【TED演讲224】应该让孩子做的五件“危险”的事情

www.ted.com Gever Tulley, founder of the Tinkering School, spells out 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do. From TED University 2007. TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers are invited to give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes -- including speakers such as Jill Bolte Taylor, Sir Ken Robinson, Hans Rosling, Al Gore and Arthur Benjamin. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, and Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, politics and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, athttp://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10

小时候我们总喜欢做各种各样危险的事情，上蹿下跳个不停，虽然经常会被爸妈训，但却充满了冒险的乐趣。今天著名作家Gever Tulley在TED演讲中提出，其实父母应该要让孩子还小的时候就做五件危险的事，因为，它们将会是孩子的成长过程最强有力的助攻！

演说者：Gever Tulley

演说题目：应该让孩子做的五件“危险”的事情

 中英文对照翻译

Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do." I don't have children. I borrow my friends' children, so --(Laughter)take all this advice with a grain of salt. I'm Gever Tulley. 

欢迎各位出席我的演讲，我演讲的主题是：应该让孩子做的五件“危险”的事情。 我自己并没有孩子。因此，我只好借来了我朋友们的小孩。（笑）对于我今天所谈及的内容，大家尽可以持保留态度。我叫吉佛·图利。

You know, we live in a world that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations. There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy child safety regulations can get. We put suffocation warnings on every piece of plastic film manufactured in the United States, or for sale with an item in the United States. 

大家都知道，在我们所生活的这个世界里，关于儿童安全方面的准则制定得越来越严格。对于儿童安全准则的制定，其严苛程度，近乎疯狂。我们在所有美国制造的塑料袋上都印有令人窒息的安全警告，那些随商品出售的塑料袋上，也不能幸免。

We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us that the contents may be hot. And we seem to think that any item sharper than a golf ball is too sharp for children under the age of 10.

连咖啡杯上也印有 “以防液体烫伤”这样的安全警示。对那些十岁以下的孩子们而言，人们似乎想当然的认为，只要是比高尔夫球尖锐一些的物体，都可被视为是锋利的。

So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety, and about some simple things that we can do to raise our kids to be creative, confident and in control of the environment around them. 

因此，尽管这个标题看上去有些触目惊心，但这篇讲演的主旨实际上是关于安全的，以及我们能做的一些简单的小事，通过这些小事，可以提高孩子们的创造力、自信心以及对他们周遭环境的控制能力。

And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress. The book is called "50 Dangerous Things." This is "Five Dangerous Things."

我现在向大家介绍的是来自于一本未完成书中的节选。这本书名字叫做“50件危险的事”。我节选了其中的5件。

And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory. You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it. Let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me, they're going to learn things that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.

我们可以把露天矿区燃烧的火想象成一个实验室。虽然，通过玩火孩子们能够从中学到些什么我们无从而知。但是，请相信我，让他们随心所欲地玩火，他们一定能够学到 比玩玩具“探险家Dora”所学不到的知识。

Number two: Own a pocketknife. Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness, which I think is a terrible thing.Your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given. You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar, it's a screwdriver and it's a blade, yeah. 

第二件事—拥有一把小刀。小刀是一种游离于我们文化意识之外的东西，我也挺讨厌它。（笑）你所拥有的第一把小刀是你的第一个万能的工具。可以当铲子用，可以当撬子用，可以当成螺丝起子，也可以用作小刀。

And it's a powerful and empowering tool. And in a lot of cultures they give knives -- like, as soon as they're toddlers, they have knives. These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber. I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10, and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives. 

小刀是一个强大的万能工具。在很多不同的文化背景中，刚会学步的小孩就可以有小刀玩。这些因纽特小孩正在用他们手里的刀切鲸鱼油脂。我第一次看到这个是我十岁的时候，在一个加拿大电影公告牌上，小婴儿玩刀的情景给我留下了非常深刻的印象。

Number three: Throw a spear. It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things, and like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain, they tend to atrophy over time. But when you exercise them, any given muscle adds strength to the whole system, and that applies to your brain, too. 

第三件事—玩扔长矛的游戏。研究证明，我们的大脑天生就懂得如何进行投掷，就如同我们的身体肌肉一样，如果你不经常使用你的大脑，它也会慢慢萎缩退化的。但当你经常锻炼它的时候，特定部位的肌肉就会给整个身体系统施加力量 这些力量也会同时作用于你的大脑。

So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes, which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding, and structural problem solving, so it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability. 

因此，研究表明练习投掷可以刺激额叶和顶叶，额叶和顶叶又与视觉灵敏度、三维感知能力，以及结构性解决问题能力相关，因此它在培养孩子们想象技巧和预知能力方面具有重要的意义。

Even if you don't know what the parts are, puzzling out what they might be for is a really good practice for the kids to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart, and no matter how complex they are, they can understand parts of them. 

即便你对这些零件一无所知，但是动动脑筋，想想每个零件是干什么用的，这本身已是对孩子们很好的锻炼.孩子们可以形成这样一种意识，就是不论机器的内部构造多么复杂，他们都可以把它拆解开。

And that means that eventually, they can understand all of them. It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable. So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted are actually complex things made by other people, and you can understand them.

他们能够从知晓每个零件的功能开始，慢慢弄清楚整个机器的原理。这是一种对于可知性的领悟力，即某些事物是可知的。我们要让孩子们明白，那些我们习以为常的和我们共同生活在一起的黑盒子，实际上是由他人制造出来的复杂的的事物，通过不断领悟我们也可以明白它们的原理。

That's something we often talk about with the kids when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open, and taking them apart and using them for other things. And also when we go out and drive a car. Driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child, so this is the alternate --(Laughter)

有些时候，当我们摆弄一些玩意的时候，当我们把它们打开或者拆开的时候，当我们把它们用作他用的时候，我们应该把孩子们叫过来，和他们一起交流讨论— 当我们开车出行的时候，也应该这么做。驾车对一个小孩来说是一项超乎他能力的行为，因此这也是极限。（笑）

For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law, you can drive a car with your child. This is a great stage for a kid. This happens about the same time that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs, these big things in the outside world, that they're trying to get a grip on. 

对于那些不愿意触犯法律的人而言，你们可以带着孩子一起驾车。对孩子来说，这是一个十分重要的成长阶段。这个阶段发生的时间与孩子们对外部世界类似恐龙这样的大家伙着迷的时间大体上一致，他们兴致勃勃的想试一把。

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