今天起，我们一起来啃2022政府工作报告好吗？中英双语笔记「Part 1」
此报告以本次大会最后审议通过并由新华社公布的文本为准。The official Chinese version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
政府工作报告
Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2022
2022年3月5日 在第十三届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上
Premier of the State Council
国务院总理
- ◆ -
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
注：
除了2017年报告中译为：Esteemed Deputies，近几年来（2015年、2016年、2018年、2019年、2020年以及2021年）「各位代表」都译为：Fellow Deputies.
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.
注：
国务院
the State Council
📍「请予审议」处理为：(ask) for your deliberation and approval；2016年报告中提到：xxx草案提交大会审查，用的是for your review and approval.
📍deliberation /dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/表示“细想；考虑；商议；审议；讨论”（considering or discussing something），举个🌰：
After two hours of deliberation, LR decided to refuse their job.
经过2个小时的商议，LR君决定拒绝他们的工作。
并请全国政协委员提出意见。
I also ask members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) for their comments.
注：
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会
the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
📍「请...提出意见」
2015年、2016年报告、2018年报告、2019年报告表述较为相似：I (also) invite comments (on my report) from (the) members of ...；2017年报告中译为：I also wish to have comments on my report from the ...；最近三年（今年、2021年和2020年则换成：I also ask members of ... for their comments.
📍两会具体是哪两会？
1. 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会（NPC）
the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China
2. 中国人民政治协商会议（CPPCC）
the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
一、2021工作回顾
I. A Review of Our Work in 2021
过去一年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。
Last year was a milestone in the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our country.
注：
中国共产党
the Communist Party of China
📍milestone表示“里程碑；重大事件；转折点”，英文解释为“an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life”举个🌰：
He felt that moving out of his parents' home was a real milestone in his life.
他感到搬出父母家是他一生中一个真正的转折点。
过去一年是...历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。
Last year was a milestone in the history of ...
类似的，2021年报告则提到：
过去一年，在...历史上极不平凡。
Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of ...
以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the whole Party and Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing the following endeavors:
注：
以...为核心
with ... at its core
...同志
Comrade ...
党中央（中国共产党中央委员会）
the CPC Central Committee
团结和带领
unit and lead
全党全国各族人民
the whole Party and Chinese people of all ethnic groups
📍「党中央」
2021年报告出现另外两种说法是the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China / the Party Central Committee
隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，
We celebrated the centenary of the Communist Party of China;
注：
📍centenary /sɛnˈtiːnərɪ/ 表示“一百周年（纪念）”，英文解释为“the day or year exactly 100 years after a particular event”如：a concert to mark the centenary of the composer's birth 纪念这位作曲家百年华诞的音乐会。
📍有没有发现，「庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年」的译文在处理中“成立”省掉了，在庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会上的讲话中也提到了类似的：我们在这里隆重集会，同全党全国各族人民一道，庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，We gather here to join all Party members and Chinese people of all ethnic groups around the country in celebrating the centenary of the Party,
👉「双语注释」在庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会上的讲话获取双语全文PDF，公众号「LearnAndRecord」后台对话框里发送：71
胜利召开党的十九届六中全会、制定党的第三个历史决议，
The 19th CPC Central Committee convened its sixth plenary session where a resolution on the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century was adopted;
注：
📍党的第三个历史决议具体是什么？
《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》（Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century），2021年11月11日中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第六次全体会议通过（Adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 11, 2021）
📍党的三个历史决议是哪三大？
党的第一个历史决议：1945年4月党的六届七中全会通过的《关于若干历史问题的决议》。
党的第二个历史决议：1981年6月党的十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》。
党的第三个历史决议：2021年11月党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》。
📍convene表示“召开，召集（会议）；集合；开会”，英文解释为“to bring together a group of people for a meeting, or to meet for a meeting”。
如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，
We declared victory in the critical battle against poverty as envisaged; and
注：
脱贫攻坚战
the critical battle against poverty
如期打赢...
declare victory in ... as envisaged
📍envisage /ɪnˈvɪz.ɪdʒ/ 表示“设想；展望，预计”，英文解释为“to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good”举个🌰：
It's envisaged that building will start at the end of this year.
预计大楼将在今年年底动工。
如期全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。
We achieved the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule and began a new journey toward the second centenary goal of building a modern socialist country in all respects.
注：
全面建成小康社会
building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
全面建设社会主义现代化国家
building a modern socialist country in all respects
如期
on schedule / as envisaged
实现第一个百年（奋斗）目标
achieve the first centenary goal
向第二个百年（奋斗）目标进军新征程
begin a new journey toward the second centenary goal
📍看到这里，经常有小伙伴会问，respect是不是写错了应该是aspect？没错，respect作名词，也有“（事物的）方面，细节”的含义（a particular aspect or detail of sth）。
本系列笔记首发自
微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
禁止任何形式搬运、抄袭，侵权必究！
一年来，面对复杂严峻的国内外形势和诸多风险挑战，
Last year, facing complicated and challenging circumstances both in and outside of China, as well as many risks and challenges,
注：
复杂严峻的国内外形势
complicated and challenging circumstances
诸多风险挑战
many risks and challenges
（中）国内外
both in and outside of China / domestic and international / both at home and abroad
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情、世界经济深度衰退等多重严重冲击， Facing the combined adverse and severe impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession,
2020年报告：去年，我国发展面临诸多困难挑战。In pursuing development last year, China faced many difficulties and challenges.
2019年报告：我国发展面临多年少有的国内外复杂严峻形势，...。In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years,
2018年报告：面对极其错综复杂的国内外形势, ...。Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, ...
2017年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。In the past year, China's development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.
2016年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临多重困难和严峻挑战。In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.
2015年报告：过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging.
全国上下共同努力，
all of us throughout the country worked hard as one.
注：
全国上下 / 举国上下（全国人民）
all of us throughout the country
共同努力
work hard as one
统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，
We responded to Covid-19 and pursued economic and social development in a well-coordinated way,
注：
统筹
in a well-coordinated way
📍疫情防控-->（我们）对Covid-19的应对
(we) respond to Covid-19；2021年报告中提到：疫情防控取得重大战略成果，We achieved major strategic success in our response to Covid-19
全年主要目标任务较好完成，
accomplished the main targets and tasks for the year,
注：
全年主要目标任务
the main targets and tasks for the year
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：全年发展主要目标任务较好完成，Our development goals and tasks for the year were accomplished,
2020年报告：完成全年主要目标任务，accomplishing the year's main targets and tasks,
2019年报告：完成全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，the year's main targets for economic and social development were accomplished,
“十四五”实现良好开局，
got the 14th Five-Year Plan off to a good start,
注：
“十四五”（规划）
the 14th Five-Year Plan
实现良好开局
get ... off to a good start
📍“十四五”一般指《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》（2021－2025年），简称“十四五”规划。
我国发展又取得新的重大成就。
and once again secured new and major achievements in our country’s development.
注：
取得新的重大成就
secure new and major achievements
——经济保持恢复发展。
—The economy continued to recover and grow.
注：
恢复发展
recover and grow
国内生产总值达到114万亿元，增长8.1%。
China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 114 trillion yuan, growing 8.1 percent.
注：
国内生产总值
gross domestic product (GDP)
全国财政收入突破20万亿元，增长10.7%。
National fiscal revenue exceeded 20 trillion yuan, growing 10.7 percent.
注：
全国财政收入
national fiscal revenue
城镇新增就业1269万人，
A total of 12.69 million urban jobs were added,
注：
「往年指标对比」
2021年报告：城镇新增就业1186万人，A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added,
城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%。
and the average surveyed unemployment rate stood at 5.1 percent.
注：
调查失业率
the surveyed unemployment rate
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：年末全国城镇调查失业率降到5.2%。and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent.
居民消费价格上涨0.9%。
The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.9 percent.
注：
居民消费价格
the consumer price index (CPI)
📍也称消费者物价指数/居民消费价格指数。(From: LearnAndRecord)
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：居民消费价格上涨2.5%。the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth.
2020年报告：居民消费价格直接是用的consumer prices，原句：居民消费价格上涨2.9%。Consumer prices rose by 2.9 percent.
国际收支基本平衡。
A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments.
注：
📍equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ 表示“平衡；均衡”（a balance between different people, groups, or forces that compete with each other, so that none is stronger than the others and a situation is not likely to change suddenly）举个🌰：
Any disturbance to the body's state of equilibrium can produce stress.
对身体平衡状态的任何干扰都可能产生压力。
——创新能力进一步增强。
—China’s innovation capacity was enhanced.
注：
创新能力
innovation capacity
国家战略科技力量加快壮大。
Our strategic science and technology capabilities were expanded at a faster pace.
注：
加快
at a faster pace
（国家）战略科技力量
(Our) strategic science and technology capabilities
📍注意这里是capability，而上一句创新能力 innovation capacity是capacity。
capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ 1）表示“能力；才干；水平”，英文解释为“the ability to do something”举个🌰：
These tests are beyond the capability of an average eleven-year-old.
这些测试超出了一个普通11岁孩子的能力。
2）表示“军事力量”，英文解释为“the number of weapons, soldiers, etc. a country has to fight a war”举个🌰：
Several countries are trying to develop a nuclear capability.
几个国家正在试图发展核力量。
capacity 表示“容积，容量；生产能力；（尤指某人或某组织的）办事能力”，英文解释为“the total amount that can be contained or produced, or (especially of a person or organization) the ability to do a particular thing”举个🌰：
She has a great capacity for hard work.
她特别能吃苦耐劳。
📍“强化国家战略科技力量”是由中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要衍生出的经济名词。
关键核心技术攻关取得重要进展，
Major advances were registered in research on core technologies in key fields,
注：
关键核心技术
core technologies in key fields
取得重要进展
major advances were registered
载人航天、火星探测、资源勘探、能源工程等领域实现新突破。
and breakthroughs were made in manned spaceflight, Mars exploration, resource exploration, energy projects and other areas.
注：
载人航天
manned spaceflight
火星探测
Mars exploration
资源勘探
resource exploration
能源工程
energy projects
企业研发经费增长15.5%。
Corporate spending on research and development grew by 15.5 percent.
注：
研发经费
spending on research and development
数字技术与实体经济加速融合。
Integration of digital technology in the real economy was accelerated.
注：
数字技术
digital technology
实体经济
the real economy
——经济结构和区域布局继续优化。
—The economic structure and regional development priorities were refined.
注：
📍refine表示“改进；完善；使精炼”，英文解释为“to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes”举个🌰：
Engineers spent many months refining the software.
工程师们花了数月来完善这个软件。
📍区域布局一般指中国区域经济布局，由于社会的发展根据新的发展观的要求，国家重新调整了区域发展的布局，目的是促进区域经济协调发展。（如：推进西部大开发，振兴东北地区等老工业，鼓励有条件的东部地区率先基本实现现代化）
粮食产量1.37万亿斤，创历史新高。
Grain output reached a record high of 685 million metric tons.
注：
粮食产量
grain output
创历史新高
reach a record high of ...
📍grain作名词，表示“粮食，颗粒，谷物”（the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat , rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant）
📍metric ton表示“公吨，米制吨（=1,000 公斤）”（a unit for measuring weight, equal to 1,000 kilograms）
📍注意单位的换算：
1公吨 = 1000公斤，1斤 = 0.5公斤
1.37万亿斤 = 1370000000000斤 = 685000000000公斤 = 685000000公吨（metric tons）= 685 million metric tons
高技术制造业增加值增长18.2%，
Value-added of the high-tech manufacturing sector grew by 18.2 percent,
注：
高技术制造业
the high-tech manufacturing sector
信息技术服务等生产性服务业较快发展，
IT services and other producer services recorded rapid growth,
注：
信息技术服务
IT services
生产性服务（业）
producer services
产业链韧性得到提升。
and industrial chains became more resilient.
注：
产业链
industrial chains
韧性得到提升
become more resilient
区域发展战略有效实施，
Regional development strategies were well implemented,
注：
区域发展战略
regional development strategies
新型城镇化扎实推进。
and new urbanization was steadily advanced.
注：
新型城镇化
new urbanization
——改革开放不断深化。
—Reform and opening up were deepened.
注：
改革开放
reform and opening up
在重要领域和关键环节推出一批重大改革举措，
In key fields and sectors, a full range of major reforms were rolled out,
注：
在重要领域和关键环节
in key fields and sectors
一批-->全方位的，各种各样的
a full range of
📍roll out 表示“推出（新产品或服务）”，英文解释为“If a company rolls out a new product or service, or if the product or service rolls out, it is made available to the public.”举个🌰：
Microsoft rolls out its new operating system.
微软推出了它的新操作系统。
📍rollout作名词，表示“首次提供（产品或服务）”，英文解释为“the act of making something, especially a product or service, available for the first time”
📍2020年报告中就提到：We will support the rollout of e-commerce and express delivery services in rural areas to expand rural consumption. 支持电商、快递进农村，拓展农村消费。
供给侧结构性改革深入推进。
and supply-side structural reform was deepened.
注：
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
📍上文的“改革开放不断深化”以及此处的“...深入推进”都用的be deepened.
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：要深化“放管服”改革，We must push forward with reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services, (From: LearnAndRecord)
“放管服”改革取得新进展。
New gains were made in the reform to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services.
注：
取得新进展
new gains were made
📍放管服，就是简政放权（streamline administration and delegate power）、放管结合（improve regulation）、优化服务（upgrade services）的简称。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：深入推进“放管服”改革，We furthered reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services;
2020年报告：“放管服”streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services
2019年报告：“放管服”streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services
2018年报告：“放管服”streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and optimize services.
2017年报告：“放管服”streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.
2016年报告：“放管服”streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.
市场主体总量超过1.5亿户。
The total number of market entities surpassed the 150-million mark.
注：
市场主体
market entities
📍surpass表示“优于；超过”，英文解释为“If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than, the second.”举个🌰：
He was determined to surpass the achievements of his older brothers.
他决心超过他的几位哥哥的成就。
📍mark熟词僻义，表示“（重要的）水平，标准点，指标，目标”，英文解释为“a level or point that sth reaches that is thought to be important”举个🌰：
Sales have already passed the million mark.
销售额已突破百万元大关。
高质量共建“一带一路”稳步推进。
The Belt and Road Initiative saw steady high-quality development.
注：
“一带一路”
the Belt and Road Initiative
推动区域全面经济伙伴关系协定生效实施。
China worked for the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.
注：
区域全面经济伙伴关系协定
the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
货物进出口总额增长21.4%，
The total volume of trade in goods grew by 21.4 percent,
注：
货物进出口总额
the total volume of trade in goods
实际使用外资保持增长。
and growth of utilized foreign investment was sustained.
注：
实际使用外资
utilized foreign investment
保持增长-->增长被保持住了
growth was sustained
——生态文明建设持续推进。
—Ecological conservation was enhanced.
注：
生态文明（建设）
ecological conservation
污染防治攻坚战深入开展，
Thanks to further steps taken to prevent and control pollution,
注：
污染防治
prevent and control pollution
主要污染物排放量继续下降，地级及以上城市细颗粒物平均浓度下降9.1%。
the discharge of major pollutants continued to fall and the average concentration of fine particulate matter dropped by 9.1 percent in cities at and above the prefecture level.
注：
主要污染物排放量
the discharge of major pollutants
细颗粒物
fine particulate matter
平均浓度
the average concentration
地级及以上城市
cities at and above the prefecture level
📍prefecture /ˈpriː.fek.tʃɚ/ 表示“（法、意、日等国的）地方行政区域；省；县”（an area of local government in some countries, for example France, Italy and Japan）
第一批国家公园正式设立。
The first group of national parks were officially established.
注：
第一批...
the first group of ...
生态环境质量明显改善。
Significant improvements were made in the quality of the environment.
注：
（生态）环境质量
the quality of the environment
明显改善
significant improvements were made
——人民生活水平稳步提高。
—Living standards rose steadily.
注：
生活水平
living standards
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：人民生活持续改善。Living standards continued to improve.
居民人均可支配收入实际增长8.1%。
Per capita disposable income increased by 8.1 percent in real terms.
注：
居民人均可支配收入
per capita disposable income
实际
in real terms
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：居民人均可支配收入增长与国内生产总值增长基本同步。Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
2019年报告：居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.5%。Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms.
📍in real terms表示“实际地，真实地，事实上”，英文解释为“after considering things that affect what a number or amount really means, such as the effect of rising prices”举个🌰：
Average earnings rose 8.1 percent in real terms after deducting income tax.
在扣除收入所得税等项之后，平均收入实际增加了8.1%。
脱贫攻坚成果得到巩固和拓展。
Achievements in poverty alleviation were consolidated and further expanded.
注：
脱贫攻坚成果
achievements in poverty alleviation
📍consolidate表示“（使）巩固；（使）加强”，英文解释为“to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain”举个🌰：
The success of their major product consolidated the firm's position in the market.
公司主打产品取得的成功巩固了该公司在市场上的地位。
基本养老、基本医疗、社会救助等保障力度加大。
Inputs in basic elderly care, basic medical care, and social assistance were increased.
注：
基本养老
basic elderly care
基本医疗
basic medical care
社会救助
social assistance
保障力度-->对...投入/输入
inputs in ...
教育改革发展迈出新步伐。
New steps were taken in the reform and development of education.
注：
教育改革发展
the reform and development of education
新开工改造城镇老旧小区5.6万个，惠及近千万家庭。
Renovations began on 56,000 old urban residential communities, benefiting close to 10 million households.
注：
城镇老旧小区
old urban residential communities
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：加大城镇老旧小区改造力度，Efforts were intensified to rebuild old urban residential areas.
2019年报告：城镇老旧小区量大面广，Old residential areas in cities are large in both number and area.
——疫情防控成果持续巩固。
—Our gains in Covid-19 response were consolidated.
注：
疫情防控成果
(our) gains in Covid-19 response
落实常态化防控举措，
Implementation of control measures became routine,
注：
常态化
become routine
疫苗全程接种覆盖率超过85%，
and over 85 percent of the population received a full course of vaccination.
注：
疫苗全程接种
receive a full course of vaccination
📍外刊中疫苗“完全接种”一般用“fully vaccinated”。
及时有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，
Local outbreaks were suppressed in an effective and quick manner.
注：
及时有效
in an effective and quick manner
局部地区聚集性疫情-->局部地区爆发
local outbreaks
保障了人民生命安全和身体健康，维护了正常生产生活秩序。
By making these efforts, we ensured the health and safety of the people and maintained normal order in work and life.
注：
保障人民生命安全和身体健康
ensure the health and safety of the people
（维护）正常生产生活秩序
(maintain) normal order in work and life
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
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