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比纯素食更科学?可吃肉的“弹性素食”了解下!
弹性素食很弹性
多吃水果,蔬菜,豆类和全谷物。
注重摄取植物蛋白质而非动物蛋白质。
适时可加入肉食和动物类食品。
吃加工最少、最天然的食物。
限制添加的食糖和糖果。
图片来源:U.S.News
益处“难以评估”?
少吃肉的弊端
弹性素食食谱
蛋白质:大豆、豆腐、丹贝、豆类、扁豆。
非淀粉类蔬菜:绿色蔬菜、甜椒、抱子甘蓝、豆角、胡萝卜、花椰菜。
淀粉类蔬菜:南瓜、豌豆、玉米、地瓜。
水果:苹果、橘子、浆果、葡萄、樱桃。
全谷类:藜麦、苔麸(埃塞尔比亚画眉草)、荞麦、法罗(Farro,一种小麦)。
坚果、种子和其它健康脂肪来源:杏仁、亚麻籽、奇亚籽、核桃、腰果、开心果、花生酱、鳄梨、橄榄、椰子。
植物类牛奶替代品:不加糖的杏仁奶、椰奶、大麻奶和豆奶。
香草,香料和调味料:罗勒、牛至、薄荷、百里香、小茴香、姜黄、姜。
调味品:低钠酱油、苹果醋、莎莎酱(Salsa)、芥末酱、营养酵母、不加糖的番茄酱。
饮料:矿泉水和苏打水、茶、咖啡。
加工肉类:培根、香肠、博洛尼亚大红肠(bologna)。
精制碳水化合物:白面包、白米饭、百吉饼、羊角面包。
添加的糖和甜食:苏打水、甜甜圈、蛋糕、饼干、糖果。
快餐:薯条、汉堡、炸鸡、奶昔。
弹性一些,健康一点
1.DerbyshireEJ. Flexitarian Diets and Health: A Review of the Evidence-Based Literature.Front Nutr. 20162.HuFB. Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. AmJ Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):544S-551S3.CroweFL, Appleby PN, Travis RC, Key TJ. Risk of hospitalization or death fromischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: resultsfrom the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(3):597-6034.YokoyamaY, Nishimura K, Barnard ND, et al. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: ameta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):577-875.HuangRY, Huang CC, Hu FB, Chavarro JE. Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: aMeta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Gen Intern Med.2016;31(1):109-166.YokoyamaY, Barnard N D, Levin S M, et al. Vegetarian diets and glycemic control indiabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Cardiovascular diagnosisand therapy, 2014, 4(5): 373.7.AleksandrowiczL, Green R, Joy E J M, et al. The impacts of dietary change on greenhouse gasemissions, land use, water use, and health: a systematic review[J]. PloS one,2016, 11(11).8.SabatéJ, Soret S. Sustainability of plant-based diets: back to the future. Am J ClinNutr. 20149.PimentelD, Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and theenvironment. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):660S-663S10.McEvoy CT, Temple N, Woodside JV.Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review. Public Health Nutr.2012;15(12):2287-9411.Pawlak R, Parrott SJ, Raj S,Cullum-Dugan D, Lucus D. How prevalent is vitamin B(12) deficiency amongvegetarians?. Nutr Rev. 2013;71(2):110-712.Hunt JR. Bioavailability of iron,zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3Suppl):633S-639S13.Trumbo, Paula, et al. "Dietaryreference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper,iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc."Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 101.3 (2001): 294.14.Welch AA, Shakya-Shrestha S, LentjesMA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Dietary intake and status of n-3 polyunsaturated fattyacids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters,vegetarians, and vegans and the product-precursor ratio [corrected] ofα-linolenic acid to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: results fromthe EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1040-51
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