「Part 12」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

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「Part 12」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

LearnAndRecord 2020-10-07

本系列笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@cy 和 @Jimmy 的整理。

（二）激发市场主体活力，着力优化营商环境。

2. We will work to energize market entities and improve the business environment.

注：

激发市场主体活力

energize market entities

优化营商环境

improve the business environment

我国有上亿市场主体，而且还在不断增加。

There are hundreds of millions of market entities in China, and the number continues to grow.

注：

上亿

hundreds of millions of

把市场主体的活跃度保持住、提上去，是促进经济平稳增长的关键所在。

The key to promoting stable economic growth lies in maintaining and increasing their level of activity.

要深化“放管服”改革，

We must push forward with reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services,

注：

放管服，就是简政放权（delegate power）、放管结合（improve regulation）、优化服务（upgrade services）的简称。

推动降低制度性交易成本，

bring down government-imposed transaction costs,

注：

制度性交易成本

government-imposed transaction costs

制度性成本也叫体制性成本，主要是指企业因遵循政府制定的各种制度、规章、政策而需要付出的成本，这是企业靠自身努力无法降低的，只有依靠政府深化改革，调整制度、政策才能够降低成本。

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：降低企业制度性交易成本 reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses.

下硬功夫打造好发展软环境。

and make every effort to create an enabling environment for development.

注：

下硬功夫

make every effort to

以简审批优服务便利投资兴业。

We will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups.

注：

简审批

cut government approvals

优服务

improve services

便利投资兴业

create a favorable environment for investment and business startups

市场配置资源是最有效率的形式。

Market allocation is the most efficient form of resource allocation.

要进一步缩减市场准入负面清单，推动“非禁即入”普遍落实。

We will further shorten the negative list on market entry and promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of "entry unless on the list."

注：

市场准入负面清单

the negative list on market entry

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告Part 1：市场准入负面清单制度 the negative list system for market access;

2018年报告：全面实施市场准入负面清单制度 A negative list for market access will be instituted nationwide;

2017年报告：扩大市场准入负面清单试点expand the piloting of granting market access on the basis of a negative list.

“非禁即入”（政策）

the policy of "entry unless on the list"

推动...普遍落实

promote across-the-board implementation of

政府要坚决把不该管的事项交给市场，

The government must act with resolve to hand matters it shouldn't manage over to the market,

最大限度减少对资源的直接配置，

and make maximum reductions to its direct allocation of resources.

注：

最大限度减少

make maximum reductions to

审批事项应减尽减，

Every requirement for government approval that should be canceled will be canceled.

确需审批的要简化流程和环节，

When approval is required, the procedures and steps involved will be simplified.

注：

简化流程和环节

simplify the procedures and steps

让企业多用时间跑市场、少费功夫跑审批。

This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals.

注：

多用时间跑市场、少费功夫跑审批

spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals

今年，要对所有涉企经营许可事项实行“证照分离”改革，使企业更便捷拿到营业执照并尽快正常运营，

This year, all permits required of businesses will be separated from the business license to make it quicker and easier for companies to get a license and start operating as soon as possible;

注：

permits required of businesses

涉企经营许可事项

证照分离：所谓“照”，指的是工商部门颁发的营业执照，而“证”，指的是各相关行业主管部门颁发的经营许可证。（原先要开办一家公司，首先要取得主管部门的经营许可证，才能到工商部门申办营业执照。）

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告Part 3：“证照分离”改革 the reform separating permits from the business license;

2018年报告：“证照分离”改革 The reform separating permits and certificates from business licenses;

2017年报告：“证照分离”separate operating permits and business licenses.

坚决克服“准入不准营”的现象；

and we will put an end to the phenomenon of "letting firms in but not letting them do business."

注：

克服

put an end to ...

“准入不准营”现象

the phenomenon of "letting firms in but not letting them do business."

在全国推开工程建设项目审批制度改革，

Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide,

注：

the system for construction project approval

工程建设项目审批制度

使全流程审批时间大幅缩短。

and the time of approval needed at every stage of a project will be significantly shortened.

推行网上审批和服务，

We will encourage online approvals and services,

注：

网上审批

online approvals

加快实现一网通办、异地可办，

and work faster to make it possible for such services to be accessed via one website and processed remotely,

注：

一网通办、异地可办

(services) be accessed via one website and processed remotely

使更多事项不见面办理，

so that more matters can be handled without the need to be physically present.

注：

不见面办理

be handled without the need to be physically present

确需到现场办的要“一窗受理、限时办结”“最多跑一次”。

For matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit.

注：

“一窗受理、限时办结”

be processed at a single window, within a specified time

“最多跑一次”

without the need for a second visit

持续开展“减证便民”改革行动，

We will continue to pursue the Cut Certification to Create Convenience reform initiative,

注：

“减证便民”改革行动

the Cut Certification to Create Convenience reform initiative

不能让繁琐证明来回折腾企业和群众。

and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.

注：

· saddle sb with sth表示“使（某人）负担，使（某人）承担（重任或难题）”（to give someone a responsibility or problem that they do not want and that will cause them a lot of work or difficulty），此处用来表达“折腾”。

· from pillar to post表示“四处奔走，到处奔波”（If someone goes from pillar to post, they are forced to keep moving from one place to another）

建立政务服务“好差评”制度，服务绩效由企业和群众来评判。

We will establish a government service evaluation system, and let businesses and the public judge if our service is up to scratch.

注：

政务服务“好差评”制度

the government service evaluation system

· up to scratch表示“达到标准”（reaching an acceptable standard）

政府部门做好服务是本分，服务不好是失职。

Delivering good services is what a government is meant to do; failure to do so means failing in its duties.

注：

本分-->本应该做的

be meant to do

失职

failing in one's duties

以公正监管促进公平竞争。

We will conduct impartial regulation to promote fair competition.

注：

公平竞争

fair competition

公正监管

impartial regulation

· “公正”与“公平”用“impartial”和“fair”替换。

· “以”字用“conduct”: to carry out a particular activity or process表示，带有“执行”的意味。

公平竞争是市场经济的核心，公正监管是公平竞争的保障。

Fair competition is at the heart of a market economy, and impartial regulation is a safeguard for fair competition.

注：

市场经济

the market economy

是...的核心

be at the heart of sth

是...的保障

be a safeguard for sth

改革完善公平竞争审查和公正监管制度，

We will reform and improve the fair competition review and impartial regulation systems,

注：

公平竞争审查制度

the fair competition review system

公正监管制度

the impartial regulation system

加快清理妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法。

and move faster to do away with all regulations and practices that impede the functioning of a unified market and fair competition.

注：

清理

do away with

· 在“妨碍”impede后面增译了一个“functioning”，这是为了使得“妨碍”的内容更加的具体，要不然我们不知道是妨碍到了市场的什么方面，句意出现一个空缺。

政简易从。

Simple regulations are easy to follow.

规则越简约透明，监管越有力有效。

The simpler and more transparent the rules are, the more robust and effective regulation is.

注：

· “透明”transparent在这儿不是真的透明，而是容易让人理解的（language or information that is transparent is clear and easy to understand）

· robust表示“强大的，稳固的”（a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems）

国家层面重在制定统一的监管规则和标准，地方政府要把主要力量放在公正监管上。

At the national level, the focus is on developing unified regulatory rules and standards, while local governments should concentrate most of their energy on conducting impartial regulation.

注：

重在某事/干什么

the focus is on sth/doing sth

制定统一的监管规则和标准

develop unified regulatory rules and standards

主要的...

most of sth

主要力量

most of one's energy

· 两个分句主语表示对照用while连接

推进“双随机、一公开”跨部门联合监管，

We will continue interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results.

注：

跨部门联合监管

interdepartmental oversight

· 用“conducted through”连接是因为“跨部门联合监管”和“双随机、一公开”互为表里的关系。

“双随机、一公开”

the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results

“双随机、一公开”，即在监管过程中随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，抽查情况及查处结果及时向社会公开。（百度百科）

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：“双随机、一公开” oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results;

2017年报告：全面推行“双随机、一公开”，We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board*,

*The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.

推行信用监管和“互联网+监管”改革，

We will promote credit rating-based regulation and the Internet Plus Regulation reform initiative,

注：

信用监管

credit rating-based regulation

“互联网+监管”

the Internet Plus Regulation

· reform后面要加initiative是因为，initiative带有一个“particular aim and problem”这样一个词素，限定了改革的内容，所以更加适用于在指明了具体改革名称的句子中，它还含有“a new plan”和“the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do”的意义来表示一种倡议，一种发起感。

优化环保、消防、税务、市场监管等执法方式，

develop better ways of enforcing laws on environmental protection, fire prevention, tax collection, and market oversight,

注：

优化...方式

develop better ways of

环保

environmental protection

消防

fire prevention

税务

tax collection

市场监管

market oversight

对违法者依法严惩、对守法者无事不扰。

and see that law breakers are punished in accordance with law and the law-abiding are let be.

注：

违法者

law breakers

守法者

the law-abiding

依法严惩

be punished in accordance with law

无事不扰

let someone be: leave someone alone and not interfere in what they are doing

深化综合行政执法改革，清理规范行政处罚事项，坚决治理多头检查、重复检查。

We will deepen the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments, overhaul government penalties and punitive measures, and address overlap and duplication in enforcement.

注：

综合行政执法改革

the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments

行政处罚事项

government penalties and punitive measures

多头检查、重复检查

overlap and duplication in enforcement

· “综合”coordinated = effectively organized：一般是指有序有效的内涵

· “深化”deepen: to become stronger or greater, or to make something stronger or greater

· “清理规范”overhaul: If you overhaul a system or method, you examine it carefully and make many changes in it in order to improve it.

· “多头”和“重复”“overlap”和“duplication”

· “enforcement”在这句里有两个对应项“执”和“检查”，都含有上层机关要求下层遵守规章制度的含义。

对监管者也要强监管、立规矩，

Regulators themselves must also be subject to strong oversight and follow rules.

注：

· “强监管，立规矩”：前一部分“监管”是用表示被动含义的词组“be subject to”，后一部分“立规矩”用主动“follow”表示“立”

决不允许搞选择性执法、任性执法，决不允许刁难企业和群众。

There can be no tolerance for selective or arbitrary law enforcement or for making things difficult for businesses and people.

注：

选择性执法、任性执法

selective or arbitrary law enforcement

刁难

make things difficult for ...

依法打击制售假冒伪劣商品等违法行为，让违法者付出付不起的代价。

We will, in accordance with law, crack down on violations of law such as the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, and make the price to pay for law breakers too dear to afford.

注：

依法

in accordance with law

打击

crack down on

制售假冒伪劣商品

the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods

· 违法行为中的“行为”两字没有译出来，是因为violation词意已经包含了action这一词素

· “dear”表示“昂贵的”（expensive）

用公正监管管出公平、管出效率、管出活力。

We will use impartial regulation to ensure a fair, efficient, and dynamic market.

注：

· “（管）出”在这儿是“确保体现”的含义，所以用“ensure”表达

· 结合上下文，我们可以对“公平、效率、活力”修饰的对象进行增译“market”

· dynamic: full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed，还可以用vibrant或者vigorous代替

以改革推动降低涉企收费。

We will carry out reforms to promote reductions in business-related charges.

注：

降低涉企收费

reductions in business-related charges

· “以”介词变动词“实施”carry out

深化电力市场化改革，

We will deepen market-oriented reforms in the electric power sector,

注：

电力市场化改革

market-oriented reforms in the electric power sector

清理电价附加收费，

overhaul surcharges on electricity prices,

注：

电价附加收费

surcharges on electricity prices

降低制造业用电成本，

lower electricity costs in manufacturing,

注：

制造业用电成本

electricity costs in manufacturing

一般工商业平均电价再降低10%。

and cut the average electricity price for general industrial and commercial businesses by another 10 percent.

注：

一般工商业

general industrial and commercial businesses

平均电价

the average electricity price

深化收费公路制度改革，推动降低过路过桥费用，

We will advance the reform of the toll roads system, move to cut tolls on highways and bridges,

注：

收费公路制度

the toll roads system

过路过桥费用

tolls on highways and bridges

推动降低

move to cut

· toll表示“（道路、桥梁等的）通行费”（the money you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge etc）

治理对客货运车辆不合理审批和乱收费、乱罚款。

and put a stop to unjustified requirements for approval as well as arbitrary charges and fines on passenger and freight transport vehicles.

注：

客货运车辆

passenger and freight transport vehicles

不合理审批

unjustified requirements for approval

乱收费、乱罚款

arbitrary charges and fines

· 用arbitrary“随意的，任意的，武断的，专横的”来表达“乱”（decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly）

· “治理”翻译成put a stop to是缩小了“治理”的词意范围，成了“停止某现象的发生”这样一个含义。

两年内基本取消全国高速公路省界收费站，实现不停车快捷收费，减少拥堵、便利群众。

Within two years, we will remove almost all expressway toll booths at provincial borders and make nonstop, swift collection a reality. This will cut traffic congestion and make road transport more convenient.

注：

高速公路省界收费站

expressway toll booths at provincial borders

不停车快捷收费

nonstop, swift collection

减少拥堵

cut traffic congestion

· 这儿的“取消”更加偏向于“移除”的含义，所以用“remove”而不是“cancel”

· “便利群众”译成“make road transport more convenient”，是结合了“减少拥堵”把具体的句意补充了完整，并且把“群众”进行了隐化处理，因为对于“convenient road transport”直接感受者就是“群众”，相当于把中文中的感受搭配变成了英文中的事实陈述。

取消或降低一批铁路、港口收费。

A number of railway and port charges will be abolished or lowered.

注：

· “取消”用abolish，表示“废除，取消（尤指存在很长时间的法律、制度等）”（to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time）是因为根据常识，这些港口、铁路的收费是制度化的。

专项治理中介服务收费。

We will launch an initiative to address the collection of charges by intermediary organizations.

注：

· “专项治理”这部分增添了主语和谓语动词；

· “专项”用initiative是因为，专项带有目的性与特殊性，而initiative含有“to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem”这样的词意；

· “中介服务”中的“服务”没有译成service而是译成organizations，是因为前面有一个collection限定了主体当然是能够做出收费这种行为的，而service不能做出行为。

继续清理规范行政事业性收费。

We will continue reviewing and standardizing government levied charges.

注：

行政事业性收费

government levied charges

· 这里“清理”用review，而不用上文的overhaul，是因为这里不涉及重大改造，清理的程度较轻；Review: to examine, consider, and judge a situation or process carefully in order to see if changes are necessary.

· levy: to officially say that people must pay a tax or charge, 词意与government搭配刚好符合“行政事业性”之含义。

加快收费清单“一张网”建设，让收费公开透明，让乱收费无处藏身。

We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.

注：

收费清单“一张网”建设

the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges

乱收费

unauthorized charges

让...无处藏身

leave ... no place to hide

· 这里的“乱收费”中的“乱”与上文的“乱”的同义替换“arbitrary”和“unauthorized”。

「未完待续」

「持续更新中」

「Part 11」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

「Part 10」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版