份额保持稳定，
The layout of pilot free trade zones was further improved, and the global market share of China's exports remained stable.
注：
自贸试验区
pilot free trade zones
国际市场份额
the global market share
进一步完善
be further improved
实际使用外资结构优化，共建“一带一路”的国际影响力、感召力更为彰显。
The mix of utilized foreign investment was improved; the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation gained greater international influence and appeal.
注：
实际使用外资结构
the mix of utilized foreign investment
共建“一带一路”
the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation
“一带一路”
the Belt and Road Initiative
国际影响力、感召力
international influence and appeal
📍mix /mɪks/ 1）表示“混合；结合”，英文解释为“a combination”举个🌰："She's studying physics and philosophy." "That's an interesting mix." “她在学习物理和哲学。”“这种组合很有趣。”
2）表示“（常为粉状的）配料，混合料”，英文解释为“something that is sold in the form of a powder to which a liquid, such as water, can be added later”如：cake/cement mix 蛋糕粉/水泥配料。
📍在这个翻译中，使用“mix”来代表“结构”确实有其合理之处。这里的“mix”不仅指的是成分或元素的组合，也隐含了这些成分间比例和种类的优化。
- 广义理解：“结构”在中文原句中指的是实际使用外资的构成方式，可能包括资金来源、行业分布、地域布局等多个维度。在英语中，“mix”常用于描述不同元素的组合，不仅可以涵盖多种类型和来源，还可以包含这些元素之间的比例关系。因此，“mix”能够广泛地反映“结构”的含义，尤其是在投资、产品组合、市场策略等领域。
- 强调动态调整与优化：原文中的“结构优化”暗示了一种积极的调整和改善过程。在英文中，“the mix was improved”清晰地传达了这一动态过程，说明了利用外资的方式经过调整后更为合理或高效。相比之下，“structure”可能更多被理解为一种静态的框架或形态，而“mix”在此处强调了组合内部元素的优化和动态调整。
- 财经领域的习惯用语：“mix”在财经和商业领域是一个常用词汇，用以描述资产配置、产品组合、营销策略等方面的组合和比例。因此，将“结构优化”翻译为“the mix ... was improved”更贴近财经领域的表达习惯，也让专业读者更容易理解。
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