「Part 8」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

本系列笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@艾艾哎 和 @情伪 的整理。

积极的财政政策要加力提效。

We will pursue a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and enhance its performance.

今年赤字率拟按2.8%安排，比去年预算高0.2个百分点；

Deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at 2.8 percent, a 0.2-percentage-point increase over that of last year.

注：

赤字率表示的是一定时期内财政赤字额与同期国民生产总值之间的比例关系。财政赤字是指财政支出超过财政收入的部分。

赤字率=(政府开支-政府收入)/GDP×100%

赤字率

the deficit-to-GDP ratio

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：“今年赤字率拟按2.6%安排，比去年预算低0.4个百分点”This year's deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected to be 2.6 percent, 0.4 percentage point lower than last year.

· project作动词表示“预计，推断”（to calculate what something will be in the future, using the information you have now）

The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%.

该公司预计每年的增长率为3%。

财政赤字2.76万亿元，其中中央财政赤字1.83万亿元，地方财政赤字9300亿元。

The budgetary deficit is projected at 2.76 trillion yuan, with a central government deficit of 1.83 trillion yuan and a local government deficit of 0.93 trillion yuan.

注：

财政赤字

the budgetary deficit

适度提高赤字率，综合考虑了财政收支、专项债券发行等因素，

In moderately increasing the deficit-to-GDP ratio, we have given full consideration to factors such as government revenue and expenditure and the issuance of special bonds;

注：

综合考虑了

give full consideration to

财政收支

government revenue and expenditure

专项债券发行

the issuance of special bonds

也考虑为应对今后可能出现的风险留出政策空间。

we have also taken into account the need to leave policy space to address risks that could arise in the future.

今年财政支出超过23万亿元，增长6.5%。

Government expenditure is budgeted at over 23 trillion yuan, a 6.5 percent increase.

中央对地方均衡性转移支付增长10.9%。

The central government's transfer payments to local governments for equalizing access to basic public services will increase by 10.9 percent.

注：

中央对地方均衡性转移支付

the central government's transfer payments to local governments for equalizing access to basic public services

改革完善县级基本财力保障机制，缓解困难地区财政运转压力，决不让基本民生保障出问题。

We will reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring basic fiscal capacity at the county level, ease the pressure of budgetary constraints faced by localities, and make certain that people's basic living needs are met.

注：

县级基本财力保障机制

the mechanism for ensuring basic fiscal capacity at the county level

决不让基本民生保障出问题-->确保人民基本生活需求得到满足

make certain that people's basic living needs are met

稳健的货币政策要松紧适度。

Our prudent monetary policy will be eased or tightened to the right degree.

注：

松紧适度

be eased or tightened to the right degree

广义货币M2和社会融资规模增速要与国内生产总值名义增速相匹配，以更好满足经济运行保持在合理区间的需要。

Increases in M2 money supply and aggregate financing should be in keeping with nominal GDP growth to keep major indicators within an appropriate range.

注：

（社会）融资规模-->融资总量

aggregate financing

国内生产总值名义增速

nominal GDP growth

在实际执行中，既要把好货币供给总闸门，不搞“大水漫灌”，

In implementation, we will ensure the valve on aggregate monetary supply is well controlled and refrain from using a deluge of stimulus policies;

注：

把握好

ensure ... be well controlled

不搞“大水漫灌”

refrain from using a deluge of stimulus policies

又要灵活运用多种货币政策工具，疏通货币政策传导渠道，保持流动性合理充裕，

but will also use flexibly a variety of monetary policy instruments to improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, maintain reasonably sufficient liquidity,

注：

货币政策工具

monetary policy instruments

货币政策传导渠道

the transmission mechanism of monetary policy

有效缓解实体经济特别是民营和小微企业融资难融资贵问题，防范化解金融风险。

effectively mitigate difficulties faced in the real economy, especially by private enterprises and small and micro businesses, in accessing affordable financing, and forestall and defuse financial risks.

注：

有效缓解

effectively mitigate

实体经济

the real economy

民营企业

private enterprises

小微企业

small and micro businesses

防范化解金融风险

forestall and defuse financial risks

深化利率市场化改革，降低实际利率水平。

We will deepen reforms to strengthen the market's role in setting interest rates and lower real interest rates.

注：

深化利率市场化改革

deepen reforms to strengthen the market's role in setting interest rates

完善汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

We will improve the exchange rate mechanism and keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable and at an adaptive and balanced level.

注：

在合理均衡水平

at an adaptive and balanced level

就业优先政策要全面发力。

An employment-first policy will be pursued with full force.

注：

就业优先政策

the employment-first policy

全面发力

pursue ... with full force

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：“实施积极的就业政策，重点人群就业得到较好保障”We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.

就业是民生之本、财富之源。

Employment is the cornerstone of wellbeing, and the wellspring of wealth.

注：

民生之本

the cornerstone of wellbeing

财富之源

the wellspring of wealth

· cornerstone表示“基础；柱石”（something that is extremely important because everything else depends on it）

· wellspring表示“源头，来源”（the situation or place where something begins）

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：“我们必须牢牢抓住就业这一民生之本”Employment is crucial to ensuring people's wellbeing.

十九报告：“就业是最大的民生”Employment is pivotal to people's wellbeing.

2018年报告：“改善民生”improve living standards.

今年首次将就业优先政策置于宏观政策层面， 

This year, for the first time, we are elevating the employment-first policy to the status of a macro policy.

注：

层面

the status of

「类似表述对比」

十九大报告：“要坚持就业优先战略和积极的就业政策”We must give high priority to employment and pursue a proactive employment policy;

旨在强化各方面重视就业、支持就业的导向。

This is to increase society-wide attention to employment and support for it.

注：

各方面重视

society-wide attention to

当前和今后一个时期，我国就业总量压力不减、结构性矛盾凸显， 

Both in the immediate future and for some time to come, the pressure on aggregate job creation will continue unabated, the related structural issues will become more pronounced, 

注：

当前和今后一个时期

Both in the immediate future and for some time to come

就业总量

aggregate job creation

· aggregate表示“总计的，合计的”（formed or calculated by the combination of many separate units or items; total）

· unabated表示“不减弱的（地）; 不衰退的（地）”（continuing without becoming any weaker or less violent）

The storm continued unabated throughout the night.

暴风雨持续了一夜，丝毫没有减弱。

· pronounced表示“明显的，显眼的”（very great or noticeable）

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：“结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显”structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute

新的影响因素还在增加，

and new factors that affect employment will continue to grow.

必须把就业摆在更加突出位置。

All this means we must give greater priority to increasing employment. 

注：

增加就业

increase employment

把…摆在突出位置

give greater priority to ...

补充：

give top priority to 优先考虑；放到十分突出的位置上；优先

give priority to precaution 预防为主

稳增长首要是为保就业。

Maintaining stable growth, first and foremost, is to ensure employment.

注：

首要

first and foremost

稳增长

maintain stable growth

保就业

ensure employment

今年城镇新增就业要在实现预期目标的基础上，力争达到近几年的实际规模， 

This year, on top of the urban job creation target, we will work to reach the actual employment figures of the past few years 

注：

新增就业

job creation

既保障城镇劳动力就业，也为农业富余劳动力转移就业留出空间。

so as to ensure employment for the urban workforce while creating nonagricultural employment opportunities for the surplus rural workforce.

注：

保障就业

ensure employment

农业富余劳动力

the surplus rural workforce

只要就业稳、收入增，我们就更有底气。

With stable employment and increasing incomes, we can continue to be fully confident.

注：

就业稳、收入增

stable employment and increasing incomes

有底气

be fully confident

要继续坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，在“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”八个字上下功夫。

We will continue to pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task, focusing on consolidating, strengthening, upgrading, and ensuring unimpeded flows:

注：

以...为主线

pursue ... as our main task

供给侧结构性改革

supply-side structural reform

“供给侧结构性改革”主要涉及到产能过剩、楼市库存大、债务高企这三个方面，为解决好这一问题，就要推行“三去一降一补”的政策（见后文）

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：“必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向”We must give priority to improving supply-side structure.

“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”

consolidating, strengthening, upgrading, and ensuring unimpeded flows

· consolidate表示“加强，巩固”（to strengthen the position of power or success that you have, so that it becomes more effective or continues for longer）

· unimpeded表示“无障碍的，无阻挡的”（happening or moving without being stopped or having difficulty）

unimpeded progress

顺利的进展

更多采取改革的办法，更多运用市场化、法治化手段，

we will use more reforms and means in accordance with market principles and law

注：

市场化、法治化手段

means in accordance with market principles and law

in accordance with表示“跟…一致；依照”

巩固“三去一降一补”成果，增强微观主体活力，

to consolidate the gains made in the five priority tasks; to strengthen the dynamism of micro entities; 

注：

三去一降一补

the five priority tasks

“三去一降一补”，即去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板五大任务。

2018年报告：cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness.

增强微观主体活力

strengthen the dynamism of micro entities

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：持续激发微观主体活力 keep micro entities energized

2019年报告Part 7：着力激发微观主体活力 invigorate micro entities

提升产业链水平，畅通国民经济循环，推动经济高质量发展。

to upgrade industrial chains; and to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy, thus moving toward high-quality development.

注：

提升产业链水平

upgrade industrial chain

畅通国民经济循环

ensure unimpeded flows in the economy

推动...高质量发展

moving toward high-quality development

要继续打好三大攻坚战，精准发力、务求实效。

We will continue the three critical battles and adopt precise measures to deliver solid outcomes.

注：

三大攻坚战

three critical battles

“三大攻坚战”指防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治。

the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution

精准发力

adopt precise measures

务求实效

deliver solid outcomes

防范化解重大风险要强化底线思维，坚持结构性去杠杆，防范金融市场异常波动， 

To forestall and defuse major risks, we should be clear about potential dangers, continue structural deleveraging, forestall abnormal financial market fluctuations, 

注：

防范化解重大风险

forestall and defuse major risks

· forestall表示“预先阻止；抢先”（to prevent something from happening or prevent someone from doing something by doing something first）

· defuse表示“缓和，平息”（to improve a difficult or dangerous situation, for example by making people less angry or by dealing with the causes of a problem）

强化底线思维

be clear about potential dangers

结构性去杠杆

structural deleveraging

· leverage表示“杠杆作用；杠杆力量；杠杆的使用”（the action, power, or use of a lever）

· deleverage中的de-表示“除去”的意思（shows that something is removed）+ leverage 则为“去杠杆”

稳妥处理地方政府债务风险，防控输入性风险。

deal prudently with local government debt risk, and guard against and control externally-generated risks.

注：

稳妥地

prudently

· prudent表示“明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的”（sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks）

地方政府债务

local government debt

防控

guard against and control

输入性风险

externally-generated risks

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：加强金融风险防控 We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.

2016年报告：切实防控风险 prevent and control risks

精准脱贫要坚持现行标准，聚焦深度贫困地区和特殊贫困群体，加大攻坚力度，提高脱贫质量。

We will intensify precision poverty alleviation efforts in accordance with current standards, with the focus on deeply impoverished areas and the most vulnerable groups to deliver solid outcomes.

注：

精准脱贫

precision poverty alleviation

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：全面推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫 We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation.

脱贫

get rid of / lift out of / overcome / shake off poverty

poverty alleviation

扶贫

poverty relief

减贫

poverty reduction

深度贫困地区

deeply impoverished areas

特殊贫困群体

the most vulnerable groups

· impoverish表示“使贫困，使赤贫”（to make someone very poor）

污染防治要聚焦打赢蓝天保卫战等重点任务，统筹兼顾、标本兼治，使生态环境质量持续改善。

In addressing pollution, we will focus on major priorities such as the fight to keep our skies blue, take a holistic approach, address both symptoms and root causes, and make continuous improvements to the environment.

注：

蓝天保卫战

the fight to keep our skies blue

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：坚决打好蓝天保卫战 We will make our skies blue again.

统筹兼顾

take a holistic approach

标本兼治

address both symptoms and root causes

持续改善

make continuous improvements

· holistic表示“整体（论）的，全面的”（considering a person or thing as a whole, rather than as separate parts）

「类似表述对比」

2017年报告：通观全局、统筹兼顾 keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach

2018年报告：统筹兼顾、突出重点 take coordinated action that covers all sectors and focus on clear priorities.

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